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  • 16/06/2025
Documentary, Genetic history of P1-M45 Native American migration - R1 & Q people passing the Bering Strait 2
Link; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas

Haplogroups Q and R, specifically subclades of P1-M45, are key markers in the genetic history of Native American migration from Asia. P1-M45 is believed to have originated in Central Asia or Siberia. Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) is dominant among Native Americans, while R (R-M207) is more prevalent in Europe and Central Asia. The presence of these haplogroups, particularly R1 subclades, in both North America and Siberia suggests a prehistoric migration from Asia.
Here's a more detailed look:
Haplogroup P1 (P-M45):
This is the parent haplogroup of both Q and R, with basal P1* found in Siberia and Central Asia.
Haplogroup Q (Q-M242):
This haplogroup is a primary lineage among Native Americans, likely arriving in the Americas via Beringia during a prehistoric migration.
Haplogroup R (R-M207):
While R is not as prevalent in the Americas as Q, it is present and shares a common ancestor with Q in P1-M45. R1 subclades, especially R1b, are commonly found in Europe and have also been identified in North America, suggesting a connection to migrations from Asia.
Migration Patterns:
One theory suggests an initial migration from southern central Siberia into the Americas, extending southward, followed by a later migration from eastern Siberia to North and Central America.
Ancestry:
Native American ancestry is a mix of East Asian and Paleolithic Siberian (Ancient North Eurasian) lineages, with the Ancient North Eurasian component potentially linked to the R haplogroup.
Further Research:
The specific migration routes and the relationships between R subclades in different populations are still areas of ongoing research.

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Transcript
00:00The Chukchi's ancestors had followed the reindeer eastwards.
00:07After thousands of years, they ended up here at the eastern tip of Russia.
00:13But they couldn't go any further and were forced to make this inhospitable corner of the world their home.
00:19The ebb and flow of Chukchi life is determined entirely by the reindeer that they herd.
00:34The things they eat, the clothes they wear, even the dwellings they live in, they all come from the reindeer.
00:40And this time of your life is getting pretty difficult, so the herd needs to move on so that it can scrape subsistence out of the snow-covered ground here.
00:49What we're seeing right now is the village packing up to move on after the herd.
00:55Herding the reindeer together and pulling a few of them off so that they can drag the sledges with the tents.
01:10Chocolateτ 놈
01:12Blackвон
01:14Polar
01:15Anchor
01:16Pepper
01:21Mia
01:26Volunteer
01:27Dot
01:28Plence
01:30Av
01:35Plence
01:36The
01:37M
01:37Victor and his family are moving off, following their reindeer to new pastures, living proof
02:05that humans can adapt and survive in these extremes, and a lesson in just how little we really need to get by.
02:16But there's more. My genetic trail tells me that around 15,000 years ago, a tiny group of these Chukchi's ancestors survived to make an impossible leap into the new world.
02:28A journey which began with Niazov's family in Central Asia, then moved east along the length of Russia, left the ancestors of these incredibly tough Chukchi poised to conquer a new continent.
02:46But there was a seemingly impassable barrier to their route.
02:57The frozen reaches of the Bering Sea separate Russia from the Americas.
03:02We're here at the Bering Strait, and it is unbelievably cold here, clogged with ice for about six months of the year.
03:12Not even an icebreaker can get through.
03:15And yet we know that the ancestors of the Native Americans made it through here about 15,000 years ago, at the height of the last ice age.
03:23How could they have made a trip like that?
03:25I've followed the trail of the first humans from Africa to the eastern tip of Russia.
03:38I've met their descendants, the Chukchi.
03:43But blocked from reaching America by the Bering Sea, I can go no further.
03:50Yet I know the blood of these Arctic herdsmen connects them to Native Americans.
03:55How did they get there?
03:57In an ironic twist, the ice age that drove us out of Africa now provided the Chukchi's ancestors with an escape route.
04:05As temperatures fell and sea levels dropped, a new landmass called Beringia was exposed from beneath the Bering Sea.
