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00:001,200 years ago, a catastrophe struck.
00:16One of the most extraordinary civilizations the world has known disappeared.
00:21Millions of people died. Some were savagely murdered.
00:36Why it happened is a mystery.
00:51This is the story of one man's search for the truth.
01:07For years, Dick Gill has been on a personal quest to discover why the magnificent Maya society collapsed.
01:15Hidden deep in the tropical rainforest of Central America are the ruins of the lost city of Tikal.
01:27It's now deserted, but 1,200 years ago, Tikal stood at the heart of the Maya civilization.
01:45Tikal was one of the greatest cities in the world, home to 100,000 Maya.
01:57They were deeply spiritual, worshipping dozens of gods, of the sun and the moon, the earth and wind, fire and rain.
02:05Their priests were superhuman rulers.
02:14They alone could communicate with the celestial world of the gods.
02:26The Maya lived in what is today southern Mexico and Central America.
02:31From the jungles and plains rose cities and towns, great centers of worship, of art and learning.
02:48The Maya's achievements were staggering.
02:51They developed their own writing and were masters of astronomy and mathematics.
02:55But they were also capable of brutality, sacrificing human victims to appease the gods.
03:10In the 9th century AD, it was a thriving culture.
03:15But then, at the very height of their glory, something terrible happened.
03:20In less than a hundred years, the Maya were all but obliterated.
03:36Tikal and other cities were abandoned forever.
03:39Archaeologists have always been mystified.
03:44Why did a civilization that had lasted for almost 2,000 years disappear in such a short time?
03:55Dick Gill's mission to solve this mystery started in 1968, when a holiday in Mexico changed his life.
04:05I felt this magnetic attraction, and I'm not really sure why, but I did feel it.
04:16And I went home and told everyone that I was going to work with Amaya.
04:21And of course, my friends and family were quite amused by the idea.
04:25Back in Texas, they laughed, because Dick was the most unlikely person to tackle this puzzle.
04:37When I first turned my attention to the collapse of Maya civilization, I was a banker.
04:44And I was really an outsider with respect to the archaeological community.
04:49Archaeologists treated him with derision.
04:55What could a banker tell them that they didn't already know?
04:59Then fate stepped in. The family bank collapsed.
05:03So I gave up banking, and I set out on a quest to resolve the age-old mystery of what happened to the Maya.
05:14What happened to the Maya?
05:22And what happened to the Maya?
05:28The End
05:57As he was now out of a job, Dick went back to college and studied archaeology, devoting his life to solving the riddle of the Maya. First he needed to establish the scale of the disaster. How many people had actually disappeared?
06:13Dick knew just the man to ask.
06:18One of the first archaeologists to encourage Dick was Fred Valdez. Fred has turned his back on the glamorous Maya temples and palaces and instead works with his team deep in the mosquito ridden jungle.
06:39They are looking for traces of the houses where the ordinary Maya lived.
07:01And Fred calculates from the number of stone foundations how many people once lived here. He was amazed.
07:10It was most surprising. Probably the biggest surprise of all for us on the project was how large the population was out away from the major centers.
07:19We are talking millions and millions of ancient inhabitants, there is no doubt.
07:26But suddenly, 1200 years ago, the house building stopped.
07:31The Maya that were living here were very interested in continuing to occupy this particular location.
07:39And they built one house over the other, is what these floors represent. This is where they were living.
07:44And with this last floor, that was the end of their constructions. After that, this place is abandoned.
07:50The mystery is what happened. There is no sign of mass migration. No increase in population anywhere else.
08:11This led Fred to one horrible conclusion.
08:17I would estimate that 80 to perhaps as much as 90% of the population died off at this particular time.
08:29Most of the Maya probably died here in the very place they were born.
08:34It's possible up to 11 million people perished. What could explain how so many died so quickly?
08:57Dick's quest was given an even greater poignancy by a grim discovery.
09:02In 1980, American archaeologist Tom Hester and his team were digging near an ancient Maya palace.
09:27When we began to excavate, it was the most dramatic thing I've ever seen in my career in archaeology.
09:36As we can see here, on the top of the neck, on the top of the back, is one single killing blow.
09:51Oh, my God, what is this? You know, nobody had ever seen anything like this.
10:00They'd found evidence of savage murder at precisely the same time as the Maya collapse.
