You can see through a solid wall of glass — but not through the sand it's made from. Glass is silicon dioxide, melted and cooled so fast its atoms freeze in a jumbled mess with no grain boundaries to scatter light. In this video you learn: why visible light photons don't carry enough energy to excite glass electrons across their huge energy jump, so the light passes straight through; why ultraviolet light gets swallowed instead — and why you can't get a suntan through a window; and why the same silicon dioxide as sand scatters light in every direction.
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