00:03There are lots of things all around us, exciting things that surround us.
00:10But how does it work? Do you know?
00:13How is it made? Do you know?
00:17Things that go up, things that go down, things that go up, things that go round.
00:23With special cameras to show you inside, it's going to be a big surprise.
00:30But how does it work? Do you know? How is it made?
00:35Do you know? Do you know?
00:39Let's find maps!
00:45Hello, I'm Maddy, and today I'm going out for a nice long walk.
00:50I don't know about you, but when I go on a long walk, I like to take a few things
00:54with me.
00:55What do you take?
00:56I've got some snacks in here.
00:58A juicy apple and a drink, fizzy water. It's one of my favourites.
01:05Oh, I love that sound.
01:07And did you see how all the bubbles rose to the top when I opened the bottle?
01:11But how do the bubbles get into the water?
01:15Do you know how fizzy water works?
01:19Let's find out.
01:21How does it work?
01:25Fizzy water.
01:27To show you how fizzy water is made, I've come to a fizzy water factory,
01:33where they produce around 2 million bottles of water every day.
01:38The water is stored inside these tanks before it goes into the factory to get its bubbles.
01:43But where does the water come from?
01:47The water comes from this spring, where rainwater has collected underground for thousands of years.
01:55It bubbles up to the surface and is sent through pipes into the factory.
02:01And it's sent to something called a chiller.
02:04The chiller cools down the water so that it's nice and cold before it gets put into bottles.
02:10But the water inside the chiller looks like this.
02:13It's still, which means it doesn't have any bubbles.
02:17It's not fizzy like this one.
02:19So, how does still water become fizzy water?
02:27It's time for some bubbles.
02:32The still water is made fizzy by these two tanks.
02:36This tank is called a carbonation tank.
02:40It makes the water fizzy by pushing a gas called carbon dioxide into the water.
02:47Here's how it works.
02:50Water contains a gas called oxygen.
02:54To make the water fizzy, we need to remove the oxygen.
02:57Inside the tank is a metal plate with holes in it, like a sieve.
03:01The holes are so small that as the water squeezes through them, the oxygen gas escapes.
03:07And it's taken away through a vent at the top of the tank.
03:10Bye-bye, oxygen.
03:11Now the oxygen is removed, we can make the water fizzy.
03:16The water, with no oxygen in it, is sent to the second big tank.
03:21Here, carbon dioxide gas is pushed into the water very, very fast.
03:28As more and more carbon dioxide bubbles fill the tank of water, pressure builds up.
03:34This makes the bubbles dissolve into the water so that we can't see them anymore.
03:40And now, the water is fizzy.
03:43The pressure is like a balloon, ready to burst.
03:46And it stays like this as the water is put into bottles.
03:51We only see the bubbles again when the bottle is opened.
03:54The pressure is released, we hear a big fizzing sound, and the bubbles rush to the surface.
04:00Clever, isn't it?
04:01Let's use my special camera to get a closer look at the carbonation tanks.
04:06So, the cold, still water comes in from the chiller through this pipe and into this first tank.
04:15And inside here, all of the oxygen is sieved out.
04:19And then, it goes into this second tank.
04:23And in the second tank, the water gets its bubbles.
04:26The carbon dioxide goes in through this pipe just here.
04:31And it's squeezed and squeezed into the water until all of the bubbles dissolve.
04:35And then, when it's fizzy, the water comes out of the tank, goes through this pipe, off to get put
04:43into bottles.
04:48And this is where the bottles are filled with water.
04:52Look how fast the bottles fill up with the water.
04:59So, this is a finished bottle of fizzy water.
05:02I can't see any bubbles, can you?
05:05Should we let the bubbles out?
05:08Oh!
05:10Did you hear that?
05:11Let's hear it again.
05:13What a brilliant hissing sound.
05:16As I undid the lid, all of the gas was released and they bubbled up to the top.
05:21Let's use my special camera to slow things down and watch it again.
05:26This camera filmed in slow motion, which means that when I open the bottle, the bubbles of gas will be
05:33released and we can see it happening really slowly.
05:37So, let's press record.
05:40You ready?
05:43Can you see there are no bubbles until I open the bottle and then thousands of tiny bubbles rush to
05:49the surface?
05:52Now, that was brilliant.
05:54All of those little bubbles, you can still see them.
05:57Those bubbles of carbon dioxide gas were just waiting to be released.
06:01And as soon as I undid the lid, they certainly were.
06:05They're still going.
06:09What was your favourite bit about seeing how fizzy water works?
06:14Do you remember the name of the gas that makes the water fizzy?
06:18That's right.
06:19It's called carbon dioxide.
06:21Did you hear the sound the bottle made when I opened it?
06:26Oh!
06:27And did you see the way the bubbles go up inside the bottle when I used my special camera?
06:39So, the next time you have some fizzy water, you'll know how the bubbles got inside and how they stay
06:45hidden until you open the bottle.