10:08The scar on the bone shows that the axe that was used, the weapon that was used, came up from the bottom of the body up towards the chin, up towards the back of the ears and the back of the head, right like this.
10:26Binding the skulls and no bodies attached to them was quite a shock.
10:36This is a six-year-old child. And over at the corner of the eyes, there are cut marks. Part of the face, if not all of the face, was removed.
10:51We found thirty. Ten men, ten women, ten children.
11:06What affected me was just the sheer mass of the number of skulls.
11:13The most horrible killing is to a baby, a six-month-old. And on the baby, the killer didn't stop with one blow. It didn't sever the head.
11:29And there's a second chop comes in from the back of the neck and delivered a much deeper, a much stronger blow to the back of the head than to the front.
11:45Truly a horrible, horrible thing.
11:49These killings did not bear the hallmarks of ritual human sacrifice.
12:06The unusual savagery suggested a society in the midst of some cataclysmic shock.
12:12I felt that whatever the explanation for the Maya disappearance was, it had to explain the disappearance of millions of people.
12:26And it had to be something that covered the whole Maya area.
12:29And we're talking about hundreds of miles north and south and east and west.
12:33I looked at a number of different explanations that have been proposed, explanations like warfare and disease and declining agricultural productivity and plant disease and religious inflexibility and on and on.
12:52I've collected over a hundred now.
12:55Dick was unconvinced by any of the conventional theories, which failed to account for the speed and the scale of the Maya collapse.
13:07There must be something else, something the academic world had neglected.
13:12It was then that I turned my attention to natural disasters, to see whether there might be a natural disaster that explained how this great civilization came to an end so quickly.
13:27Dick had one particular disaster in mind, a force of nature with which he is only too familiar.
13:47I'm a Texan. I know what drought can do. I have lived with drought all of my life.
13:57I was a child in the 1950s when Texas was devastated by a serious drought.
14:20I remember my father taking me into the hill country near San Antonio.
14:24I remember seeing the dead and dying animals, the countryside burned to a crisp, the sunny days that went on and on and on without end.
14:36There was nothing that anyone could do.
14:40The drought started when it started and it finally ended when it ended.
14:44It was a very dramatic experience and it is one that is burned into my memory.
15:01And it has left me with a very clear understanding of the awful, devastating, destructive power of drought.
15:18It was going to be difficult for Dick to persuade sceptical archaeologists that the mire had run out of water.
15:42His theory had one very big and rather obvious problem.
15:47Thikal is in the middle of a rain forest.
15:58I can understand why many of my colleagues have difficulty accepting the possibility that drought would occur in many parts of the Maya lowlands.
16:13After all, we're sitting here in Thikal. We're surrounded by high forest.
16:18We've seen parrots flying in and out among the treetops, toucans, their vines hanging out of the branches, their rainstorms all around us today.
16:31It's kind of hard to convince someone that, yes, right here in this spot, they had a terrible drought.
16:37And it wiped out a great civilisation. It's just hard to accept. It's counterintuitive.
16:49But a clue from the present day suggested that Dick's idea might not be quite so outlandish.
17:08Here, the descendants of the few Maya who survived the catastrophe 1,200 years ago are praying for rain.
17:15Secret ceremonies take place at the end of the dry season.
17:25While the women prepare a feast for the gods, the men perform rituals, combining Maya and Christian ceremonies.
17:32Pleading with the gods, just like their ancestors did, not to allow the rains to fail.
17:53Dick went back to Thikal, searching for evidence that the ancient Maya were in fear of drought.
18:03Far from any rivers or lakes, the people of Thikal were completely reliant on the summer rains.
18:08which last for six months of the year.
18:25After six months of the year.
18:27Dick was fascinated to find that the whole city was designed to conserve water.
18:45The plazas and streets were sloping to channel the rain into dozens of reservoirs.
18:52You know the main problems the Mayans had here in Tikal solving the water problem since
18:56we have no rivers, no lakes and no underground waters to cope with that problem.
19:02Dick has enlisted the help of local guide Rufino Ortiz who knows every inch of the city.
19:08As you notice the depth of the reservoir here, we're going to go down on the side of the retaining wall here.
19:14What is this that we're coming down on?
19:16This is one of the largest reservoirs here in Tikal.
19:19Rufino is taking Dick to hidden parts of Tikal, one of the huge ancient reservoirs,
19:25now smothered by jungle.
