Emploi au Maroc : Le bilan de l’année 2024 avec Omar Tijani - 23/12/2024 - Vidéo Dailymotion

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MEDI1TV Afrique : Emploi au Maroc : Le bilan de l’année 2024 avec Omar Tijani - 23/12/2024

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00:00Ladies and gentlemen, hello and welcome to Focus Eco.

00:11In 2024, the unemployment rate rose to more than 21% according to the latest figures published by the HCP.

00:19Employment creation is now a major issue.

00:23Employment in Morocco, what are we talking about in this retrospective of employment that we are doing for the year 2024?

00:30With you, Mr. Omar Tijani, you are a professor of economics at the Faculty of Architecture.

00:34It is a pleasure to welcome you.

00:36It's a pleasure to be here. Hello to you, Madam Khamnichi and to your viewers.

00:40Thank you for the invitation.

00:41A pleasure to welcome you.

00:43So we're going to start without hesitation before talking about the report.

00:47But we're going to talk about this figure, which is 21.3% of the unemployment rate announced by the HCP.

00:55Was it an expected figure? Are we in a situation today that has become critical?

01:02Do we have to sound the alarm?

01:07Yes, we tend to go towards mass unemployment, which is critical of the social situation of the labor market in Morocco.

01:18We are used to consulting the statistics of the HCP, which are rather periodic, every quarter, which are less dramatic than that.

01:28Recently, we have the figure of 21%, which in fact has to bring us together as economic and social actors,

01:36government and economic actors, companies, etc., to think about possible solutions.

01:41How do you explain this increase in unemployment?

01:45And in the end, if we had to do the report this year when we talk about employment, is it a pessimistic report?

01:52Yes, the causes are multiple.

01:55I can qualify that, I can distinguish that in causes, if you will, exogenous or objective,

02:03linked essentially to the changes in the labor market.

02:06Recently, after Covid, the labor market has seen profound changes.

02:12Young people are not equipped, let's say, are not ready to face these changes,

02:20especially with the Moroccan educational system.

02:23Jobs that appear, others that disappear.

02:25The labor market requires agility, problem-solving, autonomy,

02:31which the Moroccan educational system does not allow, does not give to young people.

02:38So the changes in the labor market, on the one hand,

02:41also the drought that hit the kingdom during the last two years,

02:46which has caused us to lose jobs in the rural world.

02:51Concerning the causes, let's say, subjective or endogenous, linked to the actions of the government,

02:58first of all, the economic growth that has found difficulties to take place

03:08because of the economy that is actually closed.

03:12The liberalization of the labor market is on the brink, in fact.

03:16We have an economy that is rather, that has slum niches.

03:21This is a handicap for economic growth.

03:24Second, the low rate of industrialization in Morocco,

03:29with the various programs, the Industrial Acceleration Programme 2014-2020,

03:35its objectives of increasing the industrial GDP by 25%,

03:39it has not been successful.

03:43And also, finally, the fiscal pressure,

03:47with the social issues of social coverage and the World Cup organization,

03:52the state's recipes set objectives.

03:56And we put pressure on companies for that.

03:59And that breaks employment, in fact.

04:01– Multiple reasons, in any case, that you have just mentioned,

04:05but there are also multiple external shocks,

04:08an inflation that has been imported, wars,

04:10so an international conjuncture that logically impacts the national economy.

04:16And yet, the Moroccan economy has always shown to be more or less resilient.

04:19Growth is positive.

04:21But in terms of unemployment, it poses a problem.

04:24Even if growth is positive, in terms of employment,

04:27we do not create enough.

04:29– Yes, growth is always positive.

04:31We make more GDP each year than last year.

04:36Now, to reconcile the economic and the social is not easy.

04:41It is a subtle mixture, delicate to find,

04:46between the economic logic and the social logic, in fact.

04:50In my opinion, it is necessary that all the actors

04:55intervening in the Moroccan economy,

05:00the government and the economic actors,

05:03come together and put themselves in place.

05:05And also, the levers on the labor market,

05:07universities, etc., question themselves

05:10to find solutions, common solutions.

05:14Economic growth is linked to the rates

05:18that we know each year, between 3% and 4%.

05:22But the existence of income niches in the economy

05:27allows us not to take advantage of this economic growth.

05:31– When you talk about income niches, can you go further?

05:35– Yes.

05:36If you look at the new development model in Morocco,

05:47the Moroccan economy has experienced a weak liberalization.

05:55The process of liberalization, although it is necessary,

05:59has a hard time settling.

06:01Some sectors reason as if we have a pie.

06:08The more actors and competitors we have,

06:11the less we will have each.

06:13However, the economy does not work like that.

06:15The economic state of mind sees that the more we are in a sector,

06:21we will produce two pies.

06:24– The more competitive we are, the more competitive we are.

06:26– Exactly, the more competitive we are,

06:27we will produce two pies, to return to the example.

