Electric Train Pantograph Working Explained With 3D Animation

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Transcript

00:00Why do rain, snow and freezing weather affect the operation of trains?

00:04This has to do with an important electrical equipment of the train, that is, the pantograph.

00:08This is the simplest pantograph.

00:10The pantograph can move up and down when it is in contact with the overhead wire.

00:14When the contact is established, it will provide current to the train.

00:18The current will travel along the line to the train's motor to provide forward power for the train.

00:24However, the stability of this pantograph is too poor and it is easy to break.

00:29So engineers have further improved the pantograph.

00:32The pantograph is tilted backward and connected with a spring.

00:36However, this design will cause the overhead line to break in the long run.

00:41In order to fix the pantograph, engineers added a fixing rod on the other side.

00:46At the same time, in order to better connect the pantograph to the overhead line,

00:51they added a guide groove on the top of the pantograph.

00:54But there was a problem.

00:55Long-term friction between the overhead line and the guide groove

00:59would cause the guide groove to wear more and more, leading to poor contact or damage.

01:04So the engineers made further improvements to make the pantograph less prone to wear.

01:09The bow is designed like this.

01:11In order to prevent the pantograph from contacting only one point of the overhead line,

01:16engineers also designed the overhead line to be bent like this.

01:20This way, the overhead line can move back and forth on the pantograph,

01:24which greatly reduces the risk of electric shock.

01:26In order to prevent the overhead wire from being damaged,

01:29the engineer added another layer of carbon tape to the pantograph.

01:33With this design, there is no problem when the train is running at low speed.

01:37However, as the train speed gets faster and faster,

01:40the airflow will surround the pantograph, thereby generating a downward force.

01:45And the eddy current at this location will also cause the pantograph to vibrate,

01:50so the pantograph will eventually operate like this,

01:53which will lead to poor pantograph contact.

01:55To solve this problem, the pantograph bow has been further improved and designed like this.

02:00This design can greatly reduce the air resistance

02:03and make the pantograph more closely contact with the overhead lines.

02:07However, it then encounters new problems due to the large size of the pantograph.

02:12It uses a large power to lift, and it is also very complicated to repair.

02:18Finally, the pantograph was designed into the shape that is still used today,

02:22that is, a single-arm pantograph.

02:25The single-arm pantograph is not only simple in structure,

02:28light in weight, but also easy to adjust and maintain.

02:33The cost is even lower.

02:35What we have mentioned above is basically solving the problem

02:38of the contact between the pantograph and the overhead line.

02:42It is indeed more complicated to solve, especially in heavy snow or freezing rain weather.

02:48The overhead line of the contact network is very easy to freeze,

02:52and the ice layer wraps the overhead line.

02:54This will lead to poor pantograph contact and arcing,

02:58causing sparks and lightning to affect the normal operation of the train.

03:02In severe cases, the train will be completely powered off and out of service.

03:07Of course, there are many reasons for train outage.

03:10This video is only for explaining the effects of pantographs.

03:13Thanks for watching like comment share and follow.

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