19:27Do you have any idea how deep it is, Rufino?
19:29Well, from the top to the bottom of the reservoir, there's about 125 feet of depth.
19:35How much water will this hold?
19:37This has the capacity estimated to about 100 million gallons of water here.
19:43But these are rain-fed reservoirs.
19:45This all had to fill up from the rainwater, right?
19:48Exactly, everything is rain-fed here because here in Tikal we don't have lakes and rivers
19:54or underground water, so they had to use the surface areas to channel the water and store
20:00it in these little reservoirs here.
20:02So if they didn't get rain, they were in a world of trouble.
20:04They would have been a terrible problem, exactly so.
20:06So Tikal's only source of drinking water during the dry months were the reservoirs.
20:25If the annual rains failed to fill them, the Maya would be in serious trouble.
20:35So Tikal still needed proof that there had ever been a drought at all, and that took
21:03him to Mexico City.
21:09Hola, soy Dick Gill.
21:10Tengo una cita para revisar datos meteorológicos.
21:1320.25, 19.87, 1, 15, 1.5, 18.75...
21:26Much to his delight, Mexico's meticulous weather records revealed just what he'd hoped to find.
21:336.25, 89.62, 7...
21:40It turns out that in the last century there was one severe drought.
21:45It was really a pretty bad drought.
21:47In fact, it happened in 1902, 1903, and 1904.
21:53And given the fact that really severe drought is so rare, we're really pretty lucky that
21:58it showed up in this 100-year record that we have here.
22:04A drought that lasted three years proved to Dick that severe droughts not only could happen,
22:11but had happened.
22:13This was certainly a very extraordinary moment.
22:17I hoped maybe a pretty bad drought happened at least once.
22:22Maybe it happened twice.
22:24And maybe that other time was when the Maya disappeared.
22:32But one destructive drought in the last 100 years was not enough to hang a whole theory on.
22:38He had to search further back in time.
22:41To delve more deeply into Mexican history, Dick had to visit a most unlikely place, the city prison.
22:57Now the National Archives, it houses a unique collection of handwritten books,
23:03some dating back to the 16th century.
23:06After months of searching, Dick found a number of haunting accounts of devastating droughts
23:26from the Yucatan province of Mexico, the heartland of the ancient Maya.
23:31A great drought also.
23:33Then Typhorris was in time for a storm as the forest died.
23:38That which came was a drought, and then the force of the islands were about.
23:43The sea, when the seas are bad, the sea of a nation.
23:48They shall not decrease them loss, as they shall die of starvation.
23:53As they did all their best, die of their best.
23:56These reports that are contained in these books here are
24:00reports made by the Spanish colonial authorities to their superiors in Mexico City or in Madrid.
24:07And this one, for example, that I found is a plea for help from the authorities in Yucatan.
24:15The crops had been very bad in the year 1795.
24:19They were running out of grain, and they were very much afraid that the terrible death that they had seen so often in the past
24:27was going to repeat itself again.
24:30So they say, send help now.
24:36Dick was now certain that he was on the right track.
24:40friend or
24:46whocrates
24:49took care of in the past.
24:52You can call her back.
24:55And the other ones?
24:58What's going on?
24:59You're right.
25:00You're right.
25:01You're right.
25:02You're right.
25:03You're right.
25:04You're right.
25:05You're right.
25:06He now had evidence of several severe droughts, but that wasn't enough.
25:16There were no records for as far back as the 9th century.
25:30Back at the ranch, Dick's research now took off in a completely new direction.
25:36He studied meteorology and read hundreds of scientific papers
25:41looking for anything that might shed light on the collapse of the Maya.
25:46I don't think climate events happen in isolation.
25:51Weather is part of a global pattern.
25:55So I began looking at ancient climate records from all over the world,
26:01trying to understand what was going on around the world
26:06at the time that the Maya disappeared.
26:08I looked at records from North America, from South America,
26:12from Australia, from Asia, from Europe.
26:17And it was from Europe that he got his breakthrough,
26:23a paper with the catchy little title,
26:25Dendrochronology, Mass Balance and Glacier Front Fluctuations in Northern Sweden.
26:31The dates just leapt out at him.
26:371,200 years ago, at precisely the time when the Maya collapsed,
26:42tree rings in Sweden revealed an exceptionally cold period.
26:46But could freezing weather in Europe be linked to drought in Central America?
