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00:54The forests of the world, whether the jungles of Asia
00:58or the tropical rainforests of South America or woodlands in Europe,
01:02haven't really changed in their essentials for 50 million years.
01:08Then, as now, there were ferns and flowering plants
01:12and tall trees with broad leaves, leaves, in fact, everywhere,
01:16sprouting and falling season after season, century after century.
01:21Dinosaurs had fed on leaves. Some of the biggest were plant-eaters.
01:25But when the dinosaurs disappeared,
01:27for reasons which we still don't understand,
01:29these forests were left empty of any large creatures.
01:32They were just birds in the trees, insects,
01:35and a few small reptiles and amphibians.
01:38And they stayed empty for several hundred thousand years.
01:43That may seem a very long time, but in geological time,
01:46it's really quite short.
01:48And then, amongst those small creatures,
01:51there were some warm-blooded, inconspicuous little animals
01:55that fed on insects.
01:57They'd been around a long time.
01:59They'd been in the forests with the dinosaurs.
02:02But with the dinosaurs gone,
02:04those creatures began to develop ways
02:06of raiding this untapped larder of leaves.
02:10And their descendants are still at it.
02:32One or two have become extraordinarily specialized.
02:35The three-toed sloth in South America
02:37eats only the leaves of the Cecropia tree.
02:39Hanging beneath the branches,
02:41no predators can reach it.
02:43And perhaps lulled by this security,
02:45it's fallen into a kind of torpor
02:47so that it's totally unable to move any faster than this.
02:51Others became nimble and agile acrobats.
02:56The monkeys.
02:58The monkeys.
02:59But the leaf-eaters didn't have everything their own way.
03:08There were also hunters in the forest,
03:11moving silently and stalking alone.
03:14There were also hunters in the forest
03:30that they know how to pass.
03:31The duels are also played together.
03:38But the chimps is still in the forest,
03:40and they're now there.
03:41These duels are also played out at night.
03:48From the beginnings of the mammals' history,
03:50they had been able, with the help of their warm bodies,
03:52to remain active even when the warming sun had gone down.
03:56A great proportion of them have never lost the habit
03:59and venture out only under the cover of darkness
04:02to nibble buds, bark and green shoots.
04:05This is a dormouse.
04:11On the woodland floor, a little hamster busily gathers food.
04:18It needs great quantities
04:20for vegetation contains little nourishment in proportion to its bulk.
04:26But eating for hours on end, out in the open, can be dangerous.
04:30So the hamster stuffs all it can find into its cheek pouches
04:34as quickly as possible
04:36and then scampers back to the safety of its burrow.
04:41There, it unloads its collection and eats it at leisure.
04:45Throughout the summer, it builds up immense stores down here
04:49because soon another problem will face it
04:52as it faces many other vegetarians.
04:54The frozen forests can no longer provide sufficient food
05:10to sustain the army of vegetarians
05:12that gnawed and nibbled here throughout the summer.
05:15The dormouse deals with the problem by hibernating.
05:30Its blood cools to only a few degrees above freezing
05:33and the motors of its body slow down and idle,
05:37driven only by the fat accumulated during the leafy days of summer.
05:45The woodmouse, too, lives off its fat,
05:48though it doesn't hibernate
05:49and manages to keep going by finding seeds and gnawing bark.
05:53This is the time when the old and the weak die
06:04and only the strongest survive.
06:06Bigger creatures, too, like deer, are driven to search for nuts
06:18and to strip bark from trees.
06:21But after months of hardship, the year eventually turns
06:26and the world becomes green again.
06:28Among the leaves that sprouted during the springs
06:31of some 25 million years ago,
06:34there was a sudden increase in a particular kind, grass.
06:39The spread of grass was probably triggered by a drying of the climate.
06:43It may appear to be a simple kind of plant,
06:46little more than leaves,
06:48but in fact it's a complex and specialised one.
