00:00The change of temperature every year brings with it the first seasonal illnesses, with the classic symptoms of sore throat, cough, numbness of the thermometer in the hand.
00:27It is common to attribute these disorders to the flu, but is it really so?
00:57There are several known viral agents, to which, a few years ago, the new coronavirus has also been added.
01:05Now, the transmission of these viral agents occurs above all by air, through the droplets of saliva of those who sneeze or cough, but also by contact with hands if ever contaminated by secretions.
01:23Therefore, living in direct contact with infected people certainly favors the multiplication and re-circulation of these viral diseases.
01:36Similar influenza-like cooling disorders can be determined in the lightest forms by rhinoviruses that cause the common cold.
01:45In the most important clinical frameworks, other infectious agents are at stake, such as viruses that belong to the family of paramyxoviruses,
01:55including the syncytial respiratory virus and the virus of the parainfluenza, which are furthermore distinguished in four types.
02:04Then there are also enteroviruses, which can also be spread through feces and can cause intestinal disorders as well as respiratory disorders.
02:13In the common cold, that of rhinovirus, the symptoms, which generally begin three or four days after the infection, are mainly represented by an involvement of the upper respiratory tracts,
02:27and therefore we will have nasal obstruction, feeling of a closed nose and then still a nose that flows, sneezing, sore throat, cough, rauced,
02:35usually there is no fever or, at the limit, there may be a fever.
02:40However, in some circumstances, this viral infection of the upper respiratory tracts may be associated with a bacterial superimposition,
02:51and then we may have fevers and productive cough of excretion, sometimes dense or yellowish, typical of bacterial infection.
03:01Parainfluenza forms, on the other hand, generally manifest both in children and adults with an involvement of the upper and lower respiratory tracts,
03:13so in these cases we may have, for example, otitis or sinusitis or even conjunctivitis,
03:21and then we may have pharyngitis with consequent sore throat, laryngotracheitis, tracheobronchitis, in some cases even pneumonia.
03:31It must be said that in parainfluenza forms, respiratory symptoms may also be associated with more systemic symptoms,
03:39so we may have joint or muscle pain, we may have a fever, we may have a headache, we may have a sense of dizziness.
03:50However, it must be said that these systemic evolutions of the pathology are more typical of the real influenza than of parainfluenza syndromes.
04:00As for the time of resolution, let's say that the cold generally tends to dissolve over a period of 7 days or a little more,
04:09while the parainfluenza forms, when properly treated with appropriate therapy, generally dissolve in 4-5 days.
04:19If we have contracted a common cold, or maybe we are in bed with symptoms of parainfluenza syndromes,
04:25we can control some disorders and support the body in the fight against the infection.
04:30Rest, adequate supply of liquids and intake of foods rich in vitamins, if ever with the support of specific integrators,
04:38will certainly be important to help us heal faster.
04:42But for pharmacological therapies, we always rely on the competence of doctors.
04:49For the treatment of these viral forms, antipyretic drugs are generally used in cases where there is a fever,
04:57or generally anti-inflammatory drugs that are used above all to reduce collateral symptoms,
05:05such as the painful symptomatology of the upper airways or the painful symptomatology of the skeletal muscle compartment.
05:14Fluidifying and mucolytic drugs can also be useful, decongestant drugs can also be useful,
05:22if ever given in the nose or orally. In such cases, antihistamines can also be used.
05:30I remind you that in viral forms it is completely useless to use antibiotics,
05:36because it is well known that antibiotics do not work on viral agents, but on bacterial agents.
05:44So, if ever you can resort to antibiotics, only in the event of any bacterial over-infections,
05:51in the most at-risk subjects, the doctor will have to verify the hypothesis of adding an antiviral therapy.
06:00I remind you, however, and we will say it in one of the next episodes of our series,
06:06that prevention remains the fundamental element.
06:10Prevention, while by influence it identifies in the vaccine the most valid and effective tool,
06:17in the para-influential forms it will have to identify other strategies,
06:22which are strategies mainly aimed at avoiding infections.
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