26:52The experts were extremely sceptical.
26:56The first thing that I did was to get in contact
26:59with distinguished and respectable meteorologists,
27:04to ask them, well, what kind of a tie can there be here?
27:07No one had really looked at this before.
27:11I seem to have been the first to have stumbled across this.
27:19In fact, I got one letter that said that most meteorologists
27:24would probably find the idea a little far-fetched.
27:31It was nothing more than a hunch.
27:34People get hunches, and they follow up on their hunches.
27:37And this was my hunch that I followed up on,
27:40was that there was a connection.
27:47Dick threw himself back into the record books,
27:50looking for the connection.
27:54The best place to start, he thought,
27:57was one of the weather systems that links Europe and Central America,
28:01the North Atlantic high-pressure system.
28:04It was a daunting task.
28:07As you can see, I got over 1,000 pages of just numbers,
28:10and I almost went blind,
28:12trying to find which was the highest pressure
28:16out of all of these numbers here,
28:18and it was just thousands of pages that I had to go through.
28:26He scoured the records for the 20th century.
28:29It took him over two years.
28:32But what he found was very revealing.
28:42Areas of high pressure are associated with calm, settled weather.
28:46There are high-pressure systems in the North Atlantic.
28:50One in particular normally stays near Europe.
28:53And that's where it was for most of the time.
28:57But Dick discovered that just once during the 20th century,
29:01this system moved towards Central America.
29:04Well, that was a time of severe drought in the Mayalolans.
29:09And it was a period where the coldest Arctic temperatures were recorded for the 20th century.
29:16So Dick had found that weather systems half a world apart could indeed be linked.
29:34Was he at last onto something?
29:40There was only one man who could tell.
29:43Climate modeler Tony Broccoli.
29:48With the computer, I can change the world's climate.
29:55I don't have to go to the polar regions or sweat in the tropics or anything like that.
29:59I can just sit in my office, comfortable and dry,
30:02and perform my experiments.
30:07So at the touch of a button on my keyboard,
30:09I can say, make the sun stronger or brighter
30:13and see what happens to the rains in tropical Africa
30:16or drought in the Midwestern United States.
30:25In his virtual world, Tony has a unique overview of the Earth's climate.
30:32This map shows us the distribution of rain throughout the whole world for a particular time of year.
30:39In this case, this is January.
30:40And one of the interesting features is this rain belt that extends throughout the tropical regions.
30:45As we go through the seasons, January, February, March,
30:55we can see that that tropical rain belt slowly shifts northward.
30:59We see the rains come to Central America during June, July, August, September.
31:14Tony looked at what might shift these tropical rains away from Central America, creating drought.
31:20Here, he starts with the tropical rain belt bang on the top of the equator.
31:29But when he makes the far north colder, the effect is dramatic.
31:35The rain belt is forced south and doesn't reach Central America.
31:39The result is drought.
31:45It would only take a relatively small shift in the average position of that tropical rain belt
31:51to make the difference between abundant summer rains in Central America
31:56and drought conditions in Central America.
31:58Dick was now more convinced than ever that it was drought that had destroyed the mire.
32:20And support for his theory came from a most surprising place.
32:24The frozen north.
32:37Paul Majewski, an expert in ancient climates, was intrigued by Dick's idea about exceptional weather conditions.
32:46Not for him, the warm comfort of an office.
32:48He prefers the freezing landscape of Greenland, where he analyzes chemicals in the ice.
32:57The beauty of the ice cores is that they've built up over the years,
33:01each layer preserving precise evidence of past climates.
33:05If we walked outside right now, we'd be able to tell that it was cloudy,
33:10we would be able to tell that it was cool, and that there wasn't a great deal of wind.
33:15But we wouldn't know about the greenhouse gas content.
33:19We wouldn't know if it was stormy out in the oceans.
33:22We wouldn't be able to tell as richly what we can tell from the ice core record going back through time.
33:29And that's a pretty odd thought when you think about it.
33:33We've captured something that's almost better at telling us about the past
33:36than we're able to tell by going out sniffing the air outside.
33:43Paul has constructed a uniquely accurate history of global weather from his ice cores.
33:49When he heard about Dick's drought theory, he decided to check his cores for the 9th century.
33:54Would he be able to find any evidence of dramatic climate change in the Northern Hemisphere?
34:01The first thing that we looked at was our record of ammonium.