04:13This new land connected the Russian Far East to Alaska.
04:19The reindeer headed for new pastures.
04:22The few survivors followed them, taking mankind into uncharted territory, into the new world.
04:31The sea level was very much lower, about you could build a 40-story building, you know, to tell you how much the sea level had changed.
04:40But they couldn't go very far.
04:42They were sort of stuck in northern Alaska because of all the ice.
04:45And behind them, things weren't much better.
04:49As the ice age came to an end, sea levels rose again, marooning the first Americans on a tiny pocket of land.
04:56Yet they survived.
04:58An escape route appeared.
04:59The first Americans arrived here only about 13,000 years ago.
05:03And they probably walked from Alaska down a corridor that existed certainly about 11,000 years ago along the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains.
05:14There may have still been ice to the east and the west, but there was an ice-free corridor that they could have walked down.
05:19And they arrived in North America.
05:21It was essentially an empty environment from their perspective with lots of rich resources.
05:31A journey that had begun in Africa, divided in Central Asia, had now reached the last continent.
05:38For thousands of years, they had endured the most extreme conditions on Earth.
05:42And now, this branch of mankind had found a new home.
05:45Our ancestors were pretty tough people.
05:51They'd survived drought, famine, and an ice age in order to get this far.
05:56Yet our genetic results tell us that the first group to make it through to the Americas had been whittled down to as few as 10 or 20 individuals.
06:03Today, their descendants are carrying, written in their DNA, evidence of those hardships thousands of years ago.
06:09But when they did get through, what was their reward?
06:12A land of plenty.
06:16They'd never had it so good.
06:27After 10,000 years of struggling through the tundra, these Arctic hunters hit the jackpot.
06:32As the ice gave way to the rolling prairies, they found a new land in which to live and prosper.
06:44Their numbers swelled, and in only 800 years, they had people both North and South America.
06:49I'm off to meet an ancient tribe who traced their family line back to Siberia, to the ancestors of the Chukchi, who made that first migration into the Americas.
07:02They're the Navajo, and they live here in Canyon de Chez, Arizona.
07:08The Navajo Indians have been living in North America ever since their Chukchi ancestors first arrived.
07:14Canyon de Chez is one of their most sacred sites.
07:16I wanted to tell them about the genetic trail that had led me to them.
07:24But I soon learned they had migration stories of their own.
07:29Thanks a lot for inviting me up here to your place.
07:32You're welcome.
07:33Enjoy having me.
07:34It's gorgeous here.
07:36We're glad to share the information about our place here.
07:41Can you tell me a little bit about the place, how long you've lived here?
07:43This is the junction of Canyon de Chez.
07:48We got this piece of land from my great-grandfather.
07:53This is our hogan.
07:55Oh, yeah.
07:56We have a story of where we came from, and our story, our origin is a very sacred story, and it's passed on through generations, and that's your life and your way of where you came from.
08:18And I'm sure that these two have some other information, too.
08:25Phil Bluehouse explained.
08:28Well, adding to what Leti has to say, there is a creation and journey narrative that we go back to, and this narrative is quite sacred.
08:38It talks about the event of creation, we call that a hajine in Navajo, or at the time of beginning.
08:48Do you have any stories about where the ancestors, the ancestors of everyone, may have come from?
08:52It depends on how you, there are discussions about migrations.
08:58I mean, when we migrate from our mother onto the earth's surface, that is a migration narrative.
09:03I mean, we come from one being to another.
09:05That's a migration.
09:07If we believe that we were created here in the Four Sacred Mountain area, this is where we came up from the ground.
09:13In other words, we were birthed into this place, just like we are all birthed by our mother.
09:20I also have my own sense of what that story might be using science.
09:24I'm a geneticist.
09:25And everybody around the world is very closely related to each other.
09:29We're all part of one big family.
09:32In fact, we're all related to people who lived in Africa as recently as 50,000 years ago.
09:37That's only about 2,000 generations.
09:39So you have distant relatives living all over the world who are essentially African.
09:47And you yourselves are essentially African.