06:51It has tiny flowers that rely on the wind for pollination
06:54and its leaves grow not from the tip, like most other plants,
06:58but from the bottom, close to the ground.
07:01So when a fire sweeps over the plains,
07:04the leaves may burn,
07:05but new ones will sprout from the rootstocks almost immediately.
07:10Similarly, when animals nibble the top part,
07:13the bottom continues to grow,
07:15providing a never-ending supply of succulent food.
07:17Leaf-eaters from the forest soon moved out onto the plains
07:30to gather this new and bountiful supply of sustenance.
07:36Leafs are not, however, easy to digest.
07:43To extract their nourishment,
07:45they have to be worked on by the digestive juices for a very long time,
07:49and rabbits make this happen in a most surprising way.
07:53Having nibbled a stomach full above ground,
07:59the rabbit retreats to its burrow.
08:02Here it excretes special mucus-covered pellets,
08:07but the grass in them is only half digested.
08:10As each pellet emerges, the rabbit immediately swallows it,
08:14so that eventually all its food passes through its digestive system twice.
08:19an egg is a bun.
08:20Here it is.
08:21Here it is.
08:22Here comes the allergies.
08:23Here it is.
08:25these creatures also live entirely on plants they're buffalo and I'm in North America like
08:42all vegetarians they have teeth that are especially modified for the job those at
08:48the front here are nippers which shear off the grass or the brows and then at the back
08:54there are these grinding molars a great battery of them they're open rooted so that they keep on
09:00growing as the enamel wears down and they have these ridges which help to break down the walls
09:07the cellulose in the plant and also they jaw can be moved from side to side to help in the grinding
09:13process gathering a sufficient grass to sustain an animal this size takes a long time up to nine
09:27hours a day but even that battery of grinding teeth doesn't solve the problem of digesting grass and the
09:35buffalo also has to give its meals a double treatment though in a rather neater way than
09:40that used by the rabbit the chewed grass goes down to a large chamber the stomach that serves as a
09:47fermentation that and contains a particularly rich brew of bacteria and single-celled creatures
09:53these actively swimming little organisms are so small that a thousand million of them could get
09:59into a teaspoon the rectangular slabs are fragments of leaves no mammal can digest the cellulose walls of
10:07plant cells but these microorganisms can they produce a ferment which dissolves the cellulose changing it
10:15into a substance that the buffalo can absorb but the bodies of the microbes also contain valuable protein
10:23this too will be digested but not until the half digested mash or cud is brought up a lump at a time
10:31and given a second chewing one mouthful goes down for a second time and up comes another many grass eaters chew the cud like this and a very convenient technique it is too it can be done away from the open pasture lying concealed and comfortable in the
11:01shade or with the head held high if there's a need to keep watch for danger
11:05so many leaf eaters from the forest found food on the plain and out of the forest too in pursuit of them came the hunters
11:21so many leaf eaters from the wild beasts of the forest we see all of them have been
11:44diana's milk pe3d
11:45The serval is considerably bigger than a domestic cat.
11:57It hunts rats and mice and must catch about a dozen each day in order to survive.
12:06Flesh eaters need quite different teeth from vegetarians.
12:10Instead of grinders and palpers, they require the armory of the butcher's shop.
12:14A lion has two pairs of fangs at the front, daggers to stab the prey and grip it unrelentingly as it struggles.
12:24At the front, nipping teeth to pick off strands of meat.
12:28At the back, the cutters, self-sharpening blades which mesh onto one another so accurately that they can shear through hide, tendons, even bones.
12:39These are why lions and cats chew with the sides of their mouths.
12:42With weapons like this around, it's hardly surprising that one of the most pressing concerns of the leaf eaters on the plains is to keep out of the way.
12:51One of the ways to do that is to go underground.
12:57These are the waist tips of the mole rat, a creature that has foregone the lush leaves of the grass and specialised instead on eating the roots.
13:05It tunnels industriously a few inches below the surface, nipping off the grass roots from beneath.
