Senior Editor Maggie McGrath sits with Assistant Managing Editor Kerry A. Dolan to discuss the 10th anniversary of America's Richest Self-Made Women List.
Bigger fortunes. More billionaires. Increasing impact. Forbes marks the 10th anniversary of our annual list by celebrating how far these 100 entrepreneurs, executives and entertainers have come. Together these ceiling breakers are worth a combined $155 billion, more than ever before.
There are 38 billionaires this year, with fortunes originating in everything from cars to cosmetics to Chardonnay. That’s more than double the 18 billionaires we found on our first list in 2015 and up from 31 billionaires last year. The minimum net worth to make the cut is $350 million, up from $300 million last year. Back in 2015, when we ranked only 50 women, the minimum to qualify was $250 million. Thirty six members of the original list from a decade ago made the 2025 edition.
Read the full story on Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2025/06/03/inside-forbes-ranking-of-americas-richest-self-made-women-2025/
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Forbes covers the intersection of entrepreneurship, wealth, technology, business and lifestyle with a focus on people and success.
Bigger fortunes. More billionaires. Increasing impact. Forbes marks the 10th anniversary of our annual list by celebrating how far these 100 entrepreneurs, executives and entertainers have come. Together these ceiling breakers are worth a combined $155 billion, more than ever before.
There are 38 billionaires this year, with fortunes originating in everything from cars to cosmetics to Chardonnay. That’s more than double the 18 billionaires we found on our first list in 2015 and up from 31 billionaires last year. The minimum net worth to make the cut is $350 million, up from $300 million last year. Back in 2015, when we ranked only 50 women, the minimum to qualify was $250 million. Thirty six members of the original list from a decade ago made the 2025 edition.
Read the full story on Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2025/06/03/inside-forbes-ranking-of-americas-richest-self-made-women-2025/
Subscribe to FORBES: https://www.youtube.com/user/Forbes?sub_confirmation=1
Fuel your success with Forbes. Gain unlimited access to premium journalism, including breaking news, groundbreaking in-depth reported stories, daily digests and more. Plus, members get a front-row seat at members-only events with leading thinkers and doers, access to premium video that can help you get ahead, an ad-light experience, early access to select products including NFT drops and more:
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More From Forbes: http://forbes.com
Forbes covers the intersection of entrepreneurship, wealth, technology, business and lifestyle with a focus on people and success.
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LifestyleTranscript
00:00Hi, I'm Carrie Dolan. I'm an assistant managing editor at Forbes, and I'm here as part of Forbes
00:092025 list of America's richest self-made women. I'm here with one of our newcomers, sharing her
00:15story with us today, Maki Zangane, co-CEO and president of Summit Therapeutics. Maki, thank
00:23you so much for joining us. Thank you very much for having me. You started your life in Iran. You
00:28were born there, but you spent many of your formative years outside of Iran. How has that
00:34affected you and your life as an executive? I was born in Iran, and that was the moment of the
00:40Shah regime, and it was really like a Western European country. But then after that, the
00:46revolution happened when I was nine years old, and that was a moment that everything has changed
00:52completely. My parents, both of them, they're architects, and all of the family is into the
00:58engineering and medical doctors. We were in Iran, and for sure, after revolutions, unexpected
01:06a year after that, the war started. This is that Iran-Iraq war, right?
01:10That was the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s, and I was around nine, 10 years old. For sure, it
01:17was very, very difficult, especially the war started south of Iran. Then over time, we got
01:25all of the rockets in Tehran, and that was the moment that we decided, my parents decided
01:30to get out of the country. But then finally, my mom was a very smart woman. You know, she
01:37knew in a travel agency, and they tried to get different flights getting out of Iran.
01:42So I was around 11 years old, and I get out, and the only country that they give us a visa
01:48was in Germany. So we came out to Germany, and I stay in Germany, and I started my school
01:54in Germany. And my parents, after that, went back and forth, and my two sisters went in
01:59France. So that was the moment that we separated, the entire family was separated.
02:04And then, so in Germany, you moved to Germany. You knew no German.
02:07I didn't, yes.
02:08And then your parents moved back, were going back and forth. So who were you living with in
02:13Germany?
