00:00Okay, starting by explaining from the beginning of macroeconomics.
00:09Macroeconomics is the study of the economic activity from the whole market point of view.
00:36Starting by the economic activity from the whole market point of view.
00:45It involves starting demand and supply in an aggregate level.
01:01The total of the whole demand and the whole supply in the market.
01:20Along with the study of the overhauled aspects that affects the whole economy.
01:43Such as economic growth.
01:50Inflation.
01:54Unemployment.
01:59Unemployment.
02:06And similar topics that works for the whole market activity.
02:11Unemployment activity.
02:18overall as one unit طيب ليه هو بيدرس الماركت in one unit عشان احنا عندنا بنقول
02:26الـ government macro economic objectives ثم اول حاجة في الـ macro economic objectives دي
02:39نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن نحن ن
03:09in the economy by controlling inflation.
03:21The next step is achieving economic growth, increasing the productive capacity of the economy from a year to another.
03:51In order to achieve the economic will be of the society.
04:05The third thing about us is decreasing unemployment rates.
04:21Ensuring that the majority of labor are working in order to avoid any inefficiency
04:45in the usage of resources.
04:54Because labor is one of the resources that we have.
04:59If labor is one of the resources that we have, we are trying to achieve a minimum waste of those resources.
05:09We are trying to use all the efforts of workers in the economy continuously to produce goods and services to satisfy the people neither than once.
05:21We are trying to reduce the gap between rich and poor people in the economy.
05:30Using the gap between rich and poor people in the economy.
05:43We are trying to achieve social and economic welfare by reducing income inequality.
06:00We are trying to achieve social and economic welfare by reducing income inequality.
06:15We are trying to achieve social and economic welfare.
06:16We are trying to achieve social and economic welfare by reducing income inequality.
06:20This objective is achieving stability in the balance of payments.
06:33That is what is the future.
06:34We are starting to achieve social and economic efficiency.
06:38The market is up to the future.
06:39Controlling the levels of imports and exports in order to ensure the benefits of international trade.
06:58For the local economy.
07:05That's the same thing we're talking about.
07:14Since we're talking about the basic things that we're talking about,
07:19we're talking about the main five macroeconomic objectives.
07:34We've been all in order for the government to achieve those macroeconomic objectives.
07:52They aim to intervene sometimes in the market activity.
08:07They aim to intervene in the market activity.
08:11They aim to intervene sometimes in the market activity
08:26to achieve economic growth and so on.
08:30Based on this factor,
08:33they aim to intervene sometimes in the market activity
08:39in order to influence
08:45the activities
08:54of the market
08:58to reach
09:03the macroeconomic objectives
09:12in the case
09:15of the inefficiency
09:19of the market
09:23to reach them
09:27to
09:29normal
09:31market
09:32mechanism.
09:36تمام؟
09:38ليه كده؟ الفكرة الأساسية بتاعت
09:40ليه government بتانترين
09:42في الماكرو economic activities؟
09:45طيب، بما إنه government تانترين في الماكرو economic activity،
09:49فبنقول
09:51the government
09:52the government
09:53intervention
09:54the government
09:55intervention
09:56happens
09:57in the
09:59economic
10:02economic
10:07level
10:09by
10:10setting
10:12rules
10:13and
10:15regulations
10:16and
10:17regulations
10:18to control
10:21the market
10:23activity.
10:27those rules
10:32and regulations
10:37goes
10:38under
10:40the following
10:42headings
10:44headings
10:46هادينجز
10:47هادينجز
10:48هادينجز
10:49هادينجز
10:50هادينجز
10:51هادينجز
10:52هادينجز
10:53هادينجز
10:54哪
11:00la
11:01la
11:03où
11:04la
11:05la
11:06��
11:08la
11:09au
11:10au
11:12au
11:13au
11:14au
11:18كل واحدة من دول هي عبارة عن
11:23set of rules and regulations made by the government in order to control the market activity
11:30طيب لما نيجي نتكلم في الحتة دي هنبدأ ان احنا نشرح اول واحدة
11:37الفيسكي الفلسي وهنقول اللي هي
11:40setting rules and regulations
11:45regarding
11:49the taxes
11:53and the government
11:56spending
11:59تاني حاجة المنتري policy
12:06simply هي
12:07setting rules and regulations
12:12regarding
12:16the interest rates
12:19and the money
12:24and the money
12:27supply
12:29within the economy
12:34و تالت واحدة
12:36supply side policy
12:38and a setting
12:40rules
12:41and regulations
12:44in order to control the market activities by influencing the producer side
13:07We can conclude that the fiscal policy and the monetary policy are mainly aiming to control the consumer side more than the producer side
13:29According to the above explanation, this shows that the fiscal policy and the monetary policy
13:53are mainly working on the consumer side
14:03which is the aggregate demand
14:09They are more affecting the aggregate demand rather than affecting the aggregate surplus
14:17Based on this part, we will begin with scenarios
14:25Then we could see that the fiscal policy and the monetary policy are considered
14:45as demand-side policies
14:55The fiscal policy and the monetary policy are considered as demand-side policies
15:02What are the demand-side policies?
