00:00This educational video is intended to help children build their vocabulary for the purpose of their general knowledge,
00:06as well as to improve their scores on state and other standardized exams.
00:11Please pause the video to read the purpose, scope, and warnings related to this video.
00:16This video has a free student engagement worksheet that can also be used as a quiz.
00:21It's available in many formats.
00:23Please see the link in the description to download this.
00:26In this video, we'll learn the definition of these words.
00:29We'll do that by focusing on the meaning of the word parts, which make up each word.
00:33The word part contra means against.
00:36It's part of many common words.
00:38The word contraband is made of two word parts.
00:41The first is contra, which means against.
00:44The second word part is banned, which means the law.
00:47If something is contraband, then it's against the law or rules to have it.
00:52Here are some example sentences.
00:54In this classroom, popcorn and soft drinks are contraband.
00:57But in a movie theater, popcorn and soft drinks are not contraband.
01:02The word contradict is made of two word parts.
01:05The first is contra, which means against.
01:08The second word part is dict, which means to speak.
01:12You may recognize that word part from words like dictionary, which is a collection of spoken words.
01:17The word contradict means that someone is speaking against what someone else is saying.
01:22This is common in debates.
01:24But facts can also contradict people.
01:26Here's an example.
01:27When the teacher asks the students whether the earth is flat, Billy says the earth is flat.
01:33Then Susie says photos of the earth taken by astronauts on the moon show that the earth is shaped like a ball.
01:40Susie points out that photos taken by astronauts on the moon, like this one, contradict the idea that the earth is flat.
01:47The word contraindicate is made of two word parts.
01:51The first is contra, which means against.
01:54The second word part is indicate, which means to show or use.
01:58In this case, indicate means to use.
02:01The word contraindicate means something should not be used.
02:05The most common use of the word contraindicate is in healthcare.
02:09When a doctor is thinking about prescribing a medication for a patient, the doctor always considers the contraindications to the medication,
02:17which means she or he thinks about when the medication should not be used.
02:21Here's an example sentence.
02:23Billy's allergy to penicillin is a contraindication for him to take antibiotics in the penicillin class.
02:29The word contrary is made of the word part contra, which means against.
02:33We often use this word in a phrase such as contrary to popular opinion.
02:38That phrase means unlike what many people may believe.
02:42Here's an example.
02:43Contrary to popular opinion among five-year-old children, the moon is not made of cheese.
02:49These are moon rocks brought back by astronauts almost 50 years ago and show they are very similar to those on Earth.
02:56They are not made of cheese.
02:58The word contrarian is made of two word parts.
03:01The first is contra, which means against.
03:03The second word part is a word-forming suffix.
03:06A contrarian is someone who has beliefs that are against what most people believe.
03:11The most common example of this is related to investing money.
03:14For example, a contrarian investor often invests money into a company that most investors would not invest money in.
03:21The word contrast is made of two word parts.
03:24The first is contra, which means against.
03:27The second word part is a shortened version of sta, which means to stand.
03:32The word contrast means to make something stand out against something else.
03:36When we look at the edge between black and white colors, the contrast is sharp.
03:41For example, it's very easy to see exactly where the edge of this road is because it stands out compared to the white snow.
03:49There's a sharp contrast between the road and the snow.
03:52Whereas, if colors are similar, then it's much harder to see the edge.
03:56For example, it's hard to see the edges between the envelope and the blades of grass in front of it.
04:02When we adjust photos in editing software, we can decrease or increase the contrast to get an effect we want.
04:10It's very common in exams to have a test question begin with the phrase, compare and contrast.
04:16In this setting, the word contrast means to describe the differences between two or more things.
04:22Whereas, the word compare means to describe the similarities between two or more things.
04:27For example, if a question was, compare and contrast this insect and the leaves around it, we might write something like this.
04:34Both the insect and the leaves are similar in shape and color.
04:37But they're different because one is an animal and the other is a plant.
04:41The word contrabean is made of two word parts.
04:44The first is contra, which means against.
04:47The second word part is ven, which means to come.
04:50In this particular word, it's easier to think of the word part ven as meaning to go.
04:55This word means to go against.
04:58Specifically, it refers to going against rules or laws.
05:02Here are some examples.
05:03Billy is talking on his phone during the movie, which contravenes the theater's rules.
05:08Roger is making copies of this book and selling them.
05:11His actions contravene copyright law.
05:14Thanks for your attention.