09:50So am I.
09:51Can I show you some pictures of some of the people we've met?
09:54Yeah.
09:55These are people known as the San Bushmen who live in southern Africa.
10:01And they are some of the oldest people on the planet.
10:06Are these the people that have that clicking sound?
10:08Exactly.
10:09Yeah.
10:09Okay, exactly.
10:10Fascinating people.
10:12Now, the evidence is that the first people who left Africa followed a coastal migration route
10:19along the south coast of Asia, and they ended up in Australia.
10:24The Australian Aborigines.
10:26So you're basing this on the genetic trail.
10:31Exactly.
10:31Now, these people who were in Australia, they mainly were more together as a group.
10:42More cohesive.
10:43More cohesive.
10:44There are lots of different populations in Australia speaking very different languages.
10:48They have different cultures, different myths.
10:50Why do you call something that people will tell you a myth, as opposed to an experience that
10:57they had and they relive it over and over, rather than calling it a myth, would be able
11:01to call it something else?
11:03Because I have a real strong feeling about that, that if you call something a myth, it's
11:09a substandard event that does not have any relevance, because they are real as we understand
11:15them.
11:16They're not myths.
11:17Absolutely.
11:17That's a very good point.
11:18And my bias as a scientist is that I like to see evidence for things.
11:22Yeah.
11:23Okay.
11:23So that was the first migration out of Africa, according to the genetic results.
11:28Now, the next one followed a slightly different route, one that went inland.
11:31I'm getting pretty good at this.
11:33Of course, it helps that I brought the family album along.
11:35And this man is a direct descendant of a person who lived in Central Asia about 35 to 40,000
11:42years ago.
11:43Wow.
11:43And his ancestor is also the ancestor of most Europeans and Native Americans.
11:49Wow.
11:50He's a man called Niazov, who lives in Kazakhstan.
11:53Are you the same person that did some research, I noticed on the internet, that says that the
11:58Native American people are somehow connected to Central Europe?
12:01Yes, Central Asia.
12:02Central Asia.
12:02Yeah.
12:03That was a paper that we published last year.
12:05Okay.
12:05That's good to know.
12:07What do you think of that?
12:08I, you know, there's, and I was looking at a book from people from Central Asia, and
12:15I saw my cousin Emmett and Abraham, Auntie Grandma Buggy, and I said, my God, I got family
12:23over there in Central Asia.
12:24These were the Mongolian people.
12:25Yeah.
12:26Central Asians.
12:27Yeah.
12:27Oh, yeah.
12:28That's it right there.
12:30In the eye, he looks like Oriental, and then he's got Negro features to some extent,
12:35and also Caucasian, kind of all mixed together.
12:40That's interesting.
12:41Very interesting.
12:42These are the Chukchi people, and they're your distant cousins.
12:44They're still in Siberia.
12:45They're still living in northeastern Siberia.
12:47I visited them recently.
12:50Oh, they're the ones that have this.
12:52With the reindeer.
12:53With the reindeer.
12:53Reindeer.
12:54Reindeer.
12:55Uh-huh.
12:55I've seen them on TV.
12:58Their home is...
12:59Yeah, their home looks like a TV.
13:01And the results show that they are your ancestors.
13:04They ultimately made that trip across the Bering Strait into the Americas.
13:08Wow.
13:08About how tall were these guys here?
13:11Um, about 5'8", 5'6", 5'8".
13:14Yeah.
13:14About the tallest?
13:15Yeah.
13:16Uh-huh.
13:17And by looking at the genetic data, we can estimate that as few as 10 or possibly 20 people
13:23were in that first group, the first wave of migration into the Americas.
13:26My story about the journey of man came as no surprise to these Navajo.
13:33The idea of migration had been central to their own creation story since the beginning of time.
13:39The point is that somehow we're finally saying, acknowledging one another from the scientific realm
13:45and from the traditional realm, saying that, yeah, the puzzle is starting to fit together.
13:50And we complement each other.
13:51And we're all complementing each other.
13:52And we're all complementing each other.

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