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00:22 also affect cognitive functions of women, as well as intervene in the regulation of mood and the overall health of the heart and bones.
00:33 Estrogens circulate mostly in a conjugated form, that is, linked to a globulin produced by the liver,
00:39 in which low levels are somewhat involved in the development of metabolic syndrome.
00:46 The intestinal microbiota can somehow influence the level of circulating estrogens through the production of beta-glucuronidase.
00:57 These are enzymes that practically deconjugate the estrogens, that is, they detach them from their transport protein,
01:04 thus transforming them into free hormones, which are certainly able to perform their physiological functions,
01:11 but in an unregulated way, that is, in an inadequately calibrated way.
01:16 The bacteria of the microbiota that produce beta-glucuronidase, thus increasing the availability of free estrogens,
01:24 are cumulatively indicated with the term "estroboloma".
01:29 It so happens that in the case of "eubiosis", that is, of equilibrium of the intestinal bacterial flora,
01:35 an adequate production of beta-glucuronidase with a consistent, adequate level of circulating estrogens,
01:42 and in the case of "dysbiosis", that is, of altered equilibrium, as a quantity of our intestinal microbiota,
01:51 we can have an increased production of beta-glucuronidase with increased availability of free estrogens
01:58 and, consequently, the appearance of pathologies related to estrogen, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, menstrual disorders, vaginitis, endometriosis.
02:10 Speaking of the latter, which is a rather widespread pathology in our country,
02:16 and may interest about 15% of women in reproductive age,
02:21 it must be said that, unlike what happens with the polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a hyperandrogenic pathology with low levels of estrogens,
02:30 in endometriosis, an increased availability of these hormones is observed.
02:35 Endometriosis, which, I remind you, is a pathology linked to an enormous proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus,
02:45 and clinically characterized by pelvic pain, significant and continuous menstrual blood loss, infertility.
02:55 Similarly, therefore, in women with endometriosis there is an enrichment of the estroboloma,
03:02 therefore an increased presence of bacteria that, by producing beta-glucuronidase, increase the circulating levels of estrogens,
03:10 and in fact, in women with endometriosis, a reduced abundance of beneficial bacteria has been noticed for our body,
03:19 especially belonging to the lacnospiraceous and ruminococcus families,
03:25 and in the feces of women with endometriosis, at the third or fourth stage,
03:30 an increase of potentially pathogenic bacteria has been found, such as Escherichia coli and Sigella.
03:37 Once again, therefore, the very important and no longer omissible role of the intestinal microbiota and its balance is highlighted,
03:46 which somehow balances the overall good state of our health.
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