Bears: What We Don't Know About Them - From Pandas to Grizzlies - video Dailymotion

Beyond What We Know

Dive into the wild world of bears with us! From the ferocious brown bear and the majestic polar bear to the quirky panda, this video explores the fascinating lives and habitats of these incredible creatures. Discover why pandas are picky eaters and how polar bears are the ultimate swimmers. It's a bear-y exciting adventure you won't want to miss! Don't forget to subscribe for more wild tales and let us know your favorite bear moment in the comments! #Bears #Wildlife #Nature #Animals #Documentary  👉 This channel was created in collaboration with @kramola_online  00:00:00 - Introduction to Bear Diversity 00:00:48 - Polar Bears: Encounters and Interactions 00:02:29 - Bears in Human Contexts 00:03:59 - Bear Hunting and Conservation Issues 00:07:34 - Bear Behavior and Human Interaction 00:13:42 - Bear Species Overview 00:44:28 - Polar Bears: Adaptations and Lifestyle 00:51:19 - Pandas: Evolutionary Peculiarities

Transcript

00:00:00The bear is one of the strongest predators on the planet.

00:00:04The brown bear terrorizes its forest, while the polar bear dominates the surrounding snowy wilderness.

00:00:10The Usuri bear fights tigers for territory, and even the Malayan bear won't give up without a fight.

00:00:16A legendary beast that became one of the most important totem animals for humanity, and for us, the most important

00:00:24of all.

00:00:24It's on coats of arms, on maps, everywhere.

00:00:27How did they end up evolving from a raccoon-like creature into such a giant?

00:00:33What species do we know little about?

00:00:36What's wrong with panda?

00:00:38Make yourself comfortable, because you're about to see the most interesting film about bears you've ever seen.

00:00:48Most videos with polar bears look about like this.

00:00:52For example, Umka came to people in the Sabetta Shift camp in the far north, sniffed a snowmobile, and then

00:00:58went on his way.

00:01:00There are many videos online where polar bears approach icebreakers, like in this video, where the animal came right up

00:01:07to the side of the nuclear icebreaker, Vygach.

00:01:09Moreover, sailors say that this happens quite often, and here, things could have ended much worse than they did.

00:01:16It happened near the settlement of Tiksi in Yakutia.

00:01:20A bear lazily tried to bite a passing snowmobile with polar explorers.

00:01:25There are also many cases when predators approach houses or even climb onto them, like in this video from Severnaya

00:01:32Zemlya or this one from Canada.

00:01:34And in Norwegian Spitsbergen, a bear allowed itself even more.

00:01:38It climbed inside a warehouse, rummaged through and ate the supplies, and then got stuck in a window.

00:01:45Inquisitive animals even climbed into a deserted K-A-M-A-Z truck full of trash.

00:01:50A comparable event involving a K-A-M-A-Z truck occurred in Yakutia, but this time it wasn't abandoned.

00:01:57But there are also touching stories.

00:01:59A young polar bear came to the settlement of Dixon in the north of Krasnoyarsk Krai with a metal can

00:02:06from condensed milk stuck in its mouth.

00:02:08The bear stuck its tongue into the can, and it got stuck because the lid of the can was bent

00:02:13inward.

00:02:15Moscow veterinarians flew out to help the animal.

00:02:18The specialists who arrived found the injured bear three kilometers from Dixon and immobilized the predator with a tranquilizer shot,

00:02:25then removed the can and treated the wound.

00:02:28Language.

00:02:28The Malayan bear is considered the most good-natured species of bear.

00:02:33It does not attack humans.

00:02:35If attacked, it tries to run away.

00:02:37When frightened, the bear may climb a tree.

00:02:40For example, like this North American berry ball, which encountered some cyclists.

00:02:45And the residents of North Carolina.

00:02:47Patrick Conley is visited almost daily by a family of four bears.

00:02:51They come by to say hello and look for something to eat.

00:02:54And in this video, a resident of Colorado captured the moment when a bear broke into a second-floor window.

00:03:02Luckily, the homeowner was not home.

00:03:05Sometimes an encounter with a bear ends without a negative outcome.

00:03:09A mother bear with two cubs was spotted playing near Pope Beach in the United States among vacationers.

00:03:16In Vermont, a bear settled onto a homeowner's hammock, while another bear watched nearby with interest.

