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Gardening Australia S36E15 full episode
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Gardening Australia S36E15 full episode
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00:00WHISTLE BLOWS
00:05Hey! Hi!
00:11Ooh!
00:17Hey!
00:19Ooh!
00:21Hey, buddy.
00:23Hey!
00:24Hello and welcome to Gardening Australia.
00:36It's getting cooler and plant growth is slowing down, but we aren't.
00:41In fact, we're not even taking our usual winter break this year
00:45because we've got so many stories and ideas we want to share.
00:49So let's dive straight into our winter special.
00:55Camellias symbolise love and devotion,
00:58nowhere more than in an Adelaide nursery
01:01where, for the past 120 years,
01:03the same family has been inspired to nurture
01:07these well-loved, old-fashioned garden favourites.
01:11Today I'm sending out an SOS to all you gardeners.
01:15Our native frog populations are being decimated by a fungus.
01:20Here in these tanks is a simple solution.
01:23So join me a little later to find out how we all can be a part of it.
01:29Do you have a spot that doesn't get much sun?
01:31One of the very best for part shade
01:33are the graceful and gorgeous Harden Burgers.
01:36And I'll be giving you some tips on how to grow them
01:38for a showy display.
01:40And we meet a gardener who's transforming his family's large country garden
01:45into areas for relaxation, productivity and a growing business.
01:51While they may be piling on the layers down south,
02:01short sleeves are still the order of the day up north,
02:05and Gerry's soaking up the sunshine in a stunning country garden.
02:10I'm in semi-rural Mount Crosby,
02:16about 30 kilometres south-west of Brisbane City.
02:20The reason I'm here is to see how a bush block
02:23has been converted into a grand cottage garden.
02:26And I can't wait to see what's behind that gate.
02:29Hello, hello.
02:34Hi, Gerry. How are you?
02:35Good to meet you.
02:36Nice to meet you.
02:37Hi, Gerry. Lovely to meet you.
02:38Welcome to Mount Crosby.
02:39Paul and Paula Herbert
02:41bought this one-and-a-quarter-acre bush block 18 years ago.
02:45This is the crew.
02:46We've got Pip, Bowie and Ziggy,
02:49and they're brothers, these two and the youngest.
02:51Let's go. Thank you.
02:53You've got a lovely balance of light and shade in the garden.
03:01Light and shade does play a big part in the design of it.
03:05And you've got masses of nectar-producing plants,
03:08grevilleas and aloes.
03:10Yes, yes.
03:11They must be great for the birds.
03:12They absolutely love it.
03:14And I love having them come and visit as well, too.
03:17And what they've created is absolutely charming.
03:20Were these grass trees here originally?
03:22No, these were ones that I planted.
03:24They were only just a couple of frongs.
03:26They're probably about 15 years old
03:29and they provide beautiful structure.
03:31And I just love that glaucus colour.
03:33Oh, yeah.
03:34Now, here's a plant you don't see very often.
03:37Variegated Lomandra.
03:39No, you don't often see it in nurseries these days.
03:42It just lifts the garden,
03:44contrasts with the foliage of the darker greens.
03:46And, yeah, it's just a really hardy Lomandra.
03:49Doing just as well in full sun over there as it is here in the shade.
03:54Yeah, very versatile.
03:55And with Lomandra being so popular,
03:57you'd think you'd just see a few more, wouldn't you?
03:59You would do.
04:00But I guess it's not everyone's cup of tea, but I love it.
04:02So, have you always been gardeners?
04:07He hasn't.
04:08But I have, ever since I was a little girl.
04:11I used to get out in Mum and Dad's garden
04:13and clip the hedges with the scissors.
04:15So, always like things nice and neat and perfect.
04:18It's the third garden we've done together now
04:19and it's certainly a partnership now
04:21as opposed to me sort of dragging the chain initially.
04:24You're the ideas department.
04:27Absolutely.
04:28And you're the delivery department.
04:30Feels like it, yeah.
04:31The couple see their garden
04:33as a way to build on Paula's creativity.
04:36She's also a painter and clay artist.
04:39They use all the elements of design
04:42and things like repetition, colour, texture, unity, space.
04:48Now, we've paused.
04:50Next, just some texture.
04:51We have Miscanthus flamingo,
04:54one of my favourite Miscanthus.
04:56I just love the way that it turns
04:58a beautiful orange colour during the winter.
05:01And then you have that contrast
05:03with the variegated foliage of the Carrack's Feather Falls.
05:06I do use this a lot as a repeated plant
05:09and it just creates unity throughout the garden.
05:12So, I've got Gaimia lilies as well,
05:14that nice, strappy foliage that you get
05:16and big foliage as we turn to make statement pieces.
05:19And a clearly defined clump.
05:21Yeah, absolutely.
05:22Groups of three.
05:23I notice you've got a lot of Casuarina here as well.
05:26I do, the Green Wave.
05:27It's beautiful.
05:28Loves the wet, loves the dry.
05:30I shape it or you can leave it to just do its thing
05:33so it becomes nice and fluffy, beautiful texture,
05:36very versatile.
05:37I have a bit of a passion for them.
05:39I have 90.
05:41We have 90?
05:43Oh, my goodness.
05:44That's more than I thought.
05:45Wow.
05:46So, who trims them?
05:48Me.
05:49Oh, right.
05:50So, you've counted.
05:51Best thing ever.
05:52Yeah.
05:53And she absolutely loves it.
05:59I don't have a horticultural background,
06:01but I ended up working in horticulture
06:03and that's just basically because I used to visit the local nursery
06:06and got quite friendly with the staff there
06:08and was offered a job there.
06:10So, I feel I'm very lucky to be able to be in the industry.
06:14What a fantastic way of getting a job.
06:17Oh, absolutely.
06:18I think it's the best, you know.
06:20Going from paying them to them paying you.
06:22Well, I do spend a lot of that money back at the nursery,
06:28as you can tell, but I absolutely love it.
