00:00Everything seems to start from an ancient legend according to which an Ethiopian shepherd,
00:05seeing his goats become much more energetic after eating the berries of a herb called wild coffee,
00:12decides to collect the fruits for himself to make an infusion that, once drunk,
00:18also seemed to give him a strong vigor, a strong physical charge.
00:23From Ethiopia, this drink spread also in Egypt and then, starting from the 16th century,
00:29also in Europe, reaching us to become, as it currently is,
00:34the most consumed drink in the world after water.
00:38Well, it is precisely coffee that I intend to talk to you about today,
00:42but in the unprecedented framework of ferments, yes,
00:45because even some bacteria of our intestine seem to like it a lot,
00:49I don't know if it's the taste, I don't know if it's the aroma, but certainly the effects of coffee.
01:03Coffee is certainly a hypocaloric drink that contains a large amount of substances inside it.
01:11Among the various substances contained in coffee, certainly the best known is caffeine,
01:16an alkaloid known for its important effects on vigilance and physical energy.
01:24In fact, it seems that caffeine is able to promote the release,
01:30therefore the bioavailability of important neurotransmitters,
01:34among which, above all, serotonin, and this is the reason why,
01:38after having drunk a good cup of coffee,
01:41we feel more energetic and more able to face the day,
01:46but caffeine is also able to determine an inhibition action
01:52of the release of some inflammatory interleukins,
01:56thus determining an action, let's say, anti-inflammatory on the colon cells,
02:02and also, according to some observations, however, still to be verified,
02:08caffeine would also be able to slow down cell growth in the colon tumors.
02:14I repeat, in this last case, it is a hypothesis to be verified.
02:19However, it is not only caffeine present in the drink of coffee,
02:24there are also other substances, among which I would like to mention polyphenols,
02:29and among polyphenols, above all, the caffeine acid,
02:32which is able to perform an important neuroprotective action,
02:37in the sense that it would be able to offer a protection action
02:43on neurodegeneration processes.
02:46However, there are also the harmful effects of coffee.
02:50Coffee is a drink that can cause asphyxiation,
02:53so it could eventually aggravate pre-existing pathological states,
02:57especially in the cardiovascular district.
03:00Moreover, a particular attention should be paid to coffee during pregnancy,
03:06as excessive consumption of coffee can also slow down fetal growth.
03:12And then, further information that I would like to add,
03:15is that coffee can stimulate the production of gastric juices,
03:20so subjects who suffer from gastroesophageal reflux
03:26must limit or, if possible, temporarily avoid the consumption of coffee.
03:32But coffee also seems to have a significant impact on our intestinal microbiota.
03:38A recent study review, in fact, has shown that coffee
03:43would be able to have a significant impact on the composition,
03:49both qualitative and quantitative, of the bacteria
03:52that make up our intestinal flora.
03:56In particular, some components of coffee, such as caffeine and chlorogenic acid,
04:01seem to stimulate the growth of some good bacteria,
04:06especially Ackermansia and bifidobacteria,
04:09and inhibit the growth of bacteria that are far from good,
04:13such as some proteobacteria,
04:16such as Escherichia coli,
04:19but also Bacteroides, Clostridae or other pathogenic bacteria.
04:25On the other hand, other components of coffee, such as polyphenols,
04:30also seem to greatly increase the growth of bifidobacteria, Ackermansia
04:35and also of Fecalibacterium prausnitzii,
04:38which is a decisively positive bacteria for our health.
04:42All this seems to have significant consequences on our health,
04:48considering, for example, that the increase of Ackermansia mucinifila
04:52and bifidobacteria certainly exerts a positive action
04:57in contrast to the genesis of pathologies such as diabetes, type 2 mellitus
05:04or even some non-alcoholic liver diseases,
05:09such as non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis or NASH,
05:14as well as the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria,
05:18especially proteobacteria,
05:20could somehow preserve us from the emergence of other pathologies,
05:25such as cystitis, rather than prostatitis,
05:29or other pathologies in the urogenital field.
05:32Now, these are evidences that are increasingly coming to light
05:38thanks to the studies that have been carried out
05:41and that continue to be carried out on the intestinal microbiota
05:44and that reserve us more and more unprecedented surprises
05:47compared to the beneficial actions of this hidden organ.
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