00:03:22I managed to film them before I had to scare them away.

00:03:25It's best to keep them away from the house, said Noah DeVecke, the video's author.

00:03:29It's amazing they didn't fall off the hammock.

00:03:33Actually, for this fierce black-and-white bear, for example,

00:03:37the hammock turned out to be a piece of sports equipment that he just couldn't conquer.

00:03:41In the video, a seven-year-old boy in Canada encountered a black bear while riding a scooter near his

00:03:47house.

00:03:47The bear came very close to the child.

00:03:50But a neighbor ran out just in time.

00:03:53And in the state of New Jersey, a mother bear and her five cubs decided to throw a party by

00:03:58the pool.

00:03:59In Kamchatka, a hunter met Burov in person.

00:04:03It all started with the words,

00:04:05I suggest we go our separate ways.

00:04:08Then the bear began to move forward menacingly.

00:04:11And after that, it was the hunter's turn to counterattack.

00:04:14Even the duck calls in the bag started working.

00:04:19Maybe that was the deciding factor that made the suggestion to go our separate ways actually work.

00:04:24In a Canadian town, a man nearly suffered a heart attack due to a surprise encounter in his garage.

00:04:31But the bear was more curious than hungry.

00:04:33So the phrase, no, no, no, and the car horn were more than enough.

00:04:38In Turkey, a wildlife observer encountered an incredibly huge bear.

00:04:43The naturalist set out treats for the nighttime guests and first saw a wild boar, then a fox, and finally

00:04:50a giant brown bear.

00:04:52Fortunately, everything turned out well.

00:04:54And the bear even performed a dance while trying to reach the treat.

00:04:58It's difficult not to infer the country where these events are occurring.

00:05:02The city of Krasnufimsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast.

00:05:06Nothing unusual.

00:05:07Vintage TVs, a stork sitting in a nest, a hare in the field, and also a bear climbing a tree

00:05:14after a man.

00:05:15The event is so ordinary that the author of the video decided to switch the viewer's attention to some old

00:05:21cars nearby.

00:05:22Let's hope that the man isn't still sitting in the tree and that he's all right.

00:05:27In a Malaysian nature reserve, a local bear named Beruang Kosalapi approached some tourists,

00:05:34sniffed a woman, stood up on its hind legs, and then even gave her a gentle bite.

00:05:39Fortunately for the tourists, the bear stopped there and went on its way.

00:05:43Well, since we're talking about bites, here are some pretty recent shots.

00:05:47In Canada, a man chased a bear away from a party, and for that, he got bitten on his backside.

00:05:53At the same time, in that same Canada, bears regularly try to steal cars.

00:05:59Here's another video where a bear tried to break into another car, but it was scared off by the shouts

00:06:04of eyewitnesses.

00:06:05Then it went to the next car, calmly opened the door, and climbed inside.

00:06:10Imagine, you get into your car, suspecting nothing, and there you have such a surprise waiting for you.

00:06:16Or here's a situation on Sakhalin.

00:06:18Imagine, your car breaks down on the highway, and the bear really wants to open up such a big can

00:06:25and get to the tasty contents inside.

00:06:28Fortunately, the driver eventually scared off Adok with some loud honks from the horn.

00:06:33Well, or maybe the clumsy one just lost his appetite.

00:06:37And these are shots from a drone by the owner who lost his dog.

00:06:41The husky joined a family of bears and felt right at home.

00:06:45For days, they played together, ate, and even slept in the same den.

00:06:50Here's direct proof that a dog is not only a man's best friend.

00:06:55Although, it turns out, not only dogs, but also influencers can sleep in a den with bears.

00:07:01The popular Serbian blogger, Stefan Jankovic, posted a video in which he ended up in a bear's den.

00:07:07He didn't explain how or why, but he said it was very scary.

00:07:13The video instantly went viral, getting millions of views, and Stefan then released another video where he was sitting in

00:07:20a tree, escaping from two bears.

00:07:23Actually, in Alaska, there's a regular contest where they choose the fattest bear.

00:07:29The winner is usually this handsome male named Greiser.

00:07:34But bears get fat, not only in the wild.

00:07:37Look at this.

00:07:39Because of these two fat bears, a zoo in China is being accused of deliberately overfeeding the animals to turn

00:07:45them into internet stars.