06:30One of the things that I look forward to is every day Paula comes home from work
06:33because, you know, they never know what's going to be in the back of the ute,
06:36which dictates what our weekends might look like for the next few weeks.
06:40So, it's always exciting.
06:43The gardens are roughly defined by small open areas of grass
06:47interspersed with large ornamental garden bed plantings,
06:51all framed by hedges.
06:53And they're not just, you know, straight lines.
06:55We've chosen to, you know, bring some curves and some personality into it
06:58and little swoops and what have you,
07:00which sort of create, you know, rooms and a bit of fun
07:03and playfulness in the garden.
07:05Mount Crosby sits 182 metres above sea level
07:09and while the elevation creates opportunities...
07:12Being that little bit west of Brisbane
07:14and getting that cooler temperature,
07:16we're able to grow the Manchurian pears,
07:19snow pears, weeping mulberries, lots of deciduous trees.
07:24It also presents some challenges.
07:26We do get a really strong south-east prevailing wind
07:29and it sort of kicks in, especially in summer, quite strongly.
07:32We sort of had to counter that with hedging
07:34to sort of slow the wind down and protect some of the gardens as well.
07:37Tell me about the Mariah hedges.
07:40I know it's not everyone's favourite
07:41and it's not the most environmentally friendly
07:43because it can quite easily set seed in our natural bush,
07:47but we're very diligent in actually taking off that seed
07:51if it does produce the seed.
07:52So trimming it back absolutely helps eradicate that.
07:56I love the way you've married the garden with the original forest.
08:01When we got here, it was a real dust bowl
08:03with just the eucalypt trees and a few grasses
08:06and sort of over the years we've taken advantage of the elevation
08:09and the height of the gum trees
08:10and incorporated the gardens around them.
08:12And a lot of unsung heroes happening in the garden as well too.
08:15I love my rosemary.
08:16Oh yes.
08:17Really hardy.
08:18They love the dry
08:19and they don't mind being planted underneath these eucalypts.
08:22I've seen them all over the place and they work really well.
08:27So what's this building over here?
08:29So that's our chook shed.
08:31So this has been repurposed for an old kids' cubby house
08:35we built many years ago.
08:36We've even got a chandelier in there
08:37because, you know, all chooks need a bit of glamour in their life.
08:40Oh, bless.
08:41They've got cathedral roofs and a chandelier.
08:43They do, yeah, yeah.
08:45You both clearly love a project.
08:48Would you say your garden's actually complete?
08:51There's always something to do
08:52and, yeah, that's what we choose to do.
08:54It helps us relax
08:55and I think brings a bit of joy to our friends and family as well.
08:58This is my outlet that I, you know,
09:00fortunately get to express myself.
09:02I'm very lucky, you know, that I get to use this as my canvas.
09:13How can you ripen late season tomatoes
09:18when winter is just around the corner?
09:20Well, as you can see in my tray,
09:22you can harvest tomatoes at different stages.
09:25Everything from quite red to really green.
09:28As long as they have a tiny red blush on them,
09:30you can actually harvest them, take them inside,
09:33lay them out in a single layer in your kitchen bench
09:35and they'll ripen beautifully over three to seven days.
09:38And most importantly,
09:40their flavour is not compromised at all.
09:44Should I panic if mushrooms pop up in a pot plant?
09:47Well, in most cases, no.
09:49I mean, fungi are an amazing kingdom of their own
09:53and they have such an important role in the natural world.
09:56Many of them are mycorrhizal,
09:57which means they attach to the root system of the plant
10:00and extend those roots.
10:01They help them take up moisture and nutrients.
10:04In other cases, like I suspect is happening here,
10:06they actually work to break down dead materials.
10:09So they live in our soil and our forests
10:12and they turn things like wood
10:14and break it down into organic matter.
10:16That's what I reckon is happening here.
10:17You've got potting mix,
10:18which is made from a composted bark.
10:20That's what the fungi is doing in this pot.
10:23So really, this little plant,
10:25well, it's two great organisms for the price of one.
10:28Why do we use different fertilisers for our Australian native plants?
10:33Native plants in our country have adapted really well to poor soils,
10:37very low in nutrients.
10:39In fact, this banksia, it's a member of the proteaceae family,
10:43like the grevilleas and the haecias.
10:45Well, this banksia, if you put that into your veggie garden
10:48that you've been feeding up with lots and lots of nutrients,
10:51especially phosphorus, that probably would kill this whole plant.
10:55The banksia will just keep on gobbling up the phosphorus
10:58and that's what will kill it.
10:59Kill it quite quickly too.
11:00You've really got to watch it.
11:02So every now and again, twice a year say,
11:04you can give them a little bit of very low to no phosphorus fertiliser.
11:09You can see on the back, this one's got no phosphorus at all.
11:13And just a small handful like that
11:15and that'll just give them a nice little kick along.
11:30This is Fauna Park in the grounds of Sydney's Macquarie University
11:34and it's dedicated to the study of lizards, birds, fish and spiders.
11:40But the reason I'm here today is to find out about some incredible research
11:45that's helping save our native frogs from extinction,
11:49especially our green and golden bell frog.
11:53Anthony Waddell is a US born PhD science fellow
11:57and conservation biologist in the applied biosciences department.
12:02He set up research to tackle a fungus that is killing off frog species.
12:09Anthony, great to meet and what a space.
12:13Frogs are really special to me.
12:15Yeah.
12:16They're part of my life, my backyard,
12:18but you know, you're really out there resolving some big problems.
12:23Yeah.
12:24So my research is working on chytrid fungus.
12:27Chytrid is an invasive aquatic pathogen
12:30and it has an infectious spore that swims through water,
12:33finds a frog and it attacks its skin
12:35and destroys its ability to hold on to water
12:38and also electrolytes that they need for their heart to function
12:41and at cardiac arrest.