02:14Actually, when I get to Germany, it was a friend of my father that actually helped us
02:17to get the visa. And I was living with them, with this family, for kind of one, two years.
02:23But Germany was nice. I love Germany. It just is, everything is black or white. Nothing
02:29is gray, you know?
02:30Well, especially after that chaotic time, what, you know, under, during the war in Iran,
02:37while you were there, you must have been afraid of bombs, rockets falling, and getting-
02:42A lot, a lot. And that is why sometimes right now, when I look at, you know, the television,
02:47you see the kids in Gaza, you see the kids in Israel, you get the kids in, you know, Afghanistan,
02:53Syria, you know? It is very tough. It is not easy. You are all of the times, you're fearful
02:58what's going to happen. You see the families that they lost either their kids or their parents,
03:04or you come home, you see one of the buildings is already down. I mean, it's-
03:09You lived through that.
03:10You lived through that.
03:11We lived through that.
03:12We lived through that.
03:13Thank goodness you were able to get out of there. And then you went, from Germany,
03:17you ended up going to university in France, of all places.
03:19Yes.
03:20How did that happen?
03:21Again, that is my parents, because I finished my high school in Germany. I got applications
03:26for University of Heidenberg for going to do a medical school. But my dad came and said,
03:31no, you're going to France because I want that a family stay together. I just said,
03:35dad, I just did my high school. I speak German. I got the best university application medical
03:44school. Just said, no, you will go to France with the family. And for my parents, family
03:49is everything, everything, you know?
03:51Yeah.
03:52So then did your dad have anything to do with you studying dentistry?
03:55Yeah. That was my mom, actually.
03:57That was your mom. Okay.
03:58Because actually I went to France and my sister, one is in cardiologist, the other is gynecologist,
04:05the other one she did endocrinology. So we were in the same university hospital and the
04:09same hospital. So, but my mom said, look, look at your sister. They are all the time in
04:14a night shift in a hospital. Go get a profession that is easier. You will have a family and everything.
04:22I just said, okay, I will go to dentistry. So I went to dentistry. I had a very fun time
04:27in dentistry, but honestly, dentistry was not ready for me. So I did all of the dentistry
04:32till one day, a friend of mine came and she was working with Compute Emotion and Compute
04:38Emotion was medical robotics company. So she came and they wanted, Compute Emotion wanted
04:43to have their subsidiary in France and in Strasbourg because it was one of the biggest training
04:49facility for minimally invasive surgery was there and is...
04:53For the company or just in general for...
04:55In general.
04:56Okay. At the, like at the medical school or something?
04:58At the, yes. It was, it was attached to medical school, but it's a private institution. And I
05:04met this girl, her name was Maryam. She came to our home for it and just, what are you doing?
05:09I just, I don't know. I'm in dentistry, you know. So you don't want to do something else. I said,
05:14of course I want to do something else. So I started to, to really learn about what they
05:20are doing, business. I went to my dad, my mom, look, I wanted to go to business. My dad said,
05:27no, you're not going. I said, dad, I want to do really, you know, I want to learn something else.
05:31It just said under one condition, you get your MBA. I said, dad, seriously. So then that is where I
05:37started to get my MBA while I was starting to work with a company.
05:40Right. So it was computer motion. It was your job with this robotic surgery company
05:45that you basically rose through the ranks, as I understand it. You started out in the training
05:51center in Strasburg and then just kept getting promoted. And then you came to the U.S. with
05:57that job, right? Yeah. What was that like? What was that transition?
05:59Actually that was, computer motion was amazing. I really, that was my first job into the business
06:04world and healthcare. And I really put my heart and soul into this company. And then after
06:10that as well, I met Bob about a year and a half, two years after that, Bob came to Europe.
06:17And Bob is Bob Duggan. Bob Duggan.
06:19Bob Duggan. And he was the CEO.
06:21At the beginning, the investor, and then become the CEO and chairman of the board at Computer
06:26Motion. And when he came to Europe and he saw the entire facility, everything that we are doing.
06:34And he asked me if I want to run European country, you know, and Middle East. For sure, I look at Bob.