00:07:47The staff say they tried to put the leopard and the bear on a diet, but they refused to eat

00:07:52less.

00:07:53So, in the end, they decided there was no need to bother them with attempts to lose weight, and that

00:07:59they should just let them enjoy their well-fed old age.

00:08:02The leopard and the bear from the Chinese zoo are definitely our spirit animals now.

00:08:08Humans have a long history of interaction with bears.

00:08:11Bear hunting has been known since prehistoric times.

00:08:14It was not an easy task, but for Paleolithic hunters, the cave bear was a very important prey.

00:08:20Ancient people hunted cave bears for their meat, fat, and skins.

00:08:25They drove bears out of their dens and took over the caves for their own dwellings.

00:08:30Well, in our regions, people hunted bears for their skins and meat, and the nobility did it for entertainment and

00:08:36prestige.

00:08:37What kind of prince, what kind of ruler and warrior is he if he hasn't hunted a fierce beast?

00:08:42A wolf, an aurochs, or a bear?

00:08:45They hunted bears with a spear.

00:08:48Of course, there were bears not only in Russes, but all over Europe.

00:08:52But the forests were cut down, and the bears died out.

00:08:56In England, the last bear was killed back in the 17th century.

00:08:59And by the beginning of the 20th, in most European countries, bears remained only in old paintings, fairy tales, and

00:09:07legends.

00:09:07Today, the European bear population is being restored.

00:09:11Slovenia leads the way with its hard-to-reach mountainous forests.

00:09:15There, the bear population density is the highest, even higher than in Russia.

00:09:21But nowadays, hunting bears varies greatly from country to country, and it also differs a lot between polar bears and

00:09:28brown bears.

00:09:29Let's start with the polar bear.

00:09:30In Russia, hunting it has been banned since 1957.

00:09:35Simultaneously, in countries like the United States of America, Canada, and Denmark, 1,000 to 3,000 polar bears are

00:09:43hunted annually.

00:09:44The global population of these animals is between 25,000 and 30,000 individuals.

00:09:50There are no exact figures on the number of polar bears hunted anywhere, as it is difficult to keep track

00:09:55of this data.

00:09:56In Arctic conditions, it is extremely difficult to control this process.

00:10:01Polar bear hunting is carried out according to quotas, so there is a kind of imitation of control.

00:10:08The annual polar bear hunt is explained by the vital needs of the indigenous peoples.

00:10:13At the same time, the indigenous peoples do not live in reservations as they did in past centuries.

00:10:19They enjoy all the benefits of civilization, drive modern snowmobiles, and pickup trucks.

00:10:24Their settlements have bars, stores, and hotels.

00:10:28In reality, the quotas supposedly intended for indigenous peoples are simply used for trophy hunting.

00:10:35Hunting polar bears in the Arctic is expensive, which is why it's a profitable business for the locals.

00:10:40Now let's take a look at the brown bears.

00:10:43Here's, for example, some news about traditional values among the Swedes.

00:10:47Swedish hunters killed more than 150 brown bears in the first days of the annual hunt.

00:10:53The government issued almost 500 hunting licenses.

00:10:57That's 20% of the population.

00:11:00For the first time, the police accompanied hunters to protect them from protesters.

00:11:05Animal rights activists say that modern hunting methods make it extremely easy to kill a bear.

00:11:10What can be compared to the slaughter in 2008?

00:11:14There were 3,300 bears in the country, but hunting reduced their number by 40% to 2,400.

00:11:22In just two years, hundreds of wolves and lynxes have been killed in Sweden.

00:11:27Hunters consider this part of their cultural heritage.

00:11:30They say that northern Sweden would never have become suitable for living if it weren't for hunting with dogs.

00:11:36This is a cultural heritage and a right that we must protect.

00:11:40In Sweden, it is allowed to use decoys, cameras, and dogs.

00:11:45Barrels with food attract bears, and cameras send signals when an animal appears.

00:11:50And what about us?

00:11:52The current version of the bear hunting regulations in Russia has a paradox.

00:11:56The hunting season ends on December 31st.

00:12:00So formally, nothing prevents hunting at the den, as hunters call it.

00:12:04But in this case, if there is a female with cubs in the den, which will only become clear after

00:12:10the shot,

00:12:10then a contradiction arises with the paragraph that prohibits hunting bears under one-year-old and females with cubs.