12:43So this is a global pandemic pretty much for frogs.
12:47Yeah, the fungus has spread worldwide
12:49and it's caused over 90 extinctions.
12:52And this makes it the worst infectious disease ever.
12:54Nothing has caused this much devastation
12:56and neither cats nor rats nor cane toads.
12:59None of that compares.
13:01How did it end up getting to the continent here?
13:04So as far as we know, it just arrived once around 1978
13:07through the port of Brisbane and it spread nationwide.
13:11Today, we're looking at our native Australian green and golden bell frogs
13:15and they've been really hammered by chytrid fungus.
13:19And in fact, in Australia, six species have already gone extinct.
13:22So what exactly is going on here in all of these tanks?
13:27Yeah, so these are the way that we hold our frogs.
13:30We put netting over the top.
13:31What that does is it keeps wild frogs out.
13:34So wild frogs have chytrid and we're right next to a pond.
13:38All the frogs there would have chytrid and we want to keep it out of here
13:41because these are a really susceptible species.
13:44So your research has been credited with solving the problem of this frog pandemic.
13:50Yeah, this is a really simple innovation.
13:53What you're looking at here, we call a frog sauna.
13:56It's a very simple setup, a vegetable greenhouse and a pile of masonry bricks.
14:01But what you may not know is that it provides a situation
14:05where the frogs can cure themselves.
14:08So chytrid likes to be cold.
14:10And in winter, there's big outbreaks of chytrid.
14:14And just like the human flu, there's seasonal epidemics.
14:17So there's big outbreaks in the winter.
14:20So during this time, this is when they get infected and die.
14:24But by putting these out in the really bright Australian winter sun,
14:27they heat up.
14:28The frogs like to be warm.
14:30They like this habitat.
14:31They increase their body temperatures and they stop their infections.
14:34So from a gardener's point of view, you're effectively creating a microclimate.
14:40Yeah, and it's a really like low input of work.
14:43It's just a pile of masonry bricks.
14:45They cost about a dollar each.
14:47Put a $40 little veggie greenhouse over the top
14:49and really accessible and feasible way that people can lend a hand
14:52in helping this crisis.
14:57What's the technique?
14:59Oh, it's a bit of gymnastics.
15:01You've got longer legs.
15:03You'll be all right.
15:05I can see how the greenhouse serves a specific purpose,
15:08but what's the function here of the bricks?
15:10Yeah, well, the bricks are actually where the frogs find their home when they sit.
15:14They're made of clay, so they bring lots of moisture from the ground.
15:17It gives them a nice, humid, and hot place to sit.
15:20They seek out these little refuges, these little holes in the cracks in between them.
15:23Oh, there's one.
15:24So as I pull them out, yeah, there's one making his home in the holes.
15:27The bricks are heating up.
15:29That also heats up their body.
15:30They use their habitat to get warm.
15:32So let's grab another brick here.
15:34There's a couple more frogs in this one.
15:37Oh, look, this little fella's sticking his head out.
15:40Yeah, this is a really healthy-looking male green and golden bell frog,
15:44and you can really tell how they've gotten their name
15:46because he has these amazing, gorgeous, bright green and golden colors.
15:50He's right in the front of the breeding season.
15:53It's about to start soon, so he's got a nice throat coloration.
15:57His forearms are huge, and that's for kind of fighting other boys
16:01and to grabbing onto the girls that he likes.
16:11Now, us gardeners are a pretty practical mob.
16:14How can we go about building one of these saunas at our place?
16:19Yeah, it's really simple.
16:20You get ten of these really cheap masonry bricks.
16:23You paint them black with furniture paint.
16:25Once it's dry, it's fine for the frogs,
16:27and I just build a little apartment building for them.
16:30And how I do that is I grab three bricks that'll be used for the base.
16:34You put them approximately your thumbs-width apart.
16:38This little gap is important so frogs can get in between as well as in the holes.
16:42And then you take three more bricks perpendicular.
16:49And then finally, this is our top four.
16:51This is where our VIP frogs will be.
16:53Yeah, did I buy extra?
16:56Absolutely.
16:58And then I have one last brick.
17:01This kind of just holds the whole structure together.
17:03And that's it.
17:04That's the brick part.
17:05So now that that's done, what's the next step?
17:08So we make it into a sauna.
17:10And to do that, we first have our frame built of our greenhouse.
17:14And then we make it into a true sauna by taking this cover here and putting it over the top.
17:23And what this does is it holds in a bit more heat and also it holds on to that humidity that the frogs need.
17:29So I put it on just like this and I want to leave a little bit of a gap at the bottom so the frogs can get in and out.
17:42Ah, okay. That's key.
17:43Yeah.
17:44And if there's a little bit of extra on top, that's fine.
17:46So where should people set a sauna like this up?
17:50So you want to put it where there's frogs.
17:52So around frog habitat or nearby frog habitat, you can think of a place that has a bit of vegetation, maybe some water, moist ground.
18:00And you need sun, somewhere that gets a bit of sun throughout the day.
18:04And what about a timing point of view?
18:06When do you set it up and do you leave it set up?
18:08Yeah.
18:09So in Sydney, Kitchard really ramps up around the end of March, early April, so autumn.
18:13And setting them up around then and leaving them up until late spring, so maybe November.
18:18And then they don't need to be up anymore after that.
18:20So are other species going to see the sauna and think, hey, I'm heading in?
18:24Yeah, absolutely.
18:25So we have these set up in wild populations and we find all sorts of frogs inside.
18:29What an amazingly simple remedy to a massive national and global problem.
18:37What Anthony and the team here at Macquarie Uni are doing is helping save our native frogs from extinction.
18:45This is citizen science at its best.
18:48Let's get on board and help him out.
18:59We might think of winter as a less colourful time of year than other seasons, but there's always colour to be found in the wonderful world of plants.
19:09And one of the best sources right now are the captivating camellias.
