Des Scientifiques Ont Trouvé Un Endroit Sur Terre Qui Ressemble À La Surface De Vénus

Sympa

Les scientifiques ont mesuré l'ensoleillement sur le plateau de Chajnantor, où se trouve le réseau d'antennes millimétriques Atacama Large Millimeter Array, et ont constaté qu'il était de 2 177 watts par mètre carré. Ce niveau d'ensoleillement est similaire à ce que l'on ressentirait si l'on était à 79 % de la distance de la Terre au Soleil. Comment un endroit sur Terre peut-il être aussi ensoleillé que Vénus ? Il se trouve que les nuages dans le désert d'Atacama sont à blâmer. Au lieu de bloquer la lumière du soleil, ces nuages peuvent parfois concentrer les rayons du Soleil sur la surface, comme une loupe.  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Hi, there is a place on Earth that looks like Venus.

00:04It's the Atacama Desert, in Chile.

00:06I don't think you would like to spend your holidays there.

00:10Like many other deserts, it is not a very welcoming place.

00:13It is a long stretch of land close to the Andes mountains.

00:17It is in fact one of the driest regions on the planet.

00:20In fact, it is so dry that only a few rare places in the Antarctic know less rainfall.

00:27But this hostile environment has some advantages.

00:30As it is located at an altitude and there are not many clouds or light pollution,

00:35it is the ideal place for modern telescopes.

00:38These telescopes help us explore the cosmos.

00:42A new study carried out in June 2023

00:45revealed that this desert is even stranger and more extraordinary than we thought.

00:51It is logical that a desert as dry as this one receives a lot of sun.

00:56On average, it receives 308 watts of sunlight for 0.9 square meters.

01:01It is almost twice as much as in Europe or the east of the United States.

01:06Raúl Cordero is a scientist.

01:08With his team, he measured the sunset of the place where the largest observatory ever built is located,

01:14the vast network of millimeter antennas of the Atacama.

01:17Well, it is the sunniest place on the planet.

01:20It is hot, as if we were 79% away from the sun and the earth.

01:26Of course, if you were on Venus, you would have other problems than that of sunlight.

01:33Now, let's try to understand why this place is almost as sunny as Venus.

01:38It's because of the clouds.

01:40In general, the clouds block the sunlight and keep us cool.

01:44But sometimes, they can act like magnifying glasses and concentrate the sun's rays.

01:49This is what is called forward diffusion.

01:52This occurs when certain types of clouds appear during the South American fog in the middle of summer.

01:59During the summer, in the southern hemisphere, we are a little closer to the sun.

02:03And there is also less ozone in this part of the world.

02:06These two facts combined would explain why other high regions of the planet, like the Himalayas,

02:11do not benefit from a sunset as intense as that of this desert.

02:16Let's talk a little more about Venus.

02:18What effect would it have on being on the surface of this planet?

02:22The more we learn about this suffocating world, the less we want to imagine it.

02:28It is not at all a welcoming place, because it is a torrid heat, and the air there is very heavy.

02:33So heavy that it would crush you.

02:35But imagine a moment on Venus.

02:37The air there is thick and heavy, 93 times denser than the one we have on Earth.

02:43The air exerts a pressure on your body.

02:45Imagine a small car placed on the nail of your thumb.

02:48This is the feeling you would feel.

02:50Or imagine yourself very far below the surface of the ocean.

02:54The pressure there is extremely strong.

02:56But on Venus, it is as if all the pressure of the atmosphere crushed you and flattened you.

03:05What time is it on Venus?

03:07Super hot.

03:08Even if Mercury is closer to the sun.

03:11It is Venus that wins the palm of the hottest planet.

03:14The thick air of Venus is mainly composed of carbon dioxide, which acts as a cover.

03:20When the sun shines on Venus, the heat is trapped by this air cover.

03:25And the planet heats up a lot.

03:27The temperatures on Venus are close to 460 ° C.

03:31How to explore Venus without being removed or crushed?

03:34Well, there is no question of going there in person.

03:37Robots can handle it.

03:39But even robots had difficulties on Venus.

