சென்னை ஐஐடியில் இந்தியாவிலேயே முதலாவது புற்றுநோய் மரபணு தரவுத்தளம்

ETVBHARAT

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00:00There are three types of usage for this.

00:03First, the data is provided in foreign countries.

00:06It is in the foreign NIH.

00:09The foreign DNA and our DNA are different.

00:12This is a general opinion.

00:15In biotech, we have done a lot of research,

00:17together with all the biologists and doctors.

00:22What we have discovered now is that

00:25the mutation of cancer in different regions may be different.

00:37That is why we have collected more than 900 samples.

00:41For 1.4 billion, we need to collect more than 1000 samples.

00:48These are very important studies.

00:51First, we can do an early detection.

00:54When a cancer is screened,

00:57the cancer is detected only after the mutation starts.

01:01When the mutation starts,

01:04we can see the data and prevent it.

01:10Second, we can give this medicine for this mutation.

01:15In the case of breast cancer,

01:18we can give personalized medicine.

01:21There is a suspicion that the medicine is not provided correctly.

01:25There are many opinions that the vaccine is not working for a particular mutation.

01:37So, we can give a different type of medicine for each mutation.

01:43This is why personalized medicine is possible.

01:48When there is no medicine for a particular mutation,

01:52we can use the drug pharma industry.

01:55We have released breast cancer for many reasons.

01:59Dr. Shah has said that we can release it for pancreatic cancer.

02:03If we have a common database in India,

02:09we can use it to prevent breast cancer.

02:14We can make India breast cancer free.

02:19They have collected this data after years of hard work.

02:24They have done many ethical clearances and processes.

02:28They have decided to release it for all cancers.

02:35I am proud of ATM Madras.

02:39Sir, how do we use this test?

02:42How do we use it for the public?

02:44First, it is science.

02:47Then, it is the product.

02:49In the case of corona, we brought it from PCR for Rs. 5000 to Rs. 100.

02:56First, we have to do research on how to use this data.

03:04We have to use AI and data analytics.

03:07We have to set a process for the treatment.

03:13After setting the process, we can do a cost-effective diagnosis.

03:18If we do it on a large scale, the cost will definitely reduce.

03:22In your budget, you have given a lot of attention to breast cancer.

03:25How do you see it now?

03:27Breast cancer is a disease that should not come to the cancer institute.

03:32It is a disease that the patients suffer from.

03:36It is a trauma.

03:38Breast cancer is a disease that should not come to the institute.

03:41We have to do everything to prevent it.

03:43Cancer care is announced in the budget.

03:49We can take the genome data from that.

03:51It will be useful for our database.

03:54If we publish it publicly, it will be very useful.

03:56Many people can do it.

03:57Similarly, we can give the data from here to daycare.

04:01We can give it to them on a cost-effective basis.

04:06Is there a kit to make it easier?

04:09Yes, there is a kit.

04:11To make the kit, we have to find out the process.

04:14If we know the process, we will definitely get the kit.

04:16In the case of corona, we had to pay Rs. 5000 for RT-PCR test.

04:20We had to pay Rs. 100 to Rs. 150 for the kit.

04:22The kit was good.

04:24Similarly, this will definitely happen.

04:27Will there be any changes in India?

04:31We are sure that there will be changes in foreign countries.

04:35Our guess is that there may be some changes in India.

04:39We believe that there will be changes.

04:41In terms of cancer incidence and mortality rate,

04:49if you compare it globally and in India,

04:55some cancers have a high incidence rate and mortality rate.

05:02If you look at the current treatment,

05:08the drug is developed based on the genomic changes available in the western population.

05:17We are giving the same drug here.

05:20You may have a side effect or a half target.

05:23Plus, the survival rate may not be equivalent to what you see in foreign countries.

05:30Why is that?

05:32There are different population levels here.

05:35In different population levels,

05:38the genetic makeup of our population will be different compared to the western population.

05:44If our population has a high survival rate,

05:50we have to look at the genetic modifications in our population.

05:58For that, we have to collect tissues and sequence them.

06:02Only if we sequence at the whole genome level,

06:05we will be able to identify the changes in our Indian population.

06:09When we do that, we can identify a specific gene with specific changes.

06:16We can use that gene as a marker for early diagnostics.

06:22We can use the same marker for monitoring the disease progression.

06:28We can monitor how the patient is responding to the available treatment.

06:35When we look at the unique changes in our population,

06:41we can develop a specific medicine for our own population.

06:47When we do that specific medicine,

06:49we can improve our survival rate much better.

06:52Equivalent to what we see outside the world.

06:55What kind of cancer can we treat?

07:01In India, some cancers have a high incidence rate.

07:09For example, breast cancer, oral cancer, colorectal cancer,

07:14stomach cancer, etc.

07:17When we compare all these, breast cancer has a high incidence rate.

07:20So, we started with breast cancer.

07:22If you want to do a genome, you need tissue samples.

07:27IIT Madras is collaborating with many hospitals in and around Chennai

07:34to collect the tissue after having all the ethical clearance.

07:38Without ethical clearance, you cannot collect the samples.

07:41Even after ethical clearance, we have to get the patient's informed consent.

07:45The patient is willing to donate the tissue for the genetic research.

07:50After getting the clearance and permission,

07:53we collected the tissue from different hospitals.

07:55We did the whole genome sequencing and exome sequencing.

08:01We completed more than 950 sequences from 500 breast cancer patients.

08:11What kind of changes do you see in our DNA?

08:16We have some specific unique changes in the Indian population

08:25which you don't see in the Western population.

08:28These unique changes may be responsible for the disease progression

08:33or can be used as a drug target to develop a new drug for our population.

08:38How will it be used?

08:40How will it be used by the public?

08:42How will it be used by the public?

08:45The new target is being identified by the public.

08:50New genes are being diagnosed early.

08:53We have done 1000 sequences from the 500 people.

08:59This data is not going to be the same.

09:02More number of samples will be added.

09:05Based on the unique changes in the population,

09:10we can use it as an early diagnostic marker.

09:14When you develop an early diagnostic marker,

09:16you can have an early intervention.

09:17So, you can have a better management of the cancer situation in India.

09:20Is it useful to change the medicine?

09:24Yes, it is definitely useful to change the medicine.

09:27Based on the genomic changes in the Indian population,

09:32we can use it as a target to develop a medicine.

09:41What are you going to do in the future?

09:44In the future, we are planning to develop an early diagnostic kit

09:49as well as identify the new target to develop drugs.

09:54What is your name?

09:58I am Professor Mahalingam,

10:01Professor in the Department of Biotechnology

10:03plus Head in the Center of Excellence of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Therapeutics at IIT Madras.

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