19:14From the Himalayas to Japan and south to Indonesia, camellias have travelled far to our shores, but they are well established as an old favourite in the garden.
19:26There are over 300 species of Camellia worldwide, the two most common being the Japonica and Sasanqua.
19:34A family-run nursery in the Adelaide suburb of Tea Tree Gully have, for three generations, been consumed with breeding and growing these elegant plants.
19:46Dan is the third generation to carry on the family tradition.
19:52So the most common Camellia, or the one people recognise the most, is a Japonica.
19:56Yeah.
19:57What are the main features of these beautiful plants?
19:59Oh, large elaborate flowers, I guess, that are bred for flower form.
20:03Growth habits do vary a lot within the species, so some varieties are nice and compact and good for tub culture.
20:09Some varieties are large, lanky things, so they do vary a lot.
20:12And they've got the beautiful, big, bold, solid foliage too, haven't they?
20:16Yes, yes.
20:17Lovely, dark, glossy green foliage.
20:19Generally we say they're best in part shade, so sort of morning sun and afternoon shade, unless you're in a cool climate.
20:26Yep, yep.
20:27East or south facing we usually recommend.
20:29But once established, they're actually a lot tougher than people think.
20:33Oh, absolutely.
20:34They break the rules.
20:35Like Great Eastern will stand out in the hot sun and will suggest that they need more protection.
20:40And people are like, no, no, I've got a big one in my front yard out in the north.
20:43So it can be done in the right soil and watering.
20:46With so many different varieties of Japonica Camellias, have you got a favourite?
20:51Oh yes, it would have to be this one named after my late grandfather, Roger Hall.
20:55Beautiful.
20:56Which is a chance seedling and raised and flowered shortly after his death.
21:00So it was named after Roger.
21:02Beautiful.
21:03I've seen it and it's gorgeous.
21:04It's a formal double, isn't it?
21:06Yeah, lovely formal double.
21:08Not much bigger than a tennis ball, but lots and lots of petals and a lovely rich colour.
21:12And it flowers in September?
21:14Yeah, around the Royal Shade is how I remember it.
21:16Beautiful.
21:17Let's check out the Sasanquas.
21:19Yeah, they're a smaller leaf, earlier flowering varieties.
21:24So the Sasanquas can start flowering in March and go through July.
21:28They used to be mainly singles, but they've done quite a bit of breeding and there's more formal doubles now, aren't there?
21:34Yeah, they go right into formal doubles and a lot of different flower forms.
21:38Sometimes people don't like the singles because they say they don't hold as well on the plant, but I like the effect they make when they fall on the ground.
21:45Yeah, they make a carpet of colour underneath the shrub.
21:50My favourite part of these is their sweet earthy smell and the fact that the honey-eating birds love them too.
21:56Yeah, most of them with the stamen showing have a beautiful fragrance.
21:59And there's so much diversity in height, ranging from tall upright plants that can be five metres high down to little ones.
22:06Yeah, there's some varieties which are really compact and small and something like that would be the same age as everything else in this size pot.
22:13Beautiful.
22:14The other thing with Sasanquas is that they are more sun tolerant, doesn't necessarily mean full sun in a baking climate.
22:22The smaller leaf, they will take the heat a lot better and the smaller leaf lends themselves to hedging and screening uses.
22:29Let's check out the hybrids.
22:38So this one here is a Sasanqua hybrid called Sweet Jane, really pretty double flowers.
22:43What's that been hybridised for?
22:46Long flowering, so it starts with the Sasanquas and flowers right through to the Japonicas.
22:51So it's probably the longest flowering Camellia we have.
22:54So that's almost from March, April right through to October.
22:57Yep.
22:58That's six months of flowering.
22:59Yep.
23:00Wow.
23:01And of course Camellias are flowering in winter when all the deciduous plants go bare, so they add colour to your garden.
23:05That's right.
23:06So tell me about these new Floribunda hybrids.
23:08Yeah, very free flowering, really stocky, as hardy as a Japonica and as tough as a Sasanqua.
23:16And look at the number of buds on them.
23:18They tend to be very free flowering and loaded with flowers from quite a young age.
23:25So if you've got a whole lot of different Camellias and you see seed heads form, you could have a go at growing those?
23:31Absolutely.
23:32The seeds will pop out like a little coffee bean, so they'll be grown on in peat moss and then once they're germinated they'll be potted up all together in a big group like that.
23:43These were seedlings from 2019 that my father put down and some of them are just starting to flower.
23:50So in theory these are unique plants which have flowered for the first time.
23:54So when you're growing from seed it really is a question of chance, isn't it?
23:58Absolutely.
23:59Yet if you get cuttings of that and that would be exactly the same?
24:02Correct, you'll get a clone of the same plant.
24:05Most people think of Camellias as shrubs but they can be ground covers too, can't they?
24:19Absolutely.
24:20Marchmilla is a ground covering form or a prostrate form of Camellia.
24:24So if they were growing as a ground cover, how wide could they get?
24:28Up to three metres, I suppose, with age could go further.
24:32So as well as being grown in the ground, say over a rockery, they could also even be grown in a hanging basket?
24:38Absolutely, on the edge of a retaining wall or on a bank that they'll spread out and sort of meander along.
24:45Now here we've got a standard weeping Camellia and that's actually snow.
24:51Yep.
24:52Could you make your own?
24:53Yes, if you get a little plant like this, you can certainly stake up that terminal leader and take off everything else
24:58and as it puts on the growth, train it up a stake and end up with that mushroom sort of shape.
25:03Obviously you'd need to leave a stake there to support the trunk.
25:06Yes, they'll get quite top-heavy in time.
25:08And sometimes when you buy them, they're actually grafted?
25:11Yeah, this particular one is a snow grafted on probably more than likely a Hiryu,
25:16which is a vigorous, fast-growing Sasanqua.
25:23If you want to grow a Camellia but you haven't got the space, say for a shrub, you could actually grow one against a wall,
25:33almost like a climber, as an espalier, couldn't you?