13:31Eyes are no use underground, and the mole rat has become totally blind, the furry skin of its head having completely covered the vestiges of its eyes.
13:41It finds its way around by touch, using lines of bristles that grow on either side of its head, and it happily scuttles along its dark tunnels not only forwards, but backwards like a tram.
13:53For burrowing, it uses predominantly its large and powerful gnawing teeth, and its shovel-shaped snout.
14:00It excavates enormously long tunnels beneath the turf, and guards them energetically to protect its supply of roots and bulbs growing down from the ceiling.
14:12If a mole rat meets a stranger in its tunnel, there's likely to be trouble.
14:22Having established by smell that they're rivals, their first reaction is to build a wall between the two territories.
14:42If they still run into one another, then they fight.
14:55If they still run into one another, then they fight.
15:03In the spring, particularly large mounds appear above their runs, thrown up by the females as they excavate their breeding chambers.
15:20Each of these underground mansions has larders stocked with bulbs, special lavatories, and passages to the tunnels where the males live.
15:29And here the young, blind like their parents, are born and reared.
15:33Mole rats are the most dedicated of underground dwellers.
15:37Other inhabitants of the plain, like these prairie dogs, are rather more confident about life.
15:52Prairie dogs are also burrowers, but they spend much of their time not below ground, but above it.
16:02They actively farm their fields.
16:04If a plant that they don't like to eat, such as sage, takes root on their land, they will cut it down and so make room for more of the plants that they do like.
16:13And if one patch of pasture gets overgrazed, they abandon it and let it lie fallow while they feed on another patch.
16:27They live in huge towns, many thousands strong.
16:31These great communities are made up of groups of about 30 animals, which all know one another personally and have burrows that are often interconnected.
16:40When these neighbours meet, they kiss and groom one another.
16:44They exchange many kinds of signals.
16:50A citizen declares his ownership of a burrow like this.
16:53They also bark warnings when they spot danger, such as eagles or coyotes on the hunt.
17:11So, as the open plains spread through the world, the animals that came out of the forest to graze there developed their different ways of digesting grass and of protecting themselves in this dangerously exposed environment.
17:28During this period, South America, where I am now, became isolated as a gigantic island.
17:35The land bridge of Panama sank beneath the sea.
17:39Cut off from the rest of the world, the inhabitants of these grasslands, the pampas, developed into forms that, to our eyes, seem very extraordinary indeed.
17:50One looked like a cross between a camel and an elephant.
17:55There were huge grazing beasts, bigger than rhinos.
17:58And an armoured animal the size of a small car that trundled about beneath a great dome of bone.
18:04These vegetarians were preyed on by gigantic flightless birds with beaks like hatchets.
18:10And hunters with sabre teeth that looked like tigers, but bore their young in pouches like kangaroos.
18:17But about five million years ago, the land link with North America was re-established, and different creatures from the north moved south.
18:25As the populations mixed, northerners and southerners competed for the same food and territory.
18:31There were winners and losers, and most of the strange South Americans disappeared.
18:37But in this gigantic cave in Patagonia, on the southern tip of the continent, tantalising evidence has been found of a really dramatic survival.
18:46At the end of the 19th century, a German came down here to settle and to ranch cattle and sheep.
18:52And this cave lay on his estancia.
18:55When he came to explore it, he found at the back, behind that line of boulders, a pile of the most extraordinary bones, skin and dung.
19:08He hung a piece of the skin on one of the posts that marked the boundary of his property.
19:13And there, a few years later, a Swedish traveller noticed it.
19:18He sent it to the Natural History Museum in London.
19:22And there they identified it as belonging to a giant ground sloth.
19:29This animal had been known for some time from its fossilised bones.
19:33But the remains in the cave were not fossilised and seemed extraordinarily fresh.
19:38Could the animal still be alive somewhere?
19:41And why were there such huge piles of dung in the cave?
19:44Was it possible that the line of boulders was the remains of a wall built by men to pen the animals in the cave like enormous cattle?