15:04It is more affecting the actions of the aggregate demand rather than affecting the actions of the aggregate supply
15:14Based on this part, we will see how we apply it using different scenarios
15:26or applying the гораздо more than next
15:27Let's see how wejerica now
15:28As we need information Procedure
15:30We need to absorb themount of the incomingゆzig
15:33Now we need to stay much adapted for effective%.
15:36We need to read various scenarios
15:38Expe attribute the withdrawalした policies
15:39Expe体格
15:40This is the first base of the paypal
15:40Expe体格
15:41Expe体格
15:46Instead of this part, it is one of the steps Wow
15:47Expeloads
15:50We need to do the service
15:55Expe38格
15:55The different scenarios of applying the policies
16:00The fiscal policy and monetary policy
16:02We will show you according to different scenarios
16:06The first scenario that we have
16:17In case of a high rate of inflation
16:25When we look at this situation, we will say that inflation is defined as the increase in the average price level of all goods and services
16:52Within the economy during a specific year
17:04The basic definition of retaliation inflation is harmful for the economy
17:14Because it results in lowering the purchasing power of the consumers
17:30In case of a high rate of inflation, we will say that inflation is harmful for the increase in the cost of production
17:42In the cost of production for the goods and services for the market
17:58In case of a high rate of inflation, we will see that inflation is harmful for the economy
18:04Our technology policy
18:06In case of a high rate of inflation, we will show you the same as the high rate of inflation
18:14The inflation under the harmfuls of the economy because it results from lowering the purchasing power of the consumers resulting in lowering the aggregate demand in the market.
18:32So if we have high level of inflation, we can increase the prices.
18:45No, there is something important.
18:47The inflation is resulting in increasing the demand, not lowering the aggregate demand.
18:56Why did we say that?
19:00Number one.
19:02When we have high level of inflation, this means that consumers have a higher tendency to spend more money to buy goods and services.
19:15The inflation is increasing in price level.
19:18This means that the equilibrium price level begins to increase above the normal level.
19:24But the purchasing power of the consumers has gone.
19:28Why did the purchasing power of the consumers have gone?
19:31The purchasing power of the consumers has gone.
19:32Because the income of the consumers can now buy less goods and services than before.
19:44They might intervene in this case using different policies in order to control the price level.
19:57The price level.
19:58The price level.
19:59The price level.
20:12Enhance.
20:13Enhance.
20:14Mitigate.
20:15Enhance.
20:16Mitigate.
20:18Inhthalation.
20:20The inflation.
20:21Inата h question.
20:23показывood because increase in average price level.
20:27If the government is aiming to control inflation
20:57through the fiscal policy, they might go for increasing the tax rates.
21:24The increase of the tax rates will leave consumers with lower money
21:42to be spent on buying goods and services from the market, lower consumption.
22:00And this would result in shifting the aggregate demand to the left,
22:12which intersects with the aggregate supply at another equilibrium point
22:35at lower price level and lower quantity of real up.
22:42Price level and lower quantity of real up.
22:53How is it?
22:56We are going to work on the Chinese government.
23:00And we are going to do the aggregate demand and supply supply in the same way.
23:08That's what we're going to do now.
23:17If this is the aggregate demand demand.
23:23With that keynesian aggregate supply.
23:26With that keynesian aggregate supply.
23:30The 81.
23:32The price level.
23:34With that real output.
23:38Is it real output or real GDP?
23:45Is it the same?
23:46It's real output or real output.
23:48Real output or real GDP is the same.
23:51Is the same.
23:52Is the same.
23:53Real GDP.
23:54Is the same.
23:55Is the same.
23:56Real GDP.
23:57Is the same.
23:58Real GDP.
23:59Is the real output.
24:00Is the same.
24:01Real GDP.
24:02Is the same.
24:03Real GDP.
24:04Is the real output.
24:05Nисle output.
24:06Is the total amount of goods and services.
24:07binds the economy.
24:08Justinке.
24:09Is the same.
24:10What happens to us is that.
24:12In this case, when we add the tax rate, it will increase the income of the consumers.
24:20When we add the income of the consumers, it will increase the demand to the left.
24:27From 81 to 82.
24:29When we add the market equilibrium at E1, we add a lower price level and a lower quantity.
24:43The price level will increase and the quantity of real output consumed by consumers will increase.
24:53Based upon this example, we will explain how to make it.