25:36Absolutely.
25:37It's a lovely effect if you've got like a nice east-facing wall or something you want to cover.
25:42You can espalier.
25:43Most Sasanquas do lend themselves to espalier.
25:45They fill in nice and quickly with the smaller leaf and they have a whippier or a willowy growth habit that will suit being manipulated.
25:54So if you wanted to make your own, what would you look for when you're choosing a plant?
25:59You know, I chose this plant, Tua spalia.
26:01It's got lots of nice flexible growth that you'd be able to tie out and get that two-dimensional shape to it nice and quickly.
26:09Okay, and then you simply tie it in position?
26:12Tie it off.
26:13Cut as minimal amount off as you can, but if anything's poking out or sitting at the back, you'd prune it off.
26:18And then you'd clip or tie back your growth to suit.
26:23That seems quite easy and probably very rewarding.
26:27Yeah, if you've got a bit of spare time.
26:35Camellias are pretty bulletproof, but sometimes their foliage can go a bit yellow.
26:40If you're getting a really yellow camellia, it's often a pH issue, not necessarily a nutrient issue.
26:45Getting the right pH around the five to six mark.
26:48Well-drained organic acidic soil is crucial.
26:51Now, sometimes people also find that flowers ball, you know, they sort of brown off on the plant.
26:56Yeah, that's if the flower gets damaged or even if it gets some dew on there and some morning sun
27:01and marks the outside petals as they're forming, they'll often swell from the inside
27:06and cause that flower to sort of twist off and abort.
27:09The flowers with the stamen showing in the middle, they'll often pop open with less fuss.
27:13And another big mistake people make with Camellias is putting a small plant into a great big pot.
27:19We just like to see them graduated from one pot size to the next every two to three years.
27:25Camellias are multi-talented plants.
27:28With their many showy forms, versatility and resilience, they'll adapt to almost any space in your garden.
27:35I hope you've been inspired to find the right one for you.
27:43Still to come on Gardening Australia, Hannah's showing us some long flowering perennials that will thrive in the cooler states.
27:53Winter is the perfect time to give your fruit trees some TLC and Josh is showing you how.
28:01And we meet a young man who's achieved more in his garden than most of us will in a lifetime.
28:07We're off to catch up with Clarence now, who's showing us a really exciting way to display a wonderful winter bloomer and really pump up the wow factor.
28:24One of the very best for part shade are the graceful and gorgeous Harden Burgers.
28:33And today, I'm planting up a colourful container to really show off the Harden Burgers.
28:38Whilst they're happy in a pot, as a ground cover or a climber, they'll provide dense cover to just about anything.
28:44Best of all, they start flowering as the temperature drops right through into the warm season.
28:50That's also a bonus for the pollinators in the cooler months when there's not much else in flower.
28:55Harden Burgers can survive in poor soils.
28:58They'll tolerate wind and salty coastal conditions and will suit climates from cool temperate to subtropical to Mediterranean.
29:07I've got a selection of cultivars here and I've also chosen a pot that's a decent size.
29:12Now, this one's about 50 centimetres across and that'll give the plants heaps of space to fill out and up.
29:19To support the plants to climb, I'm using fallen sticks that I've collected from around the place.
29:24Now, they're about two metres and once they're in the pot, it'll give me about a metre and a half of real estate for the plants to climb on.
29:33I'm half filling the pot with premium native mix.
29:40That'll provide good drainage and nutrition.
29:43Now, this beautiful cultivar is free and easy and lovely white flowers but still that hint of purple really is a beautiful plant.
29:56This one is Happy Wanderer and pop that in there, I've still got room for a few more, which is great.
30:12Plenty of real estate.
30:13It's going to look fantastic with so many plants in here.
30:18Now, it's just to work out the colour arrangement more than anything.
30:23Quite busy.
30:27White cluster, two purples on the outside.
30:44This should look fantastic as they grow into each other.
30:47Just go backfill and get this pot up a scratch or at least up to level.
30:59Hardened bergera are in the pea family, along with plants you're likely to know like beans and sweet peas.
31:05Now, many species in this family, including hardened bergera, have the useful ability to capture nitrogen from the atmosphere and take it down into the soil.
31:14Now, nitrogen is essential to plant growth.
31:17One of the benefits of having unlimited access to nitrogen is that the plants can be fast growing.
31:23Now, give them a regular light prune to keep them in check and looking their best.
31:28After they've finished flowering, give them a hard prune and they'll bounce back just fine.
31:33Now, it's time to take my sticks and get my airspace sorted out.
31:40Go for the pentagonal shape.
31:43Get them down on the edge.
31:48Try and be as artistic as possible.
31:58Of course, what is brown and sticky?
32:04Well, that one.
32:07There we go.
32:08Just tie these off.
32:10Keep them in place.
32:13Bring that one around.
32:15There we go.
32:16Yeah, that should...
32:18All right.
32:21Now, because we've got plenty of soil, it's nice and firm in the pot.
32:25Beautiful structure for our hardened bergera to climb on.
32:29But because these plants have come with the existing stakes, it's worth just getting them out and taking them out.
32:37Take the others out.
32:40Certainly free and easy and then a bit of happy wandering.
32:43It's one of the good things about using sticks from the garden.
32:46The notches provide natural support.
32:50Hardened bergera will climb up through here.
32:53Lovely form and structure.
32:56Hardened bergera can survive on the smell of an oily rag.
33:00But to help them really thrive, you can give them a feed of general purpose, slow-release fertilizer in spring and autumn.
33:07And every few weeks, give them a complete liquid feed.
33:11Just follow the instructions on the container.
33:13Perfect for that part shade area at your place.
33:23This really is a project to climb up and into this weekend.
33:27Here in cool-temperate Tasmania, we have some pretty chilly and long winters.
33:48So I'm always interested in finding some really colourful plants that can stand up to our colder months.