06:47Now, it's time for a snack.
06:50Ooh, I could have a yoghurt.
07:00Yum.
07:01Strawberry yoghurt.
07:03I like yoghurt.
07:05Do you?
07:05But do you know how yoghurt is made?
07:10Where does yoghurt come from?
07:12Let's find out.
07:14How is it made?
07:17Yoghurt.
07:19The first things we need to make our yoghurt are just in here.
07:27Lots and lots of cows.
07:37All yoghurt is made from milk, but the yoghurt we're going to see being made today comes from cow's milk.
07:44So, to see yoghurt being made, first, we need some milk.
07:55All these cows are about to be milked, which means their milk is collected from their udders.
08:01And you can see their udders underneath the cows.
08:05Can you see Rich, the herdsman?
08:08He's attaching a special pipe to the cow's udders.
08:14This is called a cluster, and it gently sucks the milk from the cow's udders and takes it down this
08:21pipe to this plastic tub called a milk meter,
08:24which measures the amount of milk the cow produces.
08:38And once they're finished milking, the clusters just fall off and the cows head back to the barn.
08:45In one day, a single cow can make 21 pints of milk.
08:50That's 21 of these.
08:53That's enough for 70 bowls of cereal.
08:57But how does milk turn into yoghurt?
09:05Once the milk has been collected, it's taken to the factory in a lorry and stored in huge tanks called
09:11milk silos.
09:13The milk is then taken from the silos into the factory to be made into yoghurt.
09:18The first stage is for all of the ingredients to get mixed together, and that happens here in the mixing
09:24room.
09:25Yoghurt is made from milk, cream, some milk powder and a bit of sugar.
09:30And once they're mixed together, they get sent on to the next part of the factory.
09:35The next stage happens in here, and it's very noisy.
09:43Look at all those pipes.
09:45All the ingredients that have now been mixed together are heated up.
09:49This is called pasteurization, and it gets rid of any bad bacteria that could be in the milk.
09:56Once it's reached the right temperature, the pasteurized mixture is moved into one of these.
10:01They're called incubation tanks, and they are huge.
10:05Now, a special ingredient is added, and it will turn the milky mixture into yoghurt.
10:14This special ingredient is called a starter culture, and it's made of a mix of good bacteria.
10:28Bacteria has to be kept in the freezer, because as soon as it gets warm and is put in the
10:32incubator, it starts to multiply.
10:36The starter culture is added to the yoghurt and then left to get to work.
10:41And when it's added to the milky mixture inside this incubation tank, it starts to multiply.
10:47This means that two good bacteria become four, four become eight, and eight become 16, and so on, until you
10:55have lots of good bacteria mixed in with the milk.
11:00Inside this incubator, the yoghurt has already been mixed, so let's use my special camera to take a look.
11:06Whoa!
11:08It's so thick and creamy.
11:11All of that good bacteria has multiplied and multiplied, which has made everything really thick.
11:17It's turned it into yoghurt.
11:21The yoghurt is cooled down to stop the bacteria multiplying any more, and it's piped to a smaller tank.
11:28This is plain, natural yoghurt, and it's lovely on its own.
11:34It's great for cooking.
11:35You might have even had it on Muesli at home, but sometimes it's nice to add a bit of flavour.
11:42What flavour yoghurt do you like?
11:44Do you like peach?
11:46Blackcurrant?
11:47Let's see what flavour this yoghurt's going to be.
11:51This is strawberry puree, and it's going to turn the plain yoghurt into strawberry yoghurt, my favourite.
12:01The mixer turns the yoghurt and fruit puree into a lovely pink colour.
12:07It's now time for the drop test, and this is where the team checks that the yoghurt is the right
12:13thickness.
12:14If the yoghurt is thick enough, it's ready to go into pots.
12:17The machine works it so quickly.
12:21One dollop of yoghurt in every pot, and look how many pots there are.
12:29This factory could make over a million pots of yoghurt a day.
12:38I love the sound of the lids being glued down onto the pots.
12:45It sounds like a train going over tracks.
12:57And here we go, a finished pack of yoghurt, just like you'd see in the shops, or maybe even in
13:03the fridge at home.
13:04What was your favourite part about seeing how yoghurt was made?
13:09Do you remember what part of the cow the milk comes from?
13:13That's right, it's the udder.
13:16Did you hear the sound of the lids being pressed onto the pots?
13:22And did you see how the bacteria thickened the yoghurt?
13:35So the next time you tuck into a tasty yoghurt, you'll know that it started out as milk that came
13:42from a cow.
13:43Thank you, cows.
13:44And now you know how the bubbles get into fizzy water.
13:48I'll see you next time.
13:52There are lots of things all around
13:56Lots of exciting things that surround
13:59And but how does it work?
14:01Do you know?
14:03How is it made?
14:05Do you know?
14:06Do you know?
14:08Let's find out!
14:09I'm out.
14:10You
14:10.
14:12I
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