25:13As shown in the above diagram.
25:23The adoption of a fiscal policy by introducing taxes would result in lowering the aggregate demand.
25:53From AD1 to AD2.
25:57Which results in forming a new equilibrium.
25:59At a lower price level.
26:00At a lower price level.
26:04At a lower value of GDP.
26:05At a low price level.
26:07At a lower price level.
26:10equilibrium at a lower price level and lower read up or lead GDP.
26:30Okay, so this is the scenario that happens to us.
26:45Another method that could be adopted through the fiscal policy,
26:59could be done by lowering the level of the government spending.
27:17Government spending the subsidies offered for public goods and merit goods.
27:26If the government decided to lower the budget offered for spending on public goods,
27:46such as health care and education, this majorly result on increasing the burden among consumers,
28:13to spend on providing those products for themselves without the government assistance.
28:40And this would result in lowering the aggregate demand due to the high burden
28:59on the consumer income or spending on those products resulting in lowering the spending
29:28of the other goods and services in the market.
29:35and services in the market leading to a lower aggregate demand.
29:53This method of controlling the aggregate demand is called,
29:58the contractual rate of inflation.
29:59So inflation is a high level of inflation,
30:02increase the price level,
30:03and increase the price level.
30:07and increase the price level of inflation.
30:08This method of controlling the aggregate demand is called,
30:14the contractual rate of inflation.
30:16of controlling the aggregate demand is called,
30:23the contractual rate of inflation.
30:25the contractionary fiscal policy. طريقة اللي احنا بنتكلم فيها دي اسمها
30:39المهم? طيب. واحدة تانية او طريقة تانية لو احنا حاولنا نعمل
30:49في الاضر برضو لما بيكون فيه ومنستخدم اي policy برضو تباسمها
30:58في المونتري اصدق? ايه. اه في المونتري برضو هيباسمها
31:04بص برضو اقولك على حاجة مهمة فيه بوكس بتسمي الفيسكال
31:12بيقولوا عليها انفليشنري وديفليشنري.
31:19لكن الكتب بتاعت الابي غالبا بتسمي اللي اتنين
31:24contractionary expansion عشان يساعدوا الموقع.
31:30ناشي؟ ستاعدوا كامل.
31:35The inflation problem could also be solved by the government intervention
31:49using the monetary policy.
31:59As they are using the monetary policy, the government could use the central bank to control the market
32:17activity.
32:21Using.
32:23Interest rates.
32:28And money supply.
32:33In order to reduce.
32:37The greater inflation.
32:44Aggregate demand should be.
32:47Shifted.
32:50To the left.
32:53To the left.
32:54Which means.
32:58That.
33:01The economy.
33:04mainly aims.
33:08In this case.
33:10To reduce.
33:13Spending.
33:15By consumers.
33:18In the market.
33:20This could happen.
33:30By.
33:31Reducing.
33:32While increasing the interest rate.
33:34And spending.
33:35By the hands of the people.
33:37This could be done.
33:38How this could happen.
33:40By increasing.
33:41The interest rate.
33:42In the market.
33:43In the market.
33:44In the market.
33:46Is a.
33:47When the economy.
33:50Is.
33:51In.
33:52A state.
33:53Of.
33:54Our.
33:55price.
33:56levels.
33:57The government.
33:58Intervene.
33:59by.
34:00Central Bank.
34:02Soon.
34:03raising.
34:05the tax.
34:07The tax.
34:08The tax.
34:09Is.
34:10Is.
34:11Is.
34:12In.
34:13A state.
34:14Of.
34:15Our.
34:16Price.
34:17Is.
34:18In.
34:19A state.
34:20Of.
34:21Our.
34:22Price.
34:23Levels.
34:24The government.
34:25Intervene.
34:26By.
34:27Central Bank.
34:28Soon.
34:29Raising.
34:31The tax.
34:33The tax.
34:35Tax.
34:36The tax.
34:36Multi-tax.
34:40The tax.
34:40Tax.
34:42Rates.
34:46So.
34:47When.
34:48The interest.
34:49Rates.
34:51The.
34:52Increased.
34:55This.
34:57The.
34:58It.
34:58The.
34:59The.
35:01The.
35:03The.
35:05then to save more money in the banks and borrow less money from them.
35:24The intent of receiving higher interests in the future
35:46makes the people prefer their spending, the annual spending
35:57and prefer saving the money to receive those higher interests
36:15in the future.
36:21The government through this policy aims mainly to increase
36:40the level of money supply
36:50Allah is the amount of money by the hands of individuals and organizations in the market.
37:11In order to limit the consumers' ability and willingness to buy goods and services,
37:39and services in the market
37:47which is called the contractionary monetary policy.
38:01Okay.
38:07We're going to talk about the contractionary
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