06:41I was, what? I was 27 years old at this moment of time. I look at Bob. I just say, Bob, okay.
06:48He just say, he said one sentence that he stayed for the rest of my life. He just say, take a responsibility.
06:54You know, once you take a responsibility, you do everything possible, you know, to make everything go right.
07:11Because that's a young age to have responsibility for running basically Europe and Middle East for the country, for this company, right?
07:21But that was really amazing moment for many. First of all, robotic surgery was a brand new concept in the surgical world.
07:29Robot in the operating room was not something that was familiar.
07:33So this should have been 1990s, late 1990s?
07:36It was in 1998, 1999. I joined the company in late 97, 98.
07:43Yeah. And then after that, a computer motion and intuitive surgical, they were both of them.
07:50I can't say in the competitions in the robotic world, you know.
07:53So, but we had a lot of success in Europe and we went to the Middle East.
07:58And I remember me and Bob, we went to Dubai, we went to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, you know.
08:04And that was the moment that we really brought the robotic surgery into this world.
08:10We were the first to come in this country.
08:12Da Vinci later on, intuitive surgical follow, I can say follow us.
08:16So you came to the United States for computer motion.
08:19Then computer motion and intuitive surgical ended up merging, right?
08:24Exactly.
08:25Bob decided to merge the company and he did it amazingly.
08:29I mean, one-third of the intuitive surgical, we own that.
08:33And that was today's what? It's a 200 billion US dollars market.
08:37And at this moment of time, I can say when we merged, I was very sad.
08:45I was very sad because for me, it was like my baby, really intuitive computer motion.
08:52And I remember one day Bob called me, just say, I want to see you outside of the company.
08:58I just, okay, just say, we are going to merge.
09:00I fall apart.
09:02I said, Bob, no, no, I don't want that we merge with the intuitive surgical.
09:07But actually retrospectively, it was the best one because the robotics, the concept of robotics day.
09:14And if you really look at it now, even robotic surgery took over minimal invasive surgery.
09:20And that is really nice to see after 20 years that what robotic surgery can do, even minimal invasive surgery cannot do.
09:29Yeah. I had no idea that robotic surgery is more common now than-
09:33It is more common.
09:34It is some of the hospital that they have or 10 robots in the hospital is fascinating to look at it.
09:40Yeah.
09:41So then, yes.
09:42And then after that, the CEO of Intuitive Surgical came.
09:45I was in the office and he asked me if I want to continue.
09:51And as I said, I was very young.
09:53I was my 32, 31 years old.
09:55And I just say to Lonnie Smith, no, I don't.
09:59He just said, he looked at me, why?
10:01I said, look, all of these years, I fight for my product.
10:06I cannot go now.
10:08And I say, your product is better.
10:10It just is kind of from feeling and emotion, you know, because I really believed in our product.
10:17And our product was really an amazing product, you know, and now you're moving to a new company.
10:24It was not.
10:25It's not nice for me.
10:26Retrospectively, I love, by the way, I really, really have a lot of appreciation for Gary Guter, the CEO of Intuitive Surgical.
10:33He is a top notch and he brought robotics to the different level.
10:38But at this moment of time, I didn't know what that mean, merger acquisitions and going to a new company.
10:44What's going to happen?
10:45You know, so I decided to not do that.
10:48And that's the case with lots of mergers, right?
10:50There's nobody really knows who's going to, is it going to work out?
10:53Is it going to be a good merger?
10:54Or is everyone from the old company, you know, the two companies going to get along okay?
10:58So it's not the same, you know, power, the same way of making decisions, you know?
11:03So I decided to step back and that was the moment as decided to go into learning more investment side of the company, you know?
11:14So then you started, so then you ended up working with Bob Duggan, looking at investments.
11:19Yes.
11:20Which then led you to Pharmacyclics.
11:22To Pharmacyclics.
11:23Exactly.
11:24Your next adventure.
11:25The next adventure.
11:26Pharmacyclic was really beautiful.
11:28And I can say, at this moment of time, when I get out of computer motion, again, my dad say, oh, now you can go to dentistry.
11:34That's why I'm just saying, what, it's not finished yet.
