00:00from California. Mr. Kiley for his five minutes. Thank you Mr. Chair for calling this hearing.
00:04It's a hugely important topic and you know we have often seen this arms race develop between
00:11criminals and law enforcement when it comes to the use of technology where criminals innovate
00:16and law enforcement has to innovate in turn and it's a matter of just trying to to sort of keep
00:20up. But with AI it's a totally different ball game in the sense that the development of new
00:28capabilities is happening so quickly and the nature of those capabilities is often emergent
00:33and surprises even the the people who you know train the systems and the ways in which they are
00:39being applied is is equally unpredictable. That to me it seems that integrating AI into law enforcement
00:47operations it's not just a tool at this point it's absolutely essential but it's a tremendous
00:54challenge and requires a lot of expertise. So it seems to me that we need to be thinking very
00:59seriously about how we can have coordination and how we can make cutting-edge tools available to law
01:06enforcement across the country. And so I wanted to ask both Mr. Redboard and Ms. Perumal if I'm saying
01:16that correctly about your thoughts on this. I know that you have a law enforcement background
01:22and I know that you actually worked at Google and I believe it was just a couple days ago that Google
01:27announced that its cyber security AI platform for the first time detected and defeated a software
01:33vulnerability in the wild that was known to malevolent actors. So maybe if you could both address
01:37kind of the role of the public and private sector in meeting this challenge. Thank you so much for the
01:42question and it's absolutely critical that the public and private sector work together on this as
01:46the question noted. Look every federal law enforcement agency in the U.S. today is using
01:53tools like TRM to track and trace the flow of funds to automate tracing when it comes to cryptocurrency to
01:59leverage AI tools in that respect. But the reality is that it's still a handful of investigators that have
02:05this expertise and training. And as we move from crime on city streets to crime on blockchains and in
02:12cyberspace we're going to need every agent and investigator not just federal but state and local
02:17to also have access to these types of tools and training. And as you mentioned you know cyber criminals
02:22are now using this more and more and will eventually be using this at scale. Every agent investigator who
02:28is investigating these cases tracking them needs to be moving as quickly. So I would say tools and
02:34training primarily and then the other piece is really true public private partnership where you know FBI and
02:40IRS CI and HSI and others are working closely with the private sector to share information to move as
02:46quickly as possible. Thanks very much. Thank you for the question and I love that you're following the
02:52vulnerability discovery. That's awesome. I think, to your point, the criminal ecosystem is using this to scale their
03:01offense. We have to use it to scale our defense and to make that more effective if we're going to keep up.
03:07And there's a lot of ways we can do that from better detecting malware to better understanding the tools and tactics
03:12they're using, better detecting the scam messages. I think if we can enable, as I said, the public-private partnerships,
03:19which we keep repeating, but I think if we can make it easier and much faster to adapt as a criminal ecosystem adapts,
03:26that makes us a lot more effective. And there's so many opportunities. If you even think about all the reports of scams
03:31that maybe we already have access to or law enforcement has access to, if we can just go through that data and find the
03:37trends, using AI to speed up and scale investigations is a way that we can really keep pace with the criminal ecosystem.
03:44One more thing I would add to that is that, you know, historically, and I was a prosecutor for a long time,
03:47we investigate specific cases, right? There's an instance of crime and we need to investigate that
03:52specific case. What this technology really allows us to do is build out networks to understand crime
03:57typologies, to understand sort of where the threat actors are and how they are engaging and what they
04:03would potentially do next. And it really, it's an extraordinary moment when it comes to not just law
04:09enforcement, but how to disrupt adversaries from a national security perspective. So I think with this
04:15technology, and I think you got to this in your question, really enables is not just sort of the
04:18one-off harm that's been done to an individual, but how do we build out networks of cartels, of fentanyl
04:24dealers, of scam networks in Southeast Asia and elsewhere. And this technology, you know, I guess
04:32connected to blockchain intelligence really allows us to do a lot of that today. Interesting. So you can
04:37address crime much more systematically in a more efficient way and more preemptively. And we even see that
04:43today in the actions that are coming from the U.S. Treasury and Department of Justice where they're
04:47going after networks. They're doing civil forfeitures. There was a very large civil forfeiture
04:51complaint filed about two weeks ago by the U.S. Attorney's Office in D.C. against $225 million
04:57involved in pig butchering scams. It was a network. So we're seeing them use it today.
05:04Very interesting. Thanks very much, Mr. Chair. It seems I think there is a role perhaps for us to play in
05:08supporting these public-private partnerships and in facilitating the training and access to
05:13this knowledge and these resources and law enforcement across the country. I yield back.
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