34:07And ammonium is a chemical, it gets up into the atmosphere,
34:11which tells us whether or not there was a lot of vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere.
34:15If there's a lot of vegetation, one assumes it was probably warm and wet.
34:21Low amounts that it was probably drought conditions,
34:26that there weren't a lot of plants, the soils had probably dried up.
34:32And when he looked at the ice that was 1,200 years old, he was astonished.
34:37We found that there was a tremendous drop in ammonium.
34:42They, in fact, had probably not experienced a drought like this
34:47going back 2,000, maybe 3,000 years.
34:50So the ice cores confirmed Dick's hunch.
34:54At exactly the time of the Maya collapse,
34:57it was dry and cold across the Northern Hemisphere.
35:00The very conditions that would indicate drought in the Maya areas.
35:07But archaeologists remained unconvinced.
35:13If there had been such a severe drought,
35:18why was there no record of it in the Maya's own chronicles?
35:22But archaeologists remained unconvinced.
35:28If there had been such a severe drought,
35:32why was there no record of it in the Maya's own chronicles?
35:35The Maya carvings tell of great battles of ruling dynasties and all-powerful gods.
35:45But on drought, they are silent.
35:48The Maya carvings tell of great battles of ruling dynasties and all-powerful gods.
35:51But on drought, they are silent.
35:53I decided to see whether the Maya had written anything about drought.
35:54We don't find anything on their monuments and buildings,
35:55but I thought that if drought were a drought,
35:56they are silent.
35:57I decided to see whether the Maya had written anything about drought.
36:05We don't find anything on their monuments and buildings,
36:10but I thought that if drought were a regular part of Maya life,
36:27that they must have written about it somewhere.
36:29Then he had a stroke of luck.
36:33He came across this rare manuscript written by the Maya,
36:37one of the few that had not been destroyed by the Spaniards.
36:40So I came to this Maya book to see whether there was any discussion of drought.
36:48And right here on the last page, there it is.
36:52There is a hieroglyphic symbol for drought.
36:56They did write about drought.
36:58It was an ongoing part of their life, and there it is, right there.
37:03It was just what he'd hoped to find, a voice from the past.
37:17But despite all the evidence he was accumulating,
37:20Dick's theory was still being questioned by archaeologists.
37:26Drought as a solution to the Maya collapse has been very difficult for
37:32most of my colleagues in archaeology to accept.
37:36The current theories about the collapse of advanced civilizations
37:41are that you have to have a very complex explanation,
37:47and that an idea as simple as the idea of drought is too simple,
37:52and is probably proposed by a simpleton.
38:02But the final proof Dick was so desperately seeking was just around the corner.
38:17Out of the blue came a discovery made by three geologists,
38:21who had no particular interest in the history of the Maya.
38:23A team from the University of Florida happened to be researching climate history
38:32at their favorite location, the Yucatan in Mexico.
38:38Our basic research really is to try to understand how climate,
38:42how the climate of the Yucatan has changed through the last several thousand years.
38:46and in particular we're interested in how rainfall may have varied over that time period.
38:56The focus of their attention is the bottom of the lake,
39:00where the mud holds the secrets of past climates.
39:02They take a core right down through the mud, layers and layers of sediment,
39:18which have built up over thousands of years.
39:21We're taking it up from the bottom using these screwed together rods,
39:25and at the bottom of this we'll have, we hope, a tube full of sediment.
39:32Sediments are a great trap of environmental information.
39:36Sediments will collect things like pollen and snail shells,
39:41bits of leaves and twigs.
39:46As they brought one core out of the water, they were amazed.
39:50Straight away they could see evidence of a severe drought.
39:55And we have some very nice gypsum bands toward the base of this core.
39:59They indicate very dry periods, extreme drought in the area,
40:03when the lake level fell very low sometime in the past.
40:10Back in the lab, there was another surprise.
40:14This time it came from the tiny snail shells found in the mud.
40:17Locked in the shells are two sorts of oxygen from the lake water,
40:23a heavy one and a light one.
40:26Plenty of rain and the light oxygen dominates.
40:29More of the heavy oxygen means it was dry.
40:33When they analysed the snails, they were astonished.
40:37They found a surge of heavy oxygen.
40:39It was the worst drought in the last 7,000 years.
40:48OK, let's do it very gently.
40:55But they had no way of knowing exactly when this apocalyptic drought had happened.