11:37Your dad still thought you could be a dentist after all that?
11:40So I just thought, okay, dad, now you're winning the game.
11:43So I went to UCLA for residency for three months.
11:47I went to residency for aesthetic dentistry where I really wanted to end up in aesthetic dentistry.
11:52But then I realized really dentistry is not for me.
11:55And then after that, at this moment of time, I just said no.
11:58And I called Bob and I just said, look, I want to learn something different.
12:03And he just said, okay, then come work at the Duggan Investment.
12:06I was there.
12:07And we look at different company, a lot of different company.
12:11And so a hundred companies and Pharmacyclics really catch our eyes, you know?
12:16And when you were looking at investments, so you had been in robotic surgery, were you specifically saying, let's focus now on drug development when you switched?
12:24No, it was, it was a lot of.
12:26Across all industries?
12:27Across industry for medical devices and everything.
12:31It was there.
12:32All healthcare?
12:33I can say, you know, my specialty is more healthcare because that is what I can understand.
12:37Doesn't mean it was one moment of time we look on the different sector, but healthcare was something that I really, really loved.
12:43But then in 2008, I decided to join Pharmacyclics.
12:48And three weeks after that, I called Bob and I just said, Bob, it is not what we thought.
12:54And it was...
12:55And at that point, Bob was just an investor?
12:57Bob was a chairman of the...
12:58He was a chairman.
12:59He was not chairman.
13:00He was a board member and he was an investor at Pharmacyclics.
13:04And then Bob arrived on the 11th of September 2008 in the company.
13:11All of the board resigned.
13:14And that was the beginning of our journey at Pharmacyclics.
13:19And that is where we really started to start our phase one data and starting to enroll patients.
13:27This is for the drug Imbruvica.
13:29This is for the drug Imbruvica.
13:30Yeah.
13:31So we started our first patient was in the 28th of February 2009.
13:37By April, three months after that, the tumor shrank.
13:41And that was the moment...
13:43This is in humans or in doctors?
13:44In humans.
13:45In humans.
13:46In humans.
13:47That was the moment that I can say it was the best moment for everybody in the company.
13:51So we raised money.
13:53We did...
13:54We put the molecule in the different indications.
13:57As you know, blood cancer has a different indication.
14:00You go to mantasol, lymphoma, locomia.
14:03It's what is one drug, multiple opportunity.
14:06And I can say that was the beginning of the company.
14:09In 2011, we did our collaboration with Johnson & Johnson for 975 million US dollars.
14:15And that was the moment that everybody wanted to have another VTK.
14:19You became the bell of the ball, right?
14:21Right.
14:22Over those times.
14:23And then you fast forward to 2015.
14:252015, yes.
14:26We launched the product in November 2013.
14:29And then after that, in 2014, we decided to really, you know, sell the company.
14:35And from the moment that we decided to sell the company until we sold it was, I can say,
14:41exactly two and a half months, we did a 21 billion transaction for half of the company.
14:4621 billion dollars for half the company.
14:48And the motivation for selling, was it to be able to have the marketing and the power to
14:54get the drug out to the patients in a more effective way?
14:59You know what?
15:00The speed of the company was huge.
15:01From the moment where I can say the IND till the approval was exactly four years.
15:07But you have such an amazing story to invest in pharmacyclics, take a job there, realize
15:14it's got problems, have a drug that seems promising, take it through to approval, and
15:20then sell the company.
15:21And then now, and then after that, a few years after that, you had your own experience with
15:27cancer, right?
15:28Yes.
15:29I mean, tell us a little bit about that.
15:30So how did that affect your thinking and your experience of working to develop cancer drugs?
15:37You know, actually, after pharmacyc, I just say, okay, that is a time I can be with my son
15:43and everything.
15:44It's very unfortunate.
15:45It's around October 2019.
15:48I was, I feel really something strange.
15:51And I went to my sister, I just say, something going on here.
15:54And she just said, let's do mammography.
15:57They did a mammography.
15:58They did a biopsy.
15:59It was a Christmas time.
16:00My dad was in hospital and they brought me in the hospital.