19:54For a long time, nobody knew the answers to those questions.
19:58But recent excavations have at least cleared up some of them.
20:02A few years ago, these bits of bone were dug up here.
20:05This is a bit of the jaw and this of the hip.
20:08And from tests on them and their position in the ground, we now know that the giant ground sloths were here up to about 5,000 years ago.
20:17And the same excavations have also shown that the Indians were here between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago.
20:24So it is indeed possible that the Indians hunted those huge animals.
20:30But that line of boulders, I'm afraid, is no more than a natural fall of rock from the ceiling.
20:36And the piles of dung behind it are no mystery either.
20:39We now know that many animals habitually use the same dung hills.
20:43And maybe the sloths came in here during the winter to keep warm.
20:47But I'm afraid the animal is really now extinct.
20:51You can't hide a creature twice the size of a cow in the bleak emptinesses of Patagonia.
20:58So we've missed our chance of seeing it.
21:01But it was quite a close thing in geological terms at any rate.
21:07The South American giants may have gone, but some less conspicuous but equally bizarre creatures remain.
21:13There are many kinds of armadillos, trotting over the pampas and foraging in the forests,
21:18diminutive descendants of the huge extinct ones.
21:22There are some very odd rodents here too.
21:27These are capybaras.
21:29They find safety in water.
21:31Like a hippopotamus, their eyes, ears and nostrils are all on the top of the head.
21:36And for the same reason.
21:38So that the capybara can lie in the water fully aware of what is going on around it.
21:43But with practically all its body hidden beneath the surface.
21:52Capybaras are the largest rodents to be found anywhere in the world.
22:12A male grows to be three feet long, a metre or so.
22:15And they're the descendants of an even bigger extinct ancestor.
22:19They move around in large family groups and are excellent swimmers right from an early age.
22:26Though sometimes the young find even easier ways of getting around.
22:31They eat virtually nothing except leaves of one sort or another.
22:51Either water plants or the grasses of the river bank.
22:54The Viscacha is the South American equivalent of the prairie dog.
23:05Though it's very much bigger, about the size of a badger.
23:08At dusk it comes up from its sleeping quarters and surveys the world before starting on its nightly labour of nibbling grass for hours on end.
23:22The Mara, another South American rodent, has very long legs.
23:35For it finds safety not by burrowing underground but by running.
23:39So when it browses it's always on the alert, nervously watching for danger and so highly strung that it will race away at the crack of a twig or the faint whiff of a dangerous scent.
23:52This little leaf eater appeared some 50 million years ago in North America.
23:58It was no bigger than a spaniel and it had four toes on its front legs and three on the back.
24:04Like the Mara, it sought safety and speed.
24:07The longer your legs, the longer strides you can take and the faster you can run.
24:12Over generations, these creatures increased the length of their legs by rising up on their toes.
24:18After millions of years, some developed which carried the main weight of their body on the middle toe alone and the side toes barely touched the ground.
24:27The continuously growing nail on the middle toe became thick to reduce where? A hoof.
24:33Eventually the side toes disappeared altogether.
24:36These were the early horses and they spread right across the northern hemisphere and down into Africa.
24:42Zebras, with their long legs jointed to a stiff backbone, can gallop at speeds of up to 40 miles, 65 kilometers an hour.
25:00They run in groups for this safety in numbers.
25:03It's more difficult to take an animal by surprise if it's in a group and a swirling mass like this makes a very confusing target.
25:10Other grass eaters on the plains find protection from hunters in different ways.
25:17The rhinoceros has a hide as tough as any mammals, proof against the sharpest claws and teeth.
25:25Its sheer bulk makes it very formidable too.
25:29But that also helps it with the universal problem for browsers, how to digest cellulose.
25:36The rhinoceros doesn't chew cud.
25:40Instead, it keeps its food in its belly for a very long time indeed, so that the bacteria have plenty of time to work on it.