06:31I am not saying that all sectors are full.

06:37But some niches also make economic growth difficult to settle.

06:44It's not just that.

06:46I believe that in Morocco we do a lot of things

06:50to encourage investment,

06:53whether national or international.

06:57The Moroccan capital in terms of national investment

07:00still has to make efforts

07:02because 60% of the investment is made by the state.

07:05– So go a little more towards the private sector

07:08to create more growth.

07:10You were talking earlier about skills and human capital.

07:14When we talk about training today in Morocco,

07:18is there an inadequacy

07:21between the current existing training

07:24and the needs of the market?

07:26You were talking about mutations.

07:28We are in the middle of it,

07:30we are living today a mutation in the labor market in general.

07:34How not to miss this gap?

07:37– Very well, I come from the university environment.

07:39We often tend to send the responsibility of unemployment

07:43partly to the university.

07:46In the global scheme, yes.

07:49There is an inadequacy between training

07:53and the demands of the labor market.

07:55But I believe that the university has made an effort

07:57in terms of subsidiaries,

07:59the adaptation of subsidiaries

08:01in relation to what the economic actors demand.

08:03But I believe that the biggest handicap is in the methods

08:06and the way of teaching,

08:08and what we teach young people.

08:11Now we go to the university to acquire knowledge.

08:15This is no longer the objective.

08:18Knowledge is democratized now.

08:20It is banalized, it is shared by everyone.

08:22It is on the platforms.

08:24We must change teaching methods.

08:26We must pass on to young people

08:29autonomy, responsibility, soft skills,

08:32the ability to solve problems, agility.

08:35– Or maybe focus on these new jobs

08:38that are being created.

08:40– Yes, also.

08:42Support Industry 4.0

08:45which requires skills

08:47that the university does not also offer.

08:51AI, database...

08:55– When you talk about industry,

08:58isn't there also a new risk

09:00when we talk about these new skills,

09:02artificial intelligence,

09:04the development of technology, of robotization?

09:07The employee, Lombeda,

09:10who worked 8 hours a day,

09:12can now be replaced by a machine

09:14that could work 24 hours a day.

09:17We would have fewer people

09:19for the maintenance of these machines.

09:21Is there a new risk

09:23that is taking place on the horizon?

09:25– This is a myth.

09:27That technology will replace man

09:30and will steal our jobs.

09:32– Some jobs, in any case.

09:34– Yes, but there is an ecosystem

09:37of jobs that open up.

09:40There is a big lever of employability.

09:47I do remote work.

09:53For example, young people

09:57who work with foreign companies

10:00in freelance.

10:02I'm talking about everything

10:04that new technology and computing

10:07can offer.

10:09Yes, some jobs will disappear,

10:12but more jobs will appear.

10:15We have to adapt to this

10:19and give our young people skills

10:23to support this change,

10:25rather than staying in the classic logic

10:28of transferring knowledge to the university.

10:31Unfortunately, we don't even transfer skills,

10:34but knowledge.

10:36I say that it has changed.

10:38It has started to change.

10:40I come from a university.

10:42I see it more closely.

10:44We have to make more efforts on this

10:46and give young people empowerment.

10:50It allows them to be more autonomous

10:54and more capable of solving problems instantly.

10:59– So, in this assessment that we are doing

11:01to conclude, if we had to project

11:03on the prospects of employment

11:05for the next year,

11:07so for 2025,

11:09what measures could we put in place

11:11to fix the situation very quickly?

11:14– To liberalize the economy more,

11:16more economic growth,

11:18that's in the long term.

11:20And try to balance the fiscal logic

11:22and the economic logic.

11:24That's in the long term.

11:26In the short term,

11:28to reduce the unemployment figure

11:31that is mentioned,

11:33we have to flexibilize the labor market.

11:36One.

11:37Two.

11:38Put more funds where we lose jobs.

11:41That is, in the rural world.

11:43The rural world is full of potential.

11:45There is not only agriculture and agriculture.

11:47There is rural tourism.

11:48There is corporate entrepreneurship.

11:50Everyone...

11:52You want to spend a weekend in the countryside,

11:55in a yacht or in a chalet, etc.

11:58Rural tourism,

12:00cooperatives,

12:02craftsmanship,

12:03agriculture, etc.

12:05Put money on it

12:07and create an entrepreneurial and wage-earning ecosystem

12:10in the rural world,

12:11where we lose jobs.

12:12– Thank you, Mr. Ahoma Tijani.

12:14I remind you that you are a professor of economics

12:16at the Faculty of Agriculture.

12:17It was a pleasure to have you with us

12:19for this report on employment in 2024.

12:21– Thank you and happy new year.

12:23– Happy new year to our dear viewers as well.

12:26This is the end of Focus Éco for today.

12:28See you tomorrow for a new report.

12:30Have a great day.

Emploi au Maroc : Le bilan de l’année 2024 avec Omar Tijani - 23/12/2024

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