16:03The surgery was on the 31st of New Year's.
16:07They did a surgery on me.
16:09So the both of us, we were in the same hospital, different department for different cancer.
16:14So, and that was the moment that I said, when cancer hit, your feeling is totally different.
16:22You know, always you think cancer or all of the catastrophe is for the others.
16:26It's not, you know, when it's very unexpected.
16:29You were stage two?
16:30I'm stage two.
16:31Yeah.
16:32So, and then anyway, I started to do all of my treatment.
16:35But as Dr. Sledge is a president of ASCO, ex-president of ASCO, he was my patient.
16:40He just said, you are the worst patient that I ever had in my life.
16:43I did a side effect after side effect, side effect after side effect.
16:46So I was really, everything shut down and I was really sick.
16:49I was really, really sick.
16:51And so anyway, I finished my radiotherapy.
16:54And at this moment of time, Bob, again, invest in a company, Summit Therapeutic.
17:01I always say, God will never give you more that you cannot endure.
17:04But on the other hand, I just say it was a good and a bad experience.
17:09You know, a good experience because now you have the experience of the patients.
17:14And I was talking about my sister because she helped me a lot along the way during my cancer therapy.
17:20But we were talking last week and you just say, you know, sometimes it's better that a patient die with hope.
17:26You know, with hope and not just when you say to the patient, that's it.
17:30Yeah.
17:31And you have no other.
17:32Sorry, we can't help you.
17:33Right.
17:34That's the worst part, you know.
17:35Stage three, four, you have a different category of mindset as the front line therapy, you know, and how you deal with the patients.
17:42Yeah.
17:43And what you can do for the patients.
17:44But as I said, it's in my life, my professional cancer therapy or everyday life.
17:51I say to myself, two percent chance is not zero percent.
17:54You know, you have to fight till the end.
17:56And if we can, we really can help one person even for one month.
18:01The one month make a whole difference in patient life because you never know.
18:05So that is why I believe the philosophy fight till the end, fight till the end because you never know what is tomorrow.
18:13And perhaps tomorrow is another cure of cancer.
18:15You never know.
18:16So Summit Therapeutics that you and Bob are co-CEOs of now, it seems like it's a little bit of a similar story to Pharmacyclics.
18:27Like, it was a public company when Bob invested in it, struggling, and then you've really turned things around.
18:37Yeah.
18:38Can you talk, I mean, do you see it that way?
18:40Do you see kind of a repeat?
18:41We are specialized on that, I believe now.
18:43Yeah.
18:44People see us like that, you know.
18:46And I love it every time that people say, oh, they are lucky.
18:49Luck doesn't exist.
18:50But you're really on the road to having potentially a blockbuster cancer drug potentially be approved.
18:56In the next, you know, year or two, which is, you know, unusual.
19:01It is very unusual.
19:03But you know what?
19:04Sometimes, again, people think that it's luck, but it's a lot of work.
19:08I mean, we have a great team.
19:10We have a great team at Pharmacyclic.
19:11We have a great, great team here at Summit.
19:13The top executives, they are honestly unmatchable, in my opinion, in the industry.
19:18Perhaps I have a little bit, you know, emotionally attached to each one of them.
19:22So you joined Summit first in what role?
19:27In November 2020, I joined Summit as a chief operating officer.
19:33And that was Bob, the year before that, he joined as, he was a CEO and chairman of the board.
19:42And he invest in the company.
19:45And I had my cancer.
19:47I couldn't get to the company for all of this moment.
19:50And then when I joined, it was November 2020.
19:54And actually, again, my dad say, are you going back after the cancer?
19:59What do you want?
20:00I just said, Dad, I have my mission.
20:02I have to go back.
20:03I went to Bob and I said, Bob, either we play big or we never play.
20:08Because after my cancer, it was not even a time to just be, oh, good to work in this company, you know?
20:15So when we joined, the team came and Bob and I were talking together to just see what we can do.
20:22And you just said, let's move the direction of the company from an antibiotic to the oncology.
20:31And at the same time, when we look at our data, we were actually, redinazole was a very, very great product.
20:38You know, you're antibiotic.
20:39Yeah.
