Kazajstán crea el Instituto de Investigación del Mar Caspio en plena crisis medioambiental

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Kazajstán crea el Instituto de Investigación del Mar Caspio en plena crisis medioambiental

En este episodio de 'Modern Nomads', nos centramos en el Mar Caspio. Compartido por cinco países costeros —Rusia, Azerbaiyán, Irán, Turkmenistán y Kazajstán—, el tesoro regional se enfrenta a un descenso crítico del nivel del mar.

En colaboración con MDQ

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00:00Once a vital point along the ancient Silk Road, the Caspian Sea is now home to several major seaports.

00:09It remains one of Kazakhstan's greatest natural treasures and a grown environmental concern.

00:14Welcome to Kazakhstan. Welcome to Modern Nomads.

00:18We are beginning this episode in the Mangastao region, where the land meets the Caspian Sea.

00:31Over the past two decades, the sea level has dropped by more than two meters.

00:36How long is this distance?

00:44Well, it's about 300-400 meters.

00:50With few other job opportunities, the town of Fort Shevchenko and nearby villages rely heavily on fishing.

00:58But as the water recedes, this vital source of livelihood is under threat.

01:03We are going to the sea. We are going to the sea.

01:06The sea is about 50 kilometers. There is no fish here. There is no fish here.

01:10It's not just livelihoods that are vanishing.

01:17The crisis reshapes the entire ecosystem.

01:20The Caspian Sea, the only mammal native to this region and found nowhere else on Earth,

01:26has seen its population drop by 90% over the past century.

01:30Along just one kilometer of this shoreline, we counted nearly 60 dead seals.

01:35Each time the western wind blows in from the sea, it brings bodies to the land.

01:40For ecologists, the Caspian Sea is a key indicator of the sea's overall health.

01:46But as water levels continue to retreat, its habitat is disappearing.

01:50As we head down the Caspian coastline to the regional hub of Aktau, the scenery becomes less bleak.

02:00But despite the vibrant atmosphere, the signs of the shrinking sea are clear.

02:04We visit the regional hydrometeorological service to find out just how serious the situation is.

02:10The Caspian Sea, shared by five coastal countries, Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan,

02:37has experienced major fluctuations in sea level.

02:41In 1977, it reached its lowest level in more than 120 years, minus 29.01 meters.

02:50After that, there was progress, but then sea level started falling again.

02:55Experts say this decline is reaching a critical point.

02:58The Volga river flows entirely through Russia, and with rising regional temperatures,

03:21experts say real cooperation and deeper research from all Caspian countries are urgently needed.

03:27The Tehran Convention is meant to protect the Caspian's environment,

03:47prevent pollution and ensure a sustainable use of its resources.

03:51Kazakhstan is calling for stronger regional cooperation to turn those goals into action.

03:56As for the marine inhabitants, local NGOs are stepping in.

04:25The Central Asian Institute for Environmental Research, together with local and international scientists,

04:31carried out 10 field missions to study the Caspian seal and assess its health.

04:36Their findings help place the seal on the red list, a key step toward its protection.

04:42From its side, the government is launching the Caspian Sea Research Institute.

04:46The new center will focus on studying sea level decline, protecting the Caspian seal,

04:51and working with other coastal nations to preserve the region's unique ecosystem.

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