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Czy UE może stworzyć jednolite zasady ograniczające dawstwo nasienia i komórek jajowych?

Liczba dzieci poczętych dzięki dawcom nasienia w Europie nieustannie rośnie, ale niedawne kontrowersje związane z tak zwanymi „super dawcami” skłoniły niektóre kraje UE do żądania wprowadzenia jasnych regulacji i międzynarodowych limitów dotyczących dawstwa nasienia i komórek jajowych.

CZYTAJ WIĘCEJ : http://pl.euronews.com/2025/07/15/czy-ue-moze-stworzyc-jednolite-zasady-ograniczajace-dawstwo-nasienia-i-komorek-jajowych

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00:00Muzyka
00:14Donor-conceived births are on the rise in Europe, and it's a cross-border business.
00:19Experts say it's because people want children when they're older, without a partner, and in same-sex couples.
00:26But recent controversies surrounding so-called super donors have led some EU countries to call for common rules.
00:34We look at the medical and ethical challenges in this episode of EU Decoded.
00:39Each EU country sets a maximum number of children born from a single donor.
00:45This can range from 1 in Cyprus to 15 in Germany.
00:50Some member states prefer to limit the number of families that can use the same donor.
00:55Sweden and Belgium limit this to 6, but Denmark allows up to 12 families.
01:02There is no limit for international donations, however.
01:05There are commercial cryobanks that set voluntary limits, but as many as 75 children have been conceived by the same donor.
01:12These super donors increase the risk of unwitting incest and the spread of genetic abnormalities.
01:20There is also concern about the psychological harm to children who could find out later in life that they have dozens of half siblings.
01:29We asked Europeans if they shared these concerns.
01:32But it's good if you know who the person is.
01:36Because you don't know what the other person brings.
01:38Charakterzüge and mental things.
01:41For me, this is an ethical question.
01:43What do people do with their herbivores?
01:46I should leave their life.
01:51So I personally think that this is a art of medicine, but it's nothing that I advise.
02:01I think that, like all of the important aspects, it will be regulated in the best way possible, in a clear way.
02:09I think that this is something that should be more regulated, in short, and that there is more information, especially in schools, since in Italy there is no one speaks of this.
02:19Euronews' reporter Amandine Hess is here with me now to help us delve deeper into this issue.
02:25Amandine, we've had reports recently of some very controversial cases of sperm donors, particularly in Europe.
02:33Tell us more about some of these cases.
02:35Well, a few weeks ago it has been reported that a Danish donor who was unknowingly carrying a rare genetic mutation that increases the risk of cancer
02:43had helped conceive at least 67 children in Europe, and 10 of them have been diagnosed with cancer.
02:50And then there is the issue of super donors, who help conceive dozens or even hundreds of children.
02:56And it raises concerns because it increases the risk of consanguineous relationships among donor-conceived individuals.
03:03And finally, 50% of egg donation treatments take place in Spain because it has more liberal assisted reproduction laws.
03:12So patients travel there for treatments, but there are some questions on the ethical implication of commercialized egg donation.
03:20There's also the question of anonymity of these donors.
03:23Tell us what the situation is on that across the European Union, and what are some of the ethical questions that arise from this?
03:30For instance, sperm donation is anonymous in Italy, but it's not the case in the Netherlands.
03:35And in some countries, such as Austria, it's semi-anonymous, which means that sperm donation is anonymous only between the donor and the recipients.
03:43Now, because of DNA testing and social media, donors' anonymity can no longer be 100% guaranteed.
03:52So it's more and more common that children can get in touch with their half-siblings or their donor,
03:57and can be challenging for them, but also for their families.
04:01Finally, we know that there's increasing concern among many EU countries, and that they're trying to propose solutions to this.
04:10What are some of the options on the table right now?
04:12Some member states limit the number of children per donor.
04:17Others prefer to limit the number of families per donor to allow them to have biological siblings,
04:22but there is no international limitations, so some commercialized sperm banks have their own voluntary limits,
04:30such as 75 families per donor, but others have not.
04:34So it's not uncommon that some children have more than 100 half-siblings.
04:39So this is the kind of situation that this proposal would prevent.
04:43The human body and its parts cannot generate financial profit, according to the Orbeido Convention.
04:49Commercial cryobanks earn revenues based on services related to the handling, freezing, and storage of sperm and eggs,
04:57as well as through tests to screen potential donors.
05:01Some companies have online catalogs that disclose basic donor details,
05:05such as ethnicity, eye and hair color, height, weight, and occupation.
05:11Clients can pay a higher fee to access more complete profiles.
05:15Nuestra invitada es Elena Nevado del Campo, eurodiputada del Partido Popular Europeo
05:21y miembro de la Comisión de Salud Pública.
05:24¿Hasta qué punto pueden las instituciones de la Unión Europea establecer un cupo para estas donaciones,
05:31dado que la salud es, ante todo, una cuestión de jurisdicción nacional?
05:35Tenemos un reglamento que se aprobó recientemente en el 2024 sobre normas de calidad y seguridad de sustancias de origen humano
05:47destinadas a la aplicación precisamente en el ser humano.
05:51Y ese reglamento, que es de obligado cumplimiento para todos los Estados miembros,
05:56también recoge la donación y el esperma y los ovocitos para la reproducción humana.
06:03Por lo tanto, yo sí que creo que podemos establecer un marco más global
06:08con la prudencia que la propia Comisión Europea, a través de doña Sandra Galina, ha señalado.
06:15¿Ve usted útil la creación de registros nacionales
06:19que contribuían luego a un registro central europeo para donaciones transfronterizas?
06:25Muchas leyes a nivel nacional ya prevén el establecimiento de estos registros,
06:32pero realmente muchos no se han puesto en marcha.
06:37Iría más allá. Casi que por una cuestión de ética deberían establecerse registros de carácter internacional,
06:46puesto que estas donaciones traspasan las fronteras también de la propia Unión Europea.
06:52Las empresas que recolectan y comercializan esperma y óvulos afirman que faltan donantes.
06:58¿Cuál podría ser el impacto de establecer nuevos límites?
07:02Estamos hablando de la protección de la infancia
07:06y el derecho a saber si a través de estas respuestas,
07:11dada la baja natalidad que azota también a Europa,
07:16puede dar lugar a transmisión de algún tipo de enfermedades.
07:19Por lo tanto, frente a esta actitud de los bancos,
07:24tenemos que ir más allá y pensar que hay que establecer esas medidas de calidad y de seguridad
07:31para proteger la salud humana y la infancia.
07:34La negociación de la frontera del barco y la infancia
07:37probablemente continúe a avanzar,
07:39pero las preocupaciones médicas y éticas son significan que nuevas reglas son requeridas y rápido.
07:44Pero es no claro lo que no pueden hacer.
07:47De ahora, ocho países de los bancos de la frontera
07:49están llamando a Brussels
07:50para considerar una caja en el número de niños
07:53que puede ser concebido por un donor.
07:56Muzyka

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