20:40But the data was not, was equivalent of vancomycin.
20:45And it was very difficult to put another hundreds of million to just prove it differently.
20:50So at this moment of time, the team, and Dave Ganskert, I call him Dave G, it's easier.
20:59He led the team to look after different molecule, you know?
21:03And for one year, the entire group, they were looking after molecule to see, to evaluate different companies.
21:10And did you give them a mandate to go globally, you know, any country?
21:17The mandate was globally, they would look at every country, but they would look at an oncology
21:23product, not hemato-oncology, solid tumors, and late stage.
21:29So that was the four things, five things that we wanted to have.
21:33Because as I said, if we would have early stage, all of this team member, they were not really...
21:38That wasn't their focus.
21:39Yeah, that was not their focus.
21:40Yeah, that was not their focus.
21:41For people who might not know what bispecific means, like, talk a little bit about the
21:45mechanism...
21:46The mechanism of...
21:47In a very easy way, ivanicimab is a bispecific antibody.
21:52It has two mechanisms of action.
21:54One part of it is kind of immunotherapy, means that the immune system will kill the cancer.
22:01The other part is that you are cutting all of the nutrition and you're starving the cancer
22:08by cutting all of the blood supply.
22:11That is really the easiest way to talk about these bispecifics.
22:14So the bispecifics are going at the cancer two different ways.
22:17The two different ways.
22:18And that is how they are killing the cancer.
22:21And are there any approved bispecific drugs so far?
22:26I mean...
22:27Not equivalent for ivanicimab that we have on PD-1 and VJF and Epitor.
22:33It's one of the bispecifics of a Caso is approved in China.
22:39And ivanicimab is approved in China, but not the rest of the world.
22:43So ivanicimab is the name of the drug that you licensed from the Caso.
22:46Exactly.
22:47So, you know, if all goes well and it gets approved, then it's going to be a new kind
22:53of cancer drug, essentially.
22:54Exactly.
22:55It's really pushing the cancer treatment to the next level.
22:58Exactly.
22:59Exactly.
23:00Actually, when we got ivanicimab, the team, they worked in...
23:05It was the whole summer 2022.
23:08And after that, what we did, we started to do our deal with Ekeso, which was, again, a
23:17company with a 250 million market cap.
23:20It did a deal of 5 billion.
23:22And again, I give Bob a lot of credit in this regard.
23:24But the 5 billion works, you give them a certain amount of that up front.
23:28500 million up front, and the rest 4.5 billion as the entire...
23:33Milestones.
23:34Milestones.
23:35All the things, yeah.
23:36Once we get to the approval and commercializations.
23:38And at this moment of time, the company was at 250 million market cap.
23:42And again, everybody said, oh my God, what you guys are going to do and why you're doing
23:47that.
23:48It's a molecule from China.
23:49And previous of that, two of the big pharmaceutical companies that they tried to get the molecule,
23:55they failed on their product.
23:57So it was, again, skeptic, skeptic.
23:59Right.
24:00You're trying something that's failed with others.
24:03Why are you thinking?
24:04Why are you taking this risk?
24:05Of course, now, right?
24:06You have other...
24:07You're not the only US biotech company that's in-licensed from China.
24:11Exactly.
24:12At this moment of time...
24:13It's kind of a trend right now, right?
24:14Oh, totally.
24:15Totally.
24:16At this moment of time, we call our investors.
24:18Nobody wanted to put money.
24:20And then Bob, again, put a huge amount of money behind the company.
24:24So I believe I have around 700, 800 million.
24:27And as always, you just say, Maki, you put money?
24:29I just, okay.
24:30But at this point, I put a lot of money as well in this company.
24:33Because you came out of the Pharmacyclic sale to AbbVie with a bigger, much bigger sum.
24:38Yes.
24:39Now, with you owning just under 5% of Summit, the stock has gone through the roof because
24:45people, investors are very hopeful that you're going to have a winner with this.
24:49You know, you're going to be able to treat lots of people with this drug if it gets approved.
24:53You are now a billionaire.
24:55What is that like?
24:57It's for sure.
24:58It's for sure.
24:59You know what?