25:48To do that, you need a very large belly in which to store the food.
25:53And if you are to carry a large belly, you must be big.
25:57There's only one creature on the plains that's much bigger than the rhino.
26:01The elephant is the largest land animal alive, and its huge size makes it virtually invulnerable.
26:16No hunter is big enough or powerful enough to pull down a full-grown elephant.
26:22It's so big it isn't shaded to any degree by any of the trees that occasionally stud the plains,
26:29and out in the waking sun, it's in danger of getting overheated.
26:33Flapping its ears helps considerably in cooling the blood as it passes through the veins of the ears.
26:45The elephant manages to live on what is probably the poorest diet of any mammal.
26:50Although it welcomes leaves when it can get them, it also eats the most fibrous brows of all, twigs, bark, even branches.
27:01But again, its huge intestines allow it to give this roughage prolonged chemical treatment.
27:06Our food takes about a day to pass through our bodies.
27:10An elephant's takes two and a half days.
27:12And for most of that time, the brows, having been mashed by the elephant's molars,
27:17is stewing in the digestive juices and bacterial broth of its gigantic gut.
27:22Forest antelopes also moved out into the open country, lured by so much readily available vegetation.
27:35The little dick dick resembles the early forest-living antelopes in many ways.
27:42Like them, it's small, only a foot or so high, which is convenient for moving in thick vegetation.
27:48And it lives in pairs, for the shaded floor of the tropical forest is poor in leaves
27:54and can't sustain a dense population of leaf-eaters.
27:57So the antelopes living there mark and defend their precious pastures against rivals.
28:08The male deposits musk from a gland beneath his eye on twigs by poking the tips actually in the gland.
28:18The scent proclaims that the territory belongs to a particular pair,
28:22which will remain here together throughout their lives.
28:25Another male reads the signs.
28:29Smell is very important to the dick dick.
28:32They have other scent glands between their hooves, which probably mark the trails.
28:37Since the pair never stray from this one patch of land, they know it intimately.
28:42And that's important in defence.
28:44When danger approaches, they know the best escape routes, the best corners in which to hide.
28:59Impala inhabit more open country.
29:02They no longer live in pairs, but have formed herds.
29:05For safety's sake, it's very difficult to take them by surprise.
29:14And when they are attacked, the herd works together to baffle their assailants.
29:19As the animals suddenly leap in all directions, a hunter may well hesitate in deciding which it would follow.
29:30And that may make the difference between a killing and an escape.
29:34So let's say.
29:35In my mind, we must have been strong.
29:37That may be hard to remember the staircase to take the whole side of everything.
29:38I think it depends on the examinations of the human character.
29:40What are you talking about?
29:41Yeah.
29:42I think it depends on the identification of animals.
29:43But a blanket of animals, a communicative animal, a certain animal, a human character.
29:44But a milk of animal.
29:45There is a very good thing.
29:46Here is the next number of animals.
29:47There is a new animal that we might collect the animals.
29:48There is no genre and the animals.
29:49There is a man to lie.
29:52Appala, the animals, a villainous animal, the bird, but it's a human being.
29:53That's the nature.
29:55The animal is if the animal is.
29:56In all this animal is so violent.
29:57The animal is in which the animal is a light.
29:58Impala still prefer country containing bushes and trees, but some grazers spend all their
30:08lives exposed out on the open plain where there is no cover of any kind.
30:26The wildebeest forms some of the greatest herds of all.
30:30Tens of thousands of animals move across the plains, sometimes making huge journeys to
30:36follow the rains and find the newly springing grass.
30:40In vast assemblages like these, there are no pairs of males and females.
30:45During the rutting season, the dominant bulls will set up small stamping grounds which the
30:49females will visit one after the other.
30:52So a single bull will service many cows and then lose touch with them as individuals
30:57when they return to the anonymity of the herd.
31:02Not surprisingly, this immense concentration of animals, this vast reserve of meat, attracts
31:07the attention of hunters.