00:12:18Thus, the hunter becomes a poacher.

00:12:21But this is only a third of the existing complex problem.

00:12:24The second third is what to do with the cubs left after the female is hunted.

00:12:30Let me repeat.

00:12:31It's only after the shot that people find out it was a female and that there were cubs.

00:12:35With the yearlings and sub-adults, who are also sometimes found in dens,

00:12:40the issue is usually resolved the same way as with an adult bear.

00:12:44However, when cubs are discovered,

00:12:47many hunters suddenly make various heroic efforts to save the orphans.

00:12:52Usually, the cubs die during transportation.

00:12:55Less often, they actually make it somewhere.

00:12:58Typically, it all starts with the nearest menageries or zoos,

00:13:02from where the rescued cubs are then sent somewhere farther away.

00:13:05Here, many give up,

00:13:07shamefully leaving the problem to be solved by euthanasia through cold and hunger.

00:13:11But the most persistent still manage to bring the fruit of their shame to rehabilitation centers,

00:13:17where the responsibility is passed on to other people.

00:13:21One of these centers is the Valentin Pogetny Orphan Bear Cub Rescue Center.

00:13:26In the 1990s, a unique method for raising bear cubs with the possibility of returning them to the wild

00:13:32was developed here.

00:13:34During the operation of the center,

00:13:36hundreds of bears have undergone rehabilitation using Pogetny's method

00:13:40and have been released back into the forest.

00:13:42But a hunter looking for a place to hand over a bear cub is not the whole problem.

00:13:47The final third part is that currently,

00:13:51the brown bear population is showing significant growth,

00:13:54while the number of animals hunted is decreasing.

00:13:57This is the official statistics of the Federal Center for the Development of Hunting Management.

00:14:02And the growth of the population is directly related to the safety of people living in the brown bear's habitat.

00:14:10During the Soviet Union era,

00:14:11the authorities tried to artificially regulate the number of bears

00:14:14and keep their population within the range of 120,000 to 130,000 individuals.

00:14:20It got to the point that in some nature reserves,

00:14:23for example in Corellia,

00:14:25bear hunting was encouraged all year round.

00:14:27In many regions and autonomous republics,

00:14:29a reward was paid for a bear,

00:14:31just like for a wolf.

00:14:33And this also did not contribute to the prosperity of the bear population.

00:14:37After the Great Patriotic War,

00:14:40mankind, thanks to scientific and technological progress,

00:14:43acquired weapons of extermination,

00:14:45which played a decisive role in reducing the bear population.

00:14:49No, it was not long-range rifles and carbines,

00:14:53nor was it motorized all-terrain vehicles,

00:14:56nor small aircraft.

00:14:57It was a simple, at first glance,

00:14:59thing that made bear hunting and activity accessible and,

00:15:03at the same time, safe for everyone.

00:15:0599%

00:15:06A loop made of steel cable.

00:15:09Of course, bear traps have been known since time immemorial.

00:15:13Hunting books from past decades are filled with descriptions of various snares,

00:15:18deadfalls and traps.

00:15:20But all of this was complicated,

00:15:22labor-intensive and did not guarantee success.

00:15:24The snare gave the hunter the opportunity,

00:15:26as they say,

00:15:27without injuring himself and without wasting extra time,

00:15:30to set a huge number of traps.

00:15:33Of course, this activity, like any other,

00:15:35required a certain amount of skill,

00:15:37but still,

00:15:38the effort spent on hunting a bear was reduced to a minimum.

00:15:41Let's return to our days.

00:15:43Now,

00:15:44throughout the entire territory of the country,

00:15:46you can find about 300,000 individuals,

00:15:49because such actions are not carried out.

00:15:51In addition,

00:15:52adult individuals drive the young out of the most favorable places to live.

00:15:57As a result,

00:15:58they end up on the outskirts of forests,

00:16:00which leads them to encounter villages and cities.

00:16:03But as usual,

00:16:04there are two completely opposite opinions,

00:16:06even here.

00:16:07According to some,

00:16:09in order to keep the bear population stable,

00:16:11at least 10% of them must be regularly removed.

00:16:16To remove means to shoot.

00:16:18At the same time,

00:16:19it's worth noting that the bear is not the most interesting animal for hunters.