25:00It's nice.
25:01It's nice to be in this level of billionaires, but not that I expect that to be.
25:05But it just is, you know, you see a lot of things along the way.
25:08But you know, the true story is where I am, I love it where I am.
25:12I learned a lot along the way.
25:14I learned, I experienced a lot.
25:16And this company, opposite than many other companies, I don't know why I'm very relaxed.
25:21You know, I'm not stressed, oh my God, what's that's happened, this happened, you know.
25:26And along the way, when you have a success for sure, the money follow.
25:29But I'm very happy where I am right now.
25:31Yeah.
25:32But I would imagine what gets you up every day is the end result of being able to get a drug passed,
25:42approved by the FDA that can help cancer patients rather than making more money.
25:46I mean, I'm sure the money is fine.
25:48Yeah.
25:49I don't know because we are working at a cancer and cancer therapy or this type of company,
25:56but I see a lot of cancer patients.
25:58I mean, left and right, I'm hearing people text messaging us or emailing us.
26:03Can you help us with this?
26:04Can you help us with that?
26:06The cancer suddenly has changed.
26:08If before was an older age, now is more and more and more.
26:13I mean, look at colon cancer is between 20 and 30.
26:16Even pancreatic cancer is coming much earlier time than now, you know.
26:21Breast cancer from every eight women, one has a breast cancer.
26:25Now you're asking yourself what's happening around us, you know, and that is the moment then,
26:30and especially as I said, the lung cancer, breast cancer, all of them, colon cancer, they are not easy to treat.
26:37We are far, far from the cure.
26:40And lung cancer is hard to diagnose, particularly in non-smokers, right?
26:44Exactly.
26:45Because non-smokers do get lung cancer sometimes.
26:47Exactly.
26:48Lung cancer is difficult.
26:49Pancreatic is difficult.
26:50Colon cancer, each one of them is not, as I said, like a blood cancer.
26:52Yeah.
26:53It is for sure is very gratifying that you know that at minimum you are drug right now, and that was the result of last September's,
27:02and even the drug got approval last week.
27:05In China, when we went head-to-head against Keytruda, you know, we can, the progression-free survival,
27:12which is the time that the patient at minimum one billion is five months.
27:16Five months is a lot.
27:18Yeah.
27:19It's a lot.
27:20Five months.
27:21So Keytruda is Merck's big drug.
27:22Yes.
27:23That's kind of the big kahuna in cancer care.
27:27It's the king of the king.
27:28Yeah.
27:29That you're competing against, and analysts are predicting that your drug could outperform Keytruda, and you're going to be doing trials.
27:37We are.
27:38We are right now.
27:39We are doing a lot of phase three with our partners.
27:43They are right now around 20, more than 20, 25 phase one, phase two, phase three going on.
27:49And on the phase three, we are roughly around 10 phase three going on right now with this drug.
27:56Could we expect results that you could then send to the FDA?
28:00You could apply for the FDA next year sometime?
28:03I mean, publicly, we announced that sometimes end of the year, we can file our FDA filing.
28:12But then we are expecting sometimes around late 2026 beginning to have the product in the market.
28:21But at this point, we are working based on the data, how everything is going to be.
28:26But our drug got authorization in China, and they are selling it right now for two indications.
28:33We just finished our EGFR mutant for the lung cancer.
28:38But the frontline study, they're all ongoing right now for the next two years.
28:43So you shared some happy news.
28:45You and Bob, your co-CEO, got married in December.
28:49How does that affect your working relationship?
28:51Actually, you know, me and Bob, we always work together very nicely.
28:55And I can say in the company or in the business, the both of us, we know where we are going, how we are working together, are we working with the team?
29:04It's for sure when you come home, you're still talking about the business.
29:08And Sean, my son, is the same approach as well.
29:11So the three of us, we are very, very compatible together.
29:15But we have a lot of fun on working together and being in the private life.
29:19Well, clearly, you and Bob are very passionate about your work.
29:23It certainly comes through.
29:24I wish you the best.
29:25And thank you so much for your time.
29:27Thank you so much, Carrie.
29:28Really appreciate it.
29:29Thanks.