00:00It is an extraordinary species that is very important in the world cuisine and that we will talk about in today's episode of the Taste of Health.
00:07It is a species obtained from the fruits of a climbing arborea plant whose height can exceed 5 meters.
00:15It belongs to the family of the Piperaceae and is grown in different regions of the world in tropical and subtropical climates.
00:24Piper nigrum is the name of this plant and its fruits, which are trunks, give rise to black pepper seeds.
00:33Let's see!
00:54Black pepper is certainly the most used spice in the cuisine of the whole world, especially in the Italian one.
01:07Black pepper has an intense, hot aroma, it is neither sweet nor bitter, it is simply spicy.
01:14In this sense, it is used in the kitchen to arrange the most diverse recipes.
01:21It is so widespread that it has given its name to some dishes.
01:26I think, for example, of the pepper fillet or the fettuccine cacio e pepe.
01:31It is present in many sauces and it is present as an aroma in many salads.
01:37The black pepper seeds are obtained from the fruits of the tree, which are trunks.
01:42These trunks, which at maturation become red, are collected, still green,
01:48the pepper seeds are extracted, which are then subjected to an indispensable drying process
01:55to give the pepper its flavor, its long and noble aroma.
02:01The history of black pepper is that in the past it was even used to pay taxes and taxes.
02:09But let Marco Renna tell us about this.
02:19It is said that black pepper was already known since prehistory.
02:24Well, in India, in antiquity, it was certainly one of the most considered and most appreciated spices,
02:33especially in terms of marketing and sales.
02:37One of the most important and interesting markets for India was the Roman Empire.
02:45The Romans made considerable use of black pepper.
02:49Pliny the Elder also speaks of this spice in his Naturalis Historia, but he does not speak of it in slanderous terms.
02:59On the contrary, he styles a sort of critical note on this spice, which cost the Empire not a few resources.
03:09The Romans, in short, spent a lot just for a little bit of spiciness.
03:14And speaking of spiciness, we can say that in modern culture or in the common language,
03:19the word pepper is used when referring to a relationship that deserves to be enlivened.
03:28Putting pepper in a relationship means making it more interesting,
03:33making it more fun, perhaps even more lasting over time.
03:38And then there is certainly something that belongs to the collective imagination at the universal level,
03:45especially for the Italians or for those who decide to make a trip to Rome
03:50and when in the evening they go to one of the many splendid ghiottes and trattories of Trastevere,
03:57they cannot avoid ordering a pasta cacio e pepe.
04:03Pepper
04:09From the pepper plant, depending on the degree of maturation of the fruits to the harvest,
04:14you can get the green pepper, in which the grains are harvested before maturation,
04:19or the black pepper, which is the most widespread pepper in the world since antiquity,
04:23and in this case the grains are harvested in the middle of maturation,
04:27or the white pepper, in which the fruits are harvested at full maturation
04:31and the grains are deprived of the outer shell.
04:33In this case, the grains have a less spicy and aromatic flavor.
04:37The pink pepper, on the other hand, is obtained from another type of white pepper
04:40and the flavor in this case is much more delicate and less spicy.
04:43In any case, all types of pepper, so I speak of black, green and white pepper,
04:47share the same nutritional profile, which turns out to be very interesting
04:51due to the fact that it is responsible for the numerous beneficial properties attributed to this spice.
04:57In particular, 100 grams of pepper provide 296 calories.
05:01They are rich in fiber and vitamins, in particular vitamins A, B3, B6 and even vitamin E.
05:07Among the minerals are calcium, iron and potassium.
05:11Pepper is characterized above all by the presence of piperine,
05:15an alkaloid present in the peel and seed of the fruit.
05:18This substance is responsible for its characteristic spicy flavor
05:23and therefore for its numerous beneficial properties.
05:25In the peel of the pepper there are also terpenes.
05:28Terpenes are sweeteners that give them a characteristic woody and floral aroma.
05:35In the kitchen, pepper is the king of spices.
05:37With its characteristic spicy and aromatic flavor, it gives a particular flavor to many dishes.
05:44The seeds are used to prepare broths or sausages,
05:47while as regards the seeds ground at the moment,
05:50they are used above all to flavor second dishes of meat and fish and also in some cases first dishes.
05:56The suggestion is always to grind the pepper at the moment before consuming it,
06:01so as to be able to preserve the aroma but above all the very important beneficial properties of this spice.
06:14Like all oriental spices, pepper in history has been both a seasoning and a medicine.
06:20This is due to the many health components that are present inside it
06:25and that now, as usual, we are going to analyze in our decalogue.
06:33The piperine of which I spoke previously is also able to influence the biodisposability of important drugs and phytonutrients,
06:43such as turmeric, resveratrol, beta-carotene, gallic acid,
06:49favoring intestinal absorption, regulating metabolism and also transporting it into the body.
07:00In laboratory studies in vitro, it has been shown that the piperine is also able to protect from oxidative damage
07:07by inhibiting or extinguishing the free radicals and the oxidative species of oxygen,
07:13which lead to a faster cellular aging and to all the pathologies that are related to that aging.
07:24Precisely because of the great antioxidant potential of the pipernigrum and its components,
07:29research on the antitumor effects of this substance is a very hot topic,
07:35as demonstrated by the large number of scientific publications that are produced in this regard.
07:40Of course, at the moment there is only preclinical data,
07:44waiting to have the results of clinical studies conducted on oncological patients.
07:53The black pepper also has a metabolic action, in the sense that it works a lot on the metabolism of sugars,
07:59as it tends to increase insulin sensitivity, which I recall is the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels,
08:06and also tends to reduce cholesterol levels.
08:13The pipernigrum is included in the composition of some nutraceutic products
08:17that are used for the treatment of vitiligin because of its ability to increase the production of melatonin.
08:26Capsaicin is contained in the black pepper, which has a deodorant, fluidifying and decongestant property.
08:33For this reason, in India, black pepper is still used to treat otolaryngo-iatric disorders in humans
08:41and gastrointestinal disorders in veterinary medicine.
08:48Black pepper also stimulates the production of endorphins
08:51and can be found among aphrodisiac foods,
08:54as, thanks to its ability to induce vasodilation,
08:58which brings it to the pepper, it can bring benefits to patients with erectile dysfunction.
09:08A reasonable consumption of black pepper is not associated with particular contraindications,
09:13if they should ever pay attention to this substance,
09:16people who should suffer from chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastroesophageal reflux.
09:22As far as allergies are concerned, I only remember that black pepper is part of the large range of spices,
09:29so subjects with documented awareness of this category of substances should pay particular attention.
09:46Over the years, several scientific revisions have explored the potential properties of
09:52antidepressants, antispasmolytics, antidiarrhoids, antibacterial and antimicotics,
09:59and even anti-asthmatic properties of black pepper,
10:02but the scientific debate on these topics is still open.
10:16Transcription by ESO. Translation by —
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