00:16:24First,

00:16:25it's not a barbecue on legs.

00:16:26Bear meat is rarely eaten.

00:16:28It is often infested with parasites

00:16:30and has a very specific taste and smell.

00:16:33Secondly,

00:16:34it's not a cheap pleasure.

00:16:36In the central and northwestern districts,

00:16:38for example,

00:16:39such a permit for bear hunting

00:16:40will cost tens or even hundreds of thousands of rubles.

00:16:44The opinion of animal rights activists is that,

00:16:46on the contrary,

00:16:47the bear hunting season should be shortened until the 15th of November

00:16:51to completely eliminate the possibility of hunting female bears

00:16:54with cubs and bear cubs.

00:16:57Generally,

00:16:58animal rights activists and hunters

00:16:59are on opposite sides of the barricade worldwide.

00:17:02And the sympathies of the majority of YouTube residents,

00:17:05of course,

00:17:06are on the side of the bears.

00:17:07After all,

00:17:08in the age of social networks,

00:17:10of course,

00:17:10at first glance,

00:17:11everything seems pretty harmless and cute.

00:17:14Bear cubs purr sweetly in the arms of beautiful women.

00:17:18And people do photo shoots with bears.

00:17:21There are quite a few craftsmen

00:17:23who have made the bear their pet and a pretty good way to make money.

00:17:28One of the most famous is Stepan,

00:17:30who will soon turn 30.

00:17:32He has appeared in a couple dozen films,

00:17:35always playing himself.

00:17:36In one of them,

00:17:37Misha even had to be made up and painted brown.

00:17:40For Pavel Lungen's film,

00:17:42Sars,

00:17:43one of the animal's last projects was Yolki 1914,

00:17:46where Stepan had the leading role in one of the novellas.

00:17:50And if there were snipers on duty at the set of Lungen's film,

00:17:54on Yolki,

00:17:55there was more trust in the predator.

00:17:57Today,

00:17:58Stepan is trusted so much

00:18:00that many people think that photo shoots with him are photoshopped.

00:18:04Beautiful girls now line up to hug the 700 kilogram bear

00:18:08for a six-figure sum.

00:18:11And although taking a beautiful photo with a bear cub

00:18:13may seem like a tempting idea,

00:18:16it's still better to think carefully about your decision.

00:18:18You could become the main character in news stories like these.

00:18:22Maybe bears don't like photos

00:18:24because they're shy about their appearance,

00:18:27especially after hibernation.

00:18:30Here's an example of a case

00:18:31where the bear just couldn't tolerate its own reflection.

00:18:35In general,

00:18:36if you encounter a bear,

00:18:37try not to make any sudden movements,

00:18:39don't eat from its bowl,

00:18:40and don't sleep in its bed.

00:18:43Bears are divided into five sub-families,

00:18:46seven genera,

00:18:47and 35 species,

00:18:48of which 27 are extinct.

00:18:51Let's take a look at the most colorful one of them.

00:18:55Brown bear.

00:18:56The most numerous and well-known species of bear.

00:18:59A large animal with a body length of more than two meters

00:19:02and a shoulder height of up to a meter or more,

00:19:05weighing around 300 kilograms.

00:19:08It has a short tail,

00:19:09which is almost invisible because of its thick fur.

00:19:12Its paws are so strong that with a single blow,

00:19:15the bear can break the spine of a wild boar or a deer.

00:19:18The European bear is an omnivorous predator

00:19:21and eats everything it can find.

00:19:24Most of its diet consists of plant food,

00:19:27roots, fruits, berries, mushrooms,

00:19:30various insect larvae,

00:19:32worms, frogs,

00:19:34and, of course, honey.

00:19:36Usually, the brown bear hunts small animals

00:19:39such as ground squirrels,

00:19:40marmots, and badgers.

00:19:42When the opportunity arises,

00:19:44it also attacks larger prey,

00:19:46roe deer, goats, deer,

00:19:48and sometimes even wild boars.

00:19:51European brown bears are the best fishermen among bears,

00:19:54so they most often choose places near rivers,

00:19:57lakes, and swamps.

00:19:59Bears lead a solitary, nomadic lifestyle

00:20:02and only meet during the mating season.

00:20:05They establish the boundaries of their territories in the forest

00:20:