00:00It may be due to excessive jealousy, or due to the great intensity of the emotional bond, or perhaps due to a careless or incorrect management of meals.
00:25But it often happens that the animals that share environments and habits with us are overfed with foods rich in nutrients and poor in fiber.
00:35Naturally, if processed in time, this diet will determine a progressive increase in fat mass, especially if the life in the apartment does not allow the dog or cat to be able to make an adequate movement and burn the considerable amount of calories ingested.
00:52In the meantime, let's say right away that the dog and especially the cat are carnivorous animals with a predatory behavior,
01:02therefore linked to the search for prey, but also linked to more or less prolonged periods of fasting between one hunt and the other.
01:10With the much more incisive domestication process in dogs than in cats, the eating habits of these animals have changed significantly,
01:20with foods rich in simple sugars and fats, poor in fiber, foods that have also profoundly changed the intestinal environment,
01:29and therefore the composition of that intestinal microbiota, which in animals, as in humans, strongly influences a series of vital functions of the organism, in particular those metabolic.
01:42Although often overlooked by owners, even in domestic animals, states of overweight and obesity are to be considered pathologies,
01:52and they are nothing more than in frequent interest, according to recent estimates, about 60% of dogs and cats in the company,
02:00and it is known that obesity can cause the emergence of pathologies such as hepatic lipidosis, diabetes, atherosclerosis,
02:08and, in the most advanced phases of the animal's life, also neuronal degeneration and the decline of cognitive function with the appearance of anomalous behaviors.
02:18Let's consider the dog. The intestinal microbiota of an adult dog is composed of just over a thousand microorganisms.
02:2690% of these microorganisms, both in the dog and in the cat, belong to two large bacterial families, that of the bacteroidetes and that of the firmicutes,
02:37and it is the balance between five or six bacterial genes belonging to these two large families, in particular fecalibacterium, mescherichia coli, streptococcus, clostridium, and others,
02:49that fundamentally determines the state of eubiosis and therefore the state of health of the animal.
02:57Just as in humans, even in animals, the colonization of the intestine begins with the birth,
03:03but the microbial system in the first two months of life seems to be fundamental for the correct development of the immune system,
03:11food tolerance and metabolic balance.
03:16The possible imbalance of the intestinal microbiota leads to intestinal dysbiosis,
03:22which, as in humans, seems to strongly interfere also in the maintenance of good animal health.
03:28Let's try to make some examples, just to be a little more explicit.
03:32Animals with a microbiota characterized by a relative abundance of bacteroidetes have high hematopoietic rates of lipopolysaccharide.
03:42Lipopolysaccharide is a bacterial toxin, highly immunoactive but also highly inflammatory,
03:48which, once produced by these bacteria and released into the blood, interacts with the toll-like receptors of the innate immune system,
03:57thus determining a series of inflammatory effects that can, above all, affect the skeletal muscle system and the vascular system,
04:07a bit like what also happens in humans.
04:09On the other hand, domestic animals in which a relative abundance of the lactobacillus genus belongs to the group of Firmicutes,
04:21which in the graph we see colored in yellow,
04:25have an increased production of leptin, which is a hormone capable of reducing appetite and increasing energy consumption,
04:35under these conditions, which obviously lead to weight loss.
04:39Other examples could be made on this topic.
04:43However, I would like to remind you that the good balance of the intestinal microbiota guarantees the state of health of our animals
04:53and that probiotics rightly and correctly supplied, just as in humans,
04:59are able, for example, to slow down the destruction processes of the beta cells of the pancreas,
05:06those that produce insulin, but also to reduce the oxidative state and to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines.
05:23Thank you very much.
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