Pregnancy in females positive for hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) presents unique challenges, primarily due to the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Comprehensive and vigilant medical management is paramount to safeguard both the mother's health and prevent the vertical transmission of these viruses to the newborn.
For pregnant individuals with Hepatitis B, universal screening during early pregnancy is crucial. If positive, further tests, particularly for viral load (HBV DNA), are essential. High viral loads significantly increase the risk of transmission. The cornerstone of prevention for the newborn involves a combination of the hepatitis B vaccine (birth dose) and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG), administered ideally within 12 hours of birth. This immediate post-exposure prophylaxis can reduce the transmission risk by over 90%. Furthermore, for mothers with very high viral loads, antiviral medication (like tenofovir) may be prescribed during the third trimester of pregnancy to further suppress the virus and minimize the risk of transmission during delivery. Regular monitoring of the mother's liver health throughout pregnancy and postpartum is also vital, as a postpartum flare of hepatitis can occur.
In cases of Hepatitis C, while the risk of mother-to-child transmission is generally lower than for HBV (around 3-10%), there are currently no universally recommended antiviral treatments during pregnancy to prevent MTCT due to limited safety data. Therefore, management focuses on identifying HCV-positive mothers through universal screening and ensuring the newborn is monitored for infection. Invasive obstetric procedures, such as fetal scalp electrodes, should ideally be avoided to reduce potential exposure. After delivery, both the mother and the infant should be linked to appropriate care. For the mother, this often involves considering direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in the postpartum period, especially after breastfeeding is complete, to cure the infection. For the infant, screening for HCV RNA typically occurs at several months of age to determine if transmission has occurred.
Across both infections, a multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, hepatologists, and pediatricians is critical. Education and counseling for expectant mothers regarding the risks, preventive measures, and follow-up care are integral to ensuring the best possible outcomes for both the mother and her baby. The goal is to proactively manage the viral infection, minimize transmission risks, and provide comprehensive care that extends well beyond delivery. #Healthsrainbows, #healths, #healthrainbow, #healthsrainbow, #healthsrainbowprivatelimited For more information you can visit our youtube and website. Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/@healthsrainbow4897 website : www.healthsrainbow.com
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