00:00Milk is a complex food, in which proteins, sugars and fats, or macronutrients, are added to micronutrients, such as calcium, vitamins, minerals and other molecules that, for our body, seem to be endowed with integrations that are not.
00:21are added to micronutrients such as calcium, vitamins, minerals, and other molecules
00:27that, for our body, seem to have important regulatory functions.
00:32But if milk and dairy products have always been an important part of our food habits and gastronomic traditions,
00:39why is dairy considered an unsuitable food for children under the age of 5?
00:44What has led the Italian Institute of Health to discourage the consumption of dairy products in early childhood?
00:50First of all, it must be made clear that on the nutritional level, not only,
00:54dairy and human milk are not exactly the same thing,
00:58in the sense that, for example, compared to breast milk,
01:02dairy is poorer in iron and contains different quality saturated fats and proteins,
01:08so that in the first year of life, the ideal food remains breast milk,
01:15breast milk that, where possible, should remain the only food in the first six months of life,
01:21if ever then integrated with some other food from the seventh month onwards.
01:26As for the indications provided by the Institute of Health,
01:30according to which milk and cheese should be prohibited for very small children,
01:36the reference is to raw milk.
01:39Raw milk, which from a nutritional point of view can also be better than the pasteurized one,
01:45but if subjected to thermal treatment, it becomes much safer.
01:50In France, already in 2020, the Food Authority had established that children under the age of 5
01:57should not consume raw milk and cheeses derived from it,
02:01with the exception of those made from cooked pasta.
02:04The decision was based on the report of several infectious episodes
02:07that, over time, were verified at the age of children who had eaten raw milk cheese,
02:13including Camembert, Brie and Mondore.
02:17In Italy, too, there are reports of serious complications
02:20found in children who had ingested raw milk cheese contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria.
02:27The infection is potentially capable of generating clinical consequences,
02:31even rather severe, due to the release by the infecting agent
02:36of a powerful toxin called Shiga toxin, as the name suggests.
02:41Now, this toxin, in turn, can cause a series of consequences of various severity,
02:48above all represented from a clinical point of view by an important syndrome
02:54called SEU, which means Uremic Hemolytic Syndrome,
02:58clinically characterized by acute renal failure,
03:02hemolytic anemia,
03:05the infecting agent that produces this toxin
03:08belongs to a particular type of Escherichia coli,
03:12called STEC, from the initials of Escherichia coli, Shiga, toxin,
03:17and it is a bacterium that lives in the intestine of animals
03:20and that can be transferred whole in other environments,
03:24for example, the ground, water or milk,
03:27reaching up to raw milk cheese.
03:30It must be said, in reality, that this infection can manifest
03:34without particular symptoms of significant severity,
03:40so it can generate, perhaps, a stomach ache, diarrhea, vomiting,
03:44and pass spontaneously in the time span of a few days,
03:48but in small children or in any case in immunologically capable subjects,
03:53in the elderly or in the immunocompromised,
03:56this infection can cause severe consequences,
04:00in the short and long term.
04:03In Italy, the Ministry of Health believes that milk,
04:06although produced in full compliance with the specific rules of prophylaxis,
04:10with rigorous checks in the various steps of the diet,
04:13may not be, in the end, a totally safe food.
04:17It is well understood, in our country,
04:19the sale of raw milk is still not forbidden.
04:22What is strongly reiterated,
04:24especially where it should be opted for the choice of unpasteurized milk
04:29or, in any case, not long-term preservation,
04:32is the recommendation to boil the milk,
04:35that is, to substitute the milk for domestic thermal treatment,
04:39that treatment that our mothers have carried out for decades
04:43with good discounts of effectiveness and safety.
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