00:00The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided to award the 2024 Nobel Prize
00:07in Physics to John Hopfield, Princeton University, USA, and Geoffrey Hinton, University of Toronto,
00:17Canada, for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial
00:25neural networks.
00:27Good morning, Professor Hinton.
00:28Good morning.
00:29Please accept our warmest congratulations to receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics.
00:38Thank you very much.
00:39How do you feel right now?
00:43I'm flabbergasted.
00:44I had no idea this would happen.
00:47I'm very surprised.
00:49I think it will have a huge influence.
00:50It will be comparable with the Industrial Revolution, but instead of exceeding people
00:56in physical strength, it's going to exceed people in intellectual ability.
01:02We have no experience of what it's like to have things smarter than us, and it's going
01:09to be wonderful in many respects.
01:11In areas like health care, it's going to give us much better health care.
01:15In almost all interests, it's going to make them more efficient.
01:19People are going to be able to do the same amount of work with an AI assistant in much
01:23less time.
01:24It will mean huge improvements in productivity, but we also have to worry about a number of
01:31possible bad consequences, particularly the threat of these things getting out of control.
01:40This can be used for many kinds of applications, and one of them is, for example, processing
01:46image data.
01:47When you do medical X-rays or MRI images and so forth, doctors need to look for certain
01:56things in the image that can be a sign of a tumor or something, but you can train an
02:00artificial neural network on what are known to be tumors, images that you know this is
02:05a problem.
02:06You train the network, and then it can become very fast and efficient at finding this in
02:10images, and it can work much more quickly or assist the doctor and be much more certain
02:16in the diagnosis.
02:17It's so powerful that it can do things that also can be used for very negative things
02:24like creating images which look real but are totally fake, and imitating people's voices,
02:33and so you could have a conversation and think that you're talking to somebody on a phone,
02:38but no, it's just their voice, and somebody else is behind it.
02:42That kind of thing can be very dangerous, and it's important that with this new technology
02:48we understand how to use it.
02:50As with all technologies, it can be used for either good or bad, and that's up to us as
02:56human beings to decide how we should use it.
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