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⚡ What if a pharaoh marched toward the enemy based on dangerously misleading intelligence?

Around 1274 BCE, Ramesses II led an Egyptian campaign against the Hittite kingdom near Kadesh. Egyptian royal accounts describe misleading reports suggesting that the Hittite army had withdrawn far away. In fact, the Hittite forces were positioned nearby.

Their chariots attacked an Egyptian division before it was fully prepared, creating a crisis in the Egyptian camp. Ramesses rallied his forces, but the Egyptian royal inscriptions present a heroic account that must be read with historical care. Both sides had reasons to portray the battle as a success.

This cinematic 3D CGI reconstruction explores the intelligence failure, the Hittite surprise attack and the difference between royal propaganda and historical evidence.

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Transcript
00:00The pharaoh believed the Hittites were far away.
00:03They were waiting nearby.
00:09The Hittite chariots appeared suddenly.
00:12Egypt struggled to organize its ranks.
00:16Ramesses rallied his troops.
00:18Egyptian inscriptions later portrayed him as Kadesh's heroic defender.

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