33:54Like this beautiful wallflower.
33:56These perennial shrubs come in a range of colours and I love to plant them through my garden
34:01to make sure I've got colour all through from autumn to spring.
34:05Unlike annual flowers, perennials come back year after year and often with abundant colour.
34:11But a lot of perennials only have fleeting flowering periods.
34:16So I like to look for the ones which stick around for longer.
34:19Here's another wallflower that's really in its prime.
34:23These pinks and purples light up my garden, which is so fun.
34:26This one's growing out of a raised garden bed.
34:29But overall, they'll grow up to around one metre tall in really good conditions.
34:33But they can also hack drought conditions, marginal soils, full suns,
34:39and they can tolerate mild frost.
34:42They can also be used to form a neat, short hedge or border.
34:45It's time to prune them when you see the main flowers die back.
34:49Now these ones are still in full flight, so I'm not going to do a proper prune today.
34:52But you can still prune the long ones off if you want to make space for the young flowers to come back up.
34:58This can make way for new flowers to emerge.
35:02And of course, they also make a great posy.
35:06Come on, Ollie.
35:08This is pineapple sage, another flowering perennial.
35:18It's tough and hardy because it's a salvia, which also means it comes in hundreds of cultivars.
35:23Salvia elegans is native to Mexico and Guatemala.
35:27It's an easy-care shrub which flowers almost year-round in areas with mild or no frosts.
35:33Growing to 1 to 1.5 metres tall, its brilliant red flowers provide nectar for pollinators over a long period,
35:42especially in the cooler months when there aren't many other blooms.
35:46As if these bright red blooms weren't enough, you can also pick the leaves and they smell like pineapple, hence their name.
35:58You can use them to infuse drinks and desserts.
36:01I've planted this salvia on the steep slope.
36:04It develops deep, spreading roots over time, which is ideal for stabilising soil,
36:10and best of all, it's quick-growing and easy to divide the roots to propagate more plants.
36:15This salvia loves full sun, but you can find salvias that will handle part shade just fine.
36:25You can see these blooms are coming to the end of their life.
36:28This indicates it's a great time to prune.
36:31So, safety glasses on, and I'm going to take around a third of their height off.
36:36This means it'll help it bush out and make way for new blooms.
36:53You can see the salvias got caught up with another geranium plant,
36:56and they've kind of become one massive shrub.
36:58That's okay, I just prune them all together because they're both really hardy,
37:02and come spring, they're going to bounce back full of colour and life.
37:07So, if you love colour, consider planting some long flowering perennials in your garden
37:12to make sure your garden is bright and beautiful for many months.
37:27Healthy crops of delicious homegrown fruit
37:30is one of the highlights of summer.
37:33To reap the rewards, a bit of prep and TLC during the winter dormancy period
37:38is key to success.
37:42With our mild winters in Perth, it's not uncommon for some varieties
37:46of deciduous fruit trees, like this Packham's Triumph pear,
37:50to hold onto its leaves and not go into full dormancy.
37:53And that rest is critical for good cropping.
37:56The dropping of leaves signals the start of the dormant period,
38:00so I'm helping it along.
38:04There's a trick to removing leaves from deciduous fruit trees at this time of year.
38:08You start from the top, gently work your way down,
38:12and they should just really brush off.
38:14Be careful not to tear the bark and not to knock off any buds.
38:18With the branches stripped bare, I've got full view of the condition of the structure.
38:27I'm inspecting the branches for any obvious wounds or shrunken bark,
38:32anything that might need removing.
38:34I do my main pruning in summer, after fruiting.
38:40But in winter, with the leaves off, I can do a final detail pruning.
38:46Along with damaged wood, I'm taking out overlapping branches
38:50and high branches up top that are beyond reach at harvest time.
38:54Next, I'm weeding around the base of the trees,
39:00to reduce competition when the trees wake up and need water and nutrients.
39:13It's also a good time to apply granular fertiliser and compost ahead of Bud Burst,
39:19so the nutrients are on hand when the trees need them.
39:23Then a layer of mulch to keep weeds down and retain moisture come spring.
39:30It's also a good time to plant deciduous fruit trees,
39:33because there's plenty of stock around,
39:35and also, because they're dormant,
39:37you can give the roots a good tease before planting them out,
39:40so they get off to a good start once they're in the ground.
39:45I've chosen a dwarf trevat apricot
39:48to grow against the fence trellis along my driveway.
39:51It will grow to around 2 metres high and 2 metres wide,
39:55and is self-pollinating,
39:57so it will eventually provide plenty of fruit.
40:07Well, that's a set of important tasks
40:09taken care of at the right time.
40:11And whilst I'm at it,
40:13I'm going to get my fruit fly lures and protective knitting organised,
40:18so I'm prepared before that pest becomes active
40:21and ruins all of this hard work,
40:23then I reckon I'm ready for another cracking summer.
40:32Last year, we met a passionate gardener
40:34at the Melbourne International Flower and Garden Show.
40:38Someone who inspired me for the love of growing
40:41was probably Peter Cundall.
40:44He was probably a big inspiration
40:47on, like, the vegetable garden.
40:51When I was in Year 5,
40:52I got into, like, a part-school parliament thing,
40:56and I was environment minister,
40:59and I started the veggie garden there,
41:01and it was, yeah, really good.
41:03We were so excited about his descriptions of his garden,
41:07we followed him home to have a closer look,
41:10and we're so glad we did.
41:13Check out what he's achieved in his family's country garden.
41:17MUSIC PLAYS
41:38My name is Joshua Ruff.
41:40I live out in Maldon in central Victoria
41:44on the foothills of Nuggetys Range.
41:46I designed this garden when I was in hospital in 2020.
41:56Yeah, the property is 16 acres.
42:00It's a very long, narrow block,
42:03and there's lots of different gardens
42:05that I've created on here.
