Endosymbiotic Theory | SKW Biology

Endosymbiotic Theory Simplified!

Did you know mitochondria & chloroplasts were once free-living cells?

3.8 Billion Years Ago: First prokaryotic cells appeared.
2.7 Billion Years Ago: Eukaryotic cells emerged from prokaryotes.
Evolution: Membrane infoldings created the first nucleus.
➡️ Endosymbiosis: Eukaryotes engulfed aerobic prokaryotes, forming mitochondria.
Chloroplasts: Cyanobacteria were engulfed by eukaryotes, leading to chloroplasts in plants.

Evidence:

Mitochondria & chloroplasts replicate like bacteria.
Their DNA resembles prokaryotic genomes.
Unique proteins (porins, cardiolipin) are found in both.
‍ Mitochondrial Inheritance: Mitochondria are inherited only from your mother!


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