03:42Only a handful of them managed to reach its surface.

03:45And they only survived a few hours before being destroyed by extreme conditions.

03:50The good news is that we are finding ways to study Venus without putting anyone in danger.

03:55Future missions will allow to observe Venus from a certain distance.

03:59The new space machines will be able to see through the atmosphere without any problem.

04:04NASA has launched the Veritas mission.

04:08Its goal is to draw up detailed maps of Venus from its orbit.

04:12Which will give us a good overview of the planet.

04:16We have therefore examined the most arid desert on the planet.

04:19The Atacama Desert.

04:21It is therefore not surprising that this region is used as a test ground for space missions.

04:27But despite the aridity of this region, there is life there.

04:30It is the kingdom of flamingos and lagoons.

04:34There are salt marshes that extend over 12,000 square kilometers.

04:38And dive to a depth of 25 meters.

04:42It is a place of geysers, hot springs, volcanoes, llama herds and arid areas.

04:49Which have not experienced any rain for more than half a millennium.

04:54All this is 3 or 4 kilometers above sea level.

05:00What other species survive in the Atacama Desert?

05:03It is difficult to imagine that plants can thrive in such inhospitable conditions.

05:08However, there are all kinds.

05:11Take for example the Tillandsia Landbeckii.

05:15This plant challenges extreme climatic conditions.

05:18By extracting the moisture from the fog that comes from the coast nearby.

05:22This water can also serve as a sustainable source for humans.

05:26This plant does not have normal roots.

05:29Instead, it sinks into the sand with dead stems.

05:32And forms small structures similar to dunes.

05:36It draws moisture into the fog through its leaves.

05:39And its thin shoots that swell at contact with water.

05:43The nocturnal rose also provides it with water.

05:46Especially during the summer when the fog is rare.

05:49It is called the flower that lives in this place the vegetation of the Lomas.

05:55The presence of this vegetation in the Atacama Desert.

05:58Is limited to a narrow coastal area where there is regularly fog.

06:02Factors such as distance from the Pacific.

06:05The direction of the dominant winds and the topography.

06:08Limit the distribution of foggy ecosystems.

06:12The analysis of satellite data reveals.

06:14That the plants grow between 800 and 1250 meters above sea level.

06:19And up to 45 kilometers inside the land.

06:23They are mainly found in sandy plains.

06:25Along foggy corridors or on slopes.

06:28They measure about 0.5 meters high.

06:31And generally form a line.

06:33This clever alignment allows them to capture a lot of moisture.

06:37And all the nutrients they need.

06:39The arrangement of these cliffs depends on the amount of fog water they manage to capture.

06:45These robust plants are a bit of the magicians of the plant world.

06:49Their solution to survive in the desert.

06:51The Atacama Desert gives us many ideas to develop similar capture techniques.

06:55Water is a precious resource in places like Iquique.

06:59As well as in villages near the desert.

07:02In addition, the extraction of materials such as copper and lithium.

07:05Which allow our batteries to work.

07:07Needs a lot of water.

07:09In general, people draw drinking water in the basement.

07:13But these small plants make us a huge service.

07:16Thanks to them, we can map the places.

07:18This is the place where fog clouds are most likely to pass in sufficient quantities.

07:22Once determined the most suitable places.

07:25We just have to put our nets.

07:27Here is another region that will give you the impression of being on another planet.

07:31Pelican Point is located in Namibia.

07:34You may not know it.

07:36But it's a great place to surf.

07:39Every year, it only rains 0.8 centimeters.

07:43But it does not prevent surfers from enjoying the waves.

07:47The climate is quite unique.

07:49It is never too hot or too cold.

07:52This place benefits from a rather unusual dry climate.

07:55Because of the cold ocean currents close to the bay.

07:58The Skeleton Bay, also called Anne's Bay.

08:01Is an emblematic place for surf enthusiasts.

08:04The waves come to break on the sand.

08:06About 8 km northwest of Walvis Bay.

08:10A famous port city for its sand dunes and its mooring.

08:14Would you try the adventure?

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