42:07I got the aloe garden at the front,
42:10and there's a cottage garden,
42:12a Japanese garden,
42:14a vegetable garden,
42:16and we just started on a lavender farm down the back.
42:20MUSIC PLAYS
42:22This is my Japanese garden.
42:24This was the first garden that we built.
42:26It has a few plants in here that I really like.
42:38The ginkgo, there's a magnolia, and Japanese maple.
42:42I also like the baby tears that are running along the ground.
42:47I love the tranquility of this garden.
42:49My bedroom overlooks it,
42:51and I love looking out at it at different times of the year
42:55and seeing the seasonal changes.
42:57It creates a bit of peace and calm for me.
43:01I have Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
43:05I was diagnosed at the age of five
43:07because I kept falling over a lot
43:09and wasn't able to keep up with the rest of the kids.
43:14I slowly...
43:15My muscles got weaker over time,
43:18and by the time I was 12 years old,
43:21I was in a wheelchair,
43:23and I've been permanently in a wheelchair ever since.
43:28Can you hold these for me?
43:30Take them in.
43:31I have six kids.
43:33Two girls.
43:34Then Joshua was next,
43:36and then three boys after that.
43:38What else do we need to do around here?
43:40After the lavender's finished flowering.
43:42We got the news that he had muscular dystrophy Duchenne.
43:47It was...
43:48At first we didn't really know what it was.
43:51We just...
43:52Until we researched and found out that,
43:55you know, it's a...
43:56His life expectancy was his early 20s.
44:00We lived for the next 15 years
44:02thinking that he wasn't going to survive
44:05much past his 21st birthday.
44:09During that time,
44:11the garden was quite important to me.
44:14Sort of the garden is passed down
44:17through the family sort of thing.
44:19From my nana to my mum then to me.
44:25I remember growing up,
44:27always being out in the veggie garden with my mum.
44:32She was a very avid gardener,
44:34and when I would...
44:36Before I'd go to school,
44:37she would go out in the garden,
44:39and when I'd get home she would be out in the garden,
44:42I would go down to her and talk to her about my day,
44:46and...
44:47And see all the veggies growing,
44:48and...
44:50I know, it was a really good childhood.
44:54We should pick the silver beet for dinner.
44:57Yeah.
44:58If you go through and I'll pick the silver...
45:00Silver beet.
45:01Yeah.
45:02We connected so...
45:04So strongly with the garden side of things.
45:07We both had a love for the garden,
45:09creating gardens.
45:12He loved his nana and pop,
45:14and they've spent a lot of time with Josh
45:18and passing on nana's love of gardening to us all,
45:21and trying to make Joshua's life the best we can for him.
45:30This is the memorial garden that we designed
45:33to remember my nana and my auntie
45:37that passed away in the last few years.
45:40One of the plants that we got in here
45:42is called the Margaret English Lavender.
45:45The other one that reminds me of my auntie
45:48is the Carla Rose.
45:50My nana was an important figure to me
45:55with my garden, always pushing my passion.
45:58It was really good to be able to...
46:00with establishing Henley Gardens.
46:03She was able to see the beginnings
46:05of everything I'm trying to create here,
46:07and she's quite excited
46:09that I named Henley Gardens after her maiden name.
46:17In 2020, I had a cardiac arrest.
46:19I was driving with my mum and I sort of...
46:24sort of couldn't breathe.
46:26Then I looked in the revision mirror
46:27and I saw his eyes go back in his head.
46:29He passed out.
46:32So I pulled over the side of the road,
46:34jumped out, waved the first car that came along.
46:37She got out of the car and said,
46:38we need to get him out, I'm a nurse.
46:41And she started CPR on him.
46:43And I was doing mouth-to-mouth.
46:46I sort of died for about six minutes.
46:49And then they put me into a coma.
46:53And I was in a coma for three days.
46:55And then when I awoke, it was quite a scary time.
47:03And that's when they sort of told us,
47:06he won't have quality life after this.
47:09At that time, he couldn't talk to us.
47:11He had to do everything with an eye chart.
47:15So he wanted to eat a strawberry.
47:17That's what he told us.
47:18We've always grown strawberries.
47:19And all he wanted,
47:21he wanted to get out of hospital and eat a strawberry.
47:23Couldn't eat, couldn't drink.
47:25I had to...
47:26Difficult communicating.
47:28But with the help of my family,
47:30I was able to come up with a design of the garden
47:34when they drew it up for me.
47:36And it's pretty much exactly what I designed
47:40when I was in hospital.
47:49I didn't know what the future was going to be.
47:52And mum and my siblings were talked about,
47:57like, the garden that I wanted to create.
47:59And it sort of gave me a lot of hope and motivation
48:02to push myself to get out of hospital
48:06and make this dream come true.
48:12One of the main things about Henley Gardens
48:15is that family is such an important part of it.
48:19And I have many siblings, which is really good.
48:23And I'm so grateful for the whole family
48:27that helps out making this dream
48:30of the lavender farm and garden possible.
48:34Joshua is the glue to the family.
48:36He's a purpose that we all want to make his life
48:40the best that it can be.
48:44To further my passion of gardening,
48:46I've started to think about different ways
48:49of making an income
48:51that can help me maintain the gardens.
48:54And I was looking for a plant that was well suited
48:58to this climate.
48:59And lavender seemed like a great plant
49:02and it's so versatile.
49:04There's so many uses for lavender.
49:07You can use the lavender for, like, cosmetics,
49:11candles or for sprays.
49:14It's a great cleaning product as well.
49:16Seeing the lavender growing so well,
49:19it makes me feel pretty good.
49:22The smells that it releases,
49:25like the fragrance is just quite amazing.
49:28I'm liking seeing the changes throughout the summer months,
49:32the lavender flowers coming along,
49:34seeing the insects and the bees.
49:37Pacific blue is my favourite lavender
49:41of the English lavenders
49:43and it comes out a lot earlier
49:46than all the other lavenders
49:48and I really like the dark blue colour of it.
