00:00our universe is a vast and mysterious place. It is full of thousands of millions of galaxies,
00:08each one with thousands of millions of stars. But where did it come all this? How did it come all?
00:14The answer, according to the most accepted theory, is the Big Bang. This is not only a theory
00:20about the origin of the stars and galaxies. It is a theory about the origin of everything
00:25that we see our surroundings, the origin of the universe itself. Imagine a time,
00:30a long time, when all the universe was compressed in a single point incredibly cold and dense.
00:36This point, a few called singularity, contained all the matter and energy that eventually
00:43would form everything that we observe today. Then, about 13.800 millions of years,
00:49happened something extraordinary. This point began to expand. This expansion, the Big Bang,
00:56was not an explosion in the traditional sense. It was not material exploding in a
01:01space preexistent. In the meantime, it was the expansion of the space itself. As the space
01:08expand, it was refrigerated and the energy within it began to transform. This transformation
01:15led to the first particles of the first particles, the blocks of construction of all the matter.
01:23The idea of the Big Bang was not appeared in the night to the morning. It came from decades
01:28of scientific observations and theoretical advances. Albert Einstein, with his revolutionary theory
01:34of relativity general, demonstrated that space and time are not static, but they can be
01:40formed and curved by gravity. While Einstein initially favored a static universe, his equations
01:48in reality predict one dynamic and in expansion. In the meantime, the matemático ruso Alexander Friedman,
01:56working independently in the equations of Einstein, found solutions that describe a
02:01universe in expansion. These solutions, initially passed by high, then would be crucial to our
02:09our understanding of the cosmos. The observance observational came from the
02:13astrónomo Edwin Hubble. The observations of Hubble in the decades of the 1920s revealed that
02:19the galaxies are apart from us. Además, the more far away is a galaxy, the faster
02:25it is apart. This observation, now known as the law of Hubble, proporcionated
02:31the first evidence direct of a universe in expansion.
02:33One of the most common concepts of the Big Bang is that it was a explosion in the space. This is
02:43comprensible, but it is not exact. The Big Bang was not an explosion of matter in a
02:49vacuum preexistent. It was the expansion of the space itself. Imagine a globe with
02:55points dibujados in its surface. As the moment they inflate the globe, the points
02:59between them are more and more. The points in them move through the surface.
03:03But rather, the space between them is expanding.
03:06In a similar way, the Big Bang describes the expansion of the space-tiempo,
03:10the tissue of our universe. No there is a central point of the explosion because the
03:15expansion is happening in all parts. As the time the space is expanding and
03:20cold after the Big Bang, the energy began to condense in matter. This process,
03:26guiado por las fuerzas fundamentales de la naturaleza, condujo a la formación de las
03:31primeras partículas, luego átomos y, finalmente, las estrellas y galaxias que
03:36observamos hoy.
03:38La teoría del Big Bang no es sólo una idea convincente. Está respaldada por una gran
03:45cantidad de evidencia observacional. La expansión del universo, como la observó
03:49Hubble, es quizás la evidencia más directa. Luego está la radiación cósmica de fondo de
03:55microondas, un débil resplandor del Big Bang. Esta radiación, descubierta en la década
04:01de los 60, proporciona una instantánea del universo tal como era sólo unos pocos cientos de miles de
04:07años después del Big Bang. Además, la teoría del Big Bang predice con precisión la abundancia de
04:13elementos ligeros como el hidrógeno y el helio en el universo. Las proporciones observadas de estos
04:19elementos coinciden notablemente bien con las predicciones, lo que proporciona un mayor apoyo
04:24a la teoría. Si bien la teoría del Big Bang ha tenido un éxito increíble al explicar el origen y
04:29la evolución de nuestro universo, no responde a todas nuestras preguntas. De hecho, plantea nuevas.
04:36¿Qué pasó antes del Big Bang? ¿Qué causó la expansión inicial? ¿Cuál es la naturaleza de la
04:42materia oscura y la energía oscura, las misteriosas sustancias que parecen constituir la mayor parte de
04:48la masa y la energía del universo? Estas son sólo algunas de las preguntas que continúan impulsando
04:53la investigación cosmológica en la actualidad. La búsqueda para comprender el universo está lejos
04:59de terminar. A medida que continuamos explorando el cosmos con telescopios cada vez más potentes y
05:06teorías sofisticadas, estamos destinados a descubrir aún más sobre la historia de nuestro universo y
05:11nuestro lugar dentro de él.
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