31:13The cheetah relies on speed in a straight-forward chase.
31:17It's said to be the fastest runner in the world, capable of reaching 70 miles, 110 km an hour.
31:24Its legs are not as long as an antelope's, but it increases their effective length by having
31:28a backbone that is extremely flexible so that it can take huge strides.
31:35But it can't sprint like this for long.
31:37If it doesn't catch its prey within a quarter of a mile, it has to give up exhausted.
31:47And this time, the gazelle has won.
31:55Long wildebeest are often taken by cheetah.
32:14This cheetah is one of a pair of males strolling through the herds as if selecting their meal
32:20for the day.
32:44Oddly, perhaps, the wildebeest seem little concerned.
32:48Perhaps they know from the way that the cheetahs are behaving that they're not about to attack
32:52yet.
33:06One male makes a tentative run.
33:08Bending his supple spine, he can cover an astonishing 23 feet, 7 meters, in a single
33:14bound.
33:21It may be that by chipping them in this way, the cheetahs are trying to pick out the animal
33:26that is just a little slower than the others, just a little more vulnerable.
33:33in this way.
33:40Best of luck.
33:42Can you get these two in the lipids?
33:44How can you read?
33:45Can you read this story?
33:47Can you read it?
33:48How can you read it?
33:49It may be that by a way you came, but you couldn't.
33:51It's the best of luck for you.
33:52You're feeling, and it's a tough one.
33:54I wanted to read the book for a few years ago.
33:56So I wanted to read the book for a couple of years later.
33:58Transcription by CastingWords
34:28Transcription by CastingWords
34:58Transcription by CastingWords
35:28Transcription by CastingWords
35:58Transcription by CastingWords
36:28The Zebra spot her.
36:45Ahead, there are other members of the Pride.
36:48In their panic, the Zebra run towards them, and now they take up the hunt.
36:58But though she's got hold of it, she can't overpower it by herself.
37:05The others come to her aid.
37:19Now there is food not just for one hunter, but for the whole Pride.
37:24Lions, hunting in groups like this, kill on average once in every three attempts.
37:37But lions do not always work in groups.
37:40Sometimes a lioness will set out by herself.
37:43But the elves and the devils are pretty tough.
37:46Try to fight for the preventative of following the two of them.
37:50Again, at the same time, the birds are already known as the Olympics.
37:53She coins to therig!?
37:54But theиса do not have to fight for the first look.
37:55You would not have to fight for the first look.
37:56I have to fight for the first look.
37:57I was born with the muddy sand.
37:58I remember being a monarch.
38:00I have to fight for the last week.
38:01Do not turn around?
38:02I have to fight for the end of the deep end of the pit.
38:04Once again, you will let your sweet look.
38:05I have to fight for the next look.
38:06I am to fight for the first look.
38:07I am to fight for the first look.
38:09If you are to greet for the next.