49:53Later this year,
49:54I'm having the Lavender Association
49:58holding their Field Day event here at Henley Gardens,
50:02which is something I'm really looking forward to.
50:05We're planning to do some workshops on that day
50:09with the distillery.
50:12This is my sister, Cassie.
50:15We're harvesting some lavender
50:17that we're planning to still in my distillery.
50:21Yeah, so, um,
50:23Josh has a 40-litre traditional copper alembic steel,
50:27which is a bit of a mouthful,
50:29but through the condensing,
50:31the oil and the hydrosol comes out.
50:34The hydrosol is really great
50:36because you can use that around the house as it is,
50:39the lavender water.
50:41And the oil, similarly,
50:43you can mix it with different carrier oils
50:45and you can use it in different products
50:47and things like that.
50:49We'll just keep picking lavender
50:50and putting it through the still
50:51and mixing around different mixes
50:53and see what we get.
51:02Before my cardiac arrest,
51:04I suffered a lot of, like, self-doubt
51:07and didn't really believe in myself
51:10and didn't believe I could achieve anything
51:13or do anything that could give back to the community.
51:18But when I had that cardiac arrest,
51:20it sort of let go of all my fears
51:23and then I started to think about ways I could give back
51:27to my community and be able to help people.
51:31At the moment, I'm, like, running a men's circle,
51:36which gives me a lot of satisfaction,
51:38being able to help people.
51:40And with the Lavender Farm,
51:42I'm hoping to do the same
51:44with being able to open up to the community
51:48and make it so everyone just finds some peace and, like, relaxation.
51:54I want to be able to help other people with disabilities like mine
51:59that they can believe in themselves
52:02and find their, like, true potential.
52:04Once you start opening yourself up to the community
52:08and just everything just comes your way,
52:12the doors open up and so many opportunities.
52:16So that's the main thing I want to do.
52:20It's sort of, in a way, helping my younger self.
52:32Now Joshua is 31 years old.
52:35What he's achieved with the help of family?
52:38It's just amazing.
52:43Could you pick this one?
52:45Oh.
52:50In cool areas, chop and prop tree dahlias as they finish flowering.
53:06Cut canes into 50 centimetre lengths,
53:09lay them in a shallow trench and cover with soil.
53:12The canes will root and shoot,
53:14giving you even more delightful dahlias.
53:17If you like berries, why not branch out a little?
53:21Try loganberries, gooseberries and yosterberries.
53:25Plant a cane or two now
53:27and you'll be enjoying the fruits of your labour by summer.
53:31If there's a job for a rainy day,
53:33it's cleaning up your boots.
53:35Get in there with a stiff brush to clean them out
53:38and apply a beeswax polish to re-waterproof.
53:41Warm temperate gardeners dust off the secateurs
53:45to prune apples and pears.
53:47Remove inward growing branches, damaged wood
53:50and shorten side shoots to fall plump, healthy buds.
53:54If you're drowning in silverbeet at the moment,
53:57remember it can be blanched and frozen
54:00to be used in future dishes.
54:02Productive spring gardens are made in winter.
54:05Start building up vacant beds with manure and compost now
54:10so they'll have time to mature for spring plantings.
54:14In the subtropics, continue to harvest papayas.
54:18If garden interlopers are getting to them before you do,
54:21remember they'll ripen easily indoors.
54:24Save some space for Mary Washington asparagus.
54:28Tube stock or crowns can be planted now
54:32and foliage cut to the ground.
54:34Harvest in as little as two years.
54:37Need a no-fuss native ground cover?
54:40Check out Creeping Boobiala.
54:42It's a leafy ground cover
54:44and will rapidly form a dense mat in a sunny spot,
54:48smothering out weeds.
54:50In tropical areas, if your bougainvillea have finished flowering,
54:54put on gloves, glasses and long sleeves and get stuck into them.
54:59They love a heavy hackback, flowering on new growth.
55:03It's time to get ginger into the ground at your place.
55:07Find a sheltered spot with rich moist soil and plant your rhizomes.
55:12It's the perfect time of year to show your potted herbs some TLC.
55:17Refresh tired potting mix, give them a feed
55:20and don't forget to mulch your pots.
55:23In arid areas, get onto Asafoetida.
55:27Used as a spice since the days of the ancient Greeks,
55:30grow it in open sun and good drainage.
55:33The stems might stink, but it disappears when cooked,
55:37leaving a signature taste nothing can replace.
55:41Water straight from the tank or tap
55:43can be too chilly for the delicate roots of many indoor plants.
55:47So it's a great idea to treat them to room temperature
55:50or tepid water over winter.
55:53While we're on water, now's a good time to flush out the lines of your drip irrigation.
55:58Pipes can become clogged with soil particles and mineral residues in the water.
56:03So opening one end and letting it flow can clear it all out.
56:08Welcome to Winter Gardeners.
56:11If you need to take cover from the weather out there,
56:13remember, you can always head to ABC iview to catch up on Gardening Australia anytime.
56:20I'm looking forward to next week when we bring you a show
56:29packed with the latest floral, garden and design ideas.
56:33I'll see you then.
56:35This week we're coming to you from the biggest garden show in the Southern Hemisphere.
56:42Sophie's finding out what's blooming good.
56:47Just a profusion of different flowers that the public can come in
56:50and just absolutely feast their eyes and enjoy.
56:53Millie and I will be getting amongst the greenery
56:56to check out the latest design trends and popular plants.
57:01Oh, we've got a road question here.
57:03And we're getting up close and personal to answer your gardening questions.
57:08What do you need to know about your gut?
57:10But I think it's plastic.
57:12This is an heirloom tomato.
57:15I think the most valuable place for this might be in the compost.
57:20I tried that, it didn't work for me.
57:23I've got a custard.
57:24Oh, did you?
57:25Do you get it?
57:26Beef.
57:27A custard.