40:59Then they had a stroke of luck.
41:05Right in the middle of the driest part of the mud core,
41:08they found what they needed.
41:11A single seed.
41:15They sent it to be dated.
41:24When I actually looked at the result for the first time,
41:29it really was a Eureka experience.
41:32I knew at that moment that this drought coincided with the collapse of Maya civilization in the 9th century AD.
41:41When I heard the news, there was a tremendous sense of relief.
41:56Here was the evidence that finally supported my theory.
42:02When I first proposed my theory, there was no physical evidence from the Maya lowlands itself.
42:08There was nothing in the dirt or in the lake cores that I could point to that said,
42:14Look, this demonstrates that they had a terrible drought here.
42:19But finally, here it was.
42:21It was a sense of relief mixed with excitement, too.
42:25As long as my theory was just a theory, I think that some of my colleagues in archaeology were skeptical, which I understand.
42:42But when we finally had hard evidence from the ground in the Maya lowlands, I felt that maybe, at last, people would start to take my theory seriously.
42:56I think it was a good idea.
43:01Dick had gathered clues from around the world, from the frozen north to tropical Central America, from rare Spanish documents to an ancient Maya book.
43:12But it was the Mexican late core that gave him the clinching scientific evidence.
43:16Final proof that the glorious Maya civilization had been destroyed by the awful forces of nature.
43:28It's a chilling scenario.
43:31As the drought tightened its grip, the Maya people would have turned to their ruling priests.
43:35With their superhuman powers, and their direct access to the gods, they should have saved the Maya.
43:47But the priests proved to be powerless.
43:54And it's this that may explain why 30 men, women, and children were so savagely massacred.
44:06You've got 10 adult males, 10 adult females, and 10 children.
44:14It just screams that it's an extended family.
44:19Small inherited details in the teeth confirmed Diane's suspicion.
44:24The men were related.
44:26Not only that, the teeth showed that this was no ordinary family.
44:30Some teeth had been carefully filed to make them pointed.
44:33One even had an inlay of a precious stone.
44:39Among the Maya, really, this is a status symbol.
44:43It's something that the upper classes did to show who they were.
44:51The common folk, the rural populations, didn't practice this.
44:55The massacred family may well have come from the elite priests whose powers had failed.
45:13Sacrificed, perhaps, to appease the gods.
45:15Even after the murders, the frenzy and brutality continued.
45:25This is the skull of a young adult female.
45:31The skull has been burned.
45:33You can see the charring, the black, shiny black, indicates that the bone was burned at a low temperature while the bone was fresh, while it was green.
45:48That's what we call green, when it's very close to the time of death.
45:52Nothing could save the Maya from the horror that enveloped them.
46:11Their gods had betrayed them.
46:12The reservoirs were empty.
46:15There was no drinking water.
46:17Their crops had failed.
46:19There was nothing to eat.
46:22The Maya civilization was destroyed.
46:25When drought afflicts an area, it's really all-powerful.
46:40And human beings are very helpless, powerless in their ability to do anything about it.
46:47You can't govern better in order to avoid drought.
46:56You can't carry on religious ceremonies better.
47:01You can't have better agricultural practices in your fields to avoid drought.
47:08When drought hits, it's not the people themselves that are at fault.
47:13And there's nothing that they can do.
47:14They are the victims.
47:15They are not the perpetrators of the problem.
47:26Today, the Maya who survived this ancient apocalypse still perform some of their ancestral ceremonies.
47:32But they never returned to their once-glorious cities, which were abandoned forever.
47:46There's a certain satisfaction that I have finally understood what happened to the Maya, but as a human being, it's awful to think about what happened to those people and how the civilization finally came to an end.
48:04Don't tell us, it's like, it's commercial.
48:06But the time is not to be divided.
48:07I don't think so.
48:08I'm never going to be divided by someone who was the closest to the mountain, or not my world who was the closest to one.
48:09I don't know.
48:10I'll see you in the morning and at the night, I'll see you in the morning.
48:12But I'm not going to be divided by someone who's in place.
48:13I guess I'll see you in the morning.
48:14I'm getting a lot of minutes later on.
48:16I'm still waiting to be divided by someone who's in this world.
48:17It's quite a bit hard.
48:20You're constantly making a lot of progress.
48:23I'm not going to be why.
48:25Transcription by CastingWords
48:55CastingWords
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