38:10only one in five of these solitary hunts is successful scavenging is a much easier way
38:27of getting meat hyenas killed this wildebeest but a lioness so much bigger than they are
38:32can chase them off if there are only a few of them
38:35hyenas are small and they can only run about half as fast as a cheetah but they make up for that
38:59by hunting as a pack and they have enormous stamina and can keep up a good speed for a long
39:04time harrying and wearing down their quarry when a pack finally closes in on a wildebeest there is no
39:17escape
39:47few creatures can defeat hyenas as long as they work as a team
40:13a determined pack can even rob a lioness of her kill
40:17she gives up perhaps she'd had enough anyway
40:37so the pack and teamwork wins again
41:03sometimes though pack disputes with pack this kill was made on the border between the hunting
41:15grounds of two neighboring packs and the squabble surges this way and that as each gains temporal
41:21the control of the carcass
41:23the females of the pack have their own dens where they raise the cubs a pack may contain as many as 80 animals
41:50and they communicate with one another in the most comprehensive way using sound gesture and smell
41:56the tail is particularly eloquent normally it's carried curved down erect like this
42:04it's a sign of aggression this female is unsure about her rival
42:08now she's happier
42:17from a very early age each hyena marks grass stems with scent from a gland beneath its tail
42:27when members of the pack meet they greet one another with extravagant smells and licks
42:42each animal knows its fellows individually and each knows its place within the complex hierarchy of the pack
42:48this elaborate social structure with leaders and followers and the highly effective system of
43:01communication on which it's based enables the pack to hunt most effectively as a team
43:06so that the hyenas small though they may be are among the most effective killers on the plains
43:12indeed in some parts it's the hyenas hunting at night that are responsible for the majority of the kills
43:28lion society also has a well-defined structure the females are the basis of the pride there may be a
43:36dozen or so of them and they're probably all sisters or half sisters
43:48they cooperate with one another even on occasion suckling one another's cubs
44:06these lionesses will remain together throughout their lives it's the males that come from other
44:24groups elsewhere to join them but once the males are accepted as members of the pride they take over
44:30much of the responsibility for defending the territory roaring their claims of possession
44:35and fighting off intruders the females do most of the hunting but that doesn't take up much of their
44:42time meat is much more nourishing than grass a lion can eat as much as 20 kilos at a sitting
44:49so a single meal will last it two days or even longer
45:10for the rest of the time there's not much to do except watch the wildebeest herds gathering their
45:16great quantities of grass
45:18of grass
45:31of grass
45:33of grass
45:35of grass
45:37of grass
45:39of grass
45:41grass
45:42of grass
45:54of grass
45:56of its
45:58sse
45:59of
46:11Eventually the time comes when more meat is needed and the pride must hunt again.
46:29The male is not to be disturbed.
46:32He'll follow later when all the work has been done, and probably just as well.
46:36With a great mane on his shoulders, he's much more conspicuous than they.
46:41The wildebeest have come down to feed on the lush grass beside a marsh.
47:00The lionesses spread out in line.
47:10The lionesses spread out in line.
47:12.
47:14.
47:18MUSIC CONTINUES
47:48It's a barrier against which they can be trapped.
48:00This lioness leaves the main group and walks off to the far flank of the herd.
48:08The others slowly advance on the wildebeest, which move nearer the marsh.
48:18MUSIC CONTINUES
48:28Each lioness seems to keep a close watch on her companions
48:33as they advance together closer and closer.
48:36MUSIC CONTINUES
48:41If the wildebeest get agitated,
48:52the lions simply sit and wait for them to settle again,
48:55which they do just a little nearer the marsh.
48:58MUSIC CONTINUES
49:03MUSIC CONTINUES
49:13MUSIC CONTINUES
49:19MUSIC CONTINUES
49:29MUSIC CONTINUES
49:33MUSIC CONTINUES
49:36MUSIC CONTINUES
49:52MUSIC CONTINUES
49:54MUSIC CONTINUES
49:56Now the ambush is laid.
49:58MUSIC CONTINUES
50:00MUSIC CONTINUES
50:02MUSIC CONTINUES
50:20Back and forth the wildebeest dash in panic and confusion,
50:24and the lionesses have time to select their prey.
50:27MUSIC CONTINUES
50:30MUSIC CONTINUES
50:35MUSIC CONTINUES
50:38MUSIC CONTINUES
50:41��
51:00once again jaws are clenched on the throat and a wildebeest is throttled by the time the others
51:27including the male arrive it's dead
51:57the hunt has produced two kills that's more than enough meat for the whole prime
52:27so the long duels between hunter and hunted fought out on the open plain led to a great
52:42development of teamwork and communication but there's one animal that came out of the forest
52:48to hunt on the plains that i've not yet mentioned and that's a particularly interesting one to us
52:52because it was our ancestor and to trace it from its origins we'll have to go back into the forest
52:59where its cousins still live
53:01so
53:07so
53:14so
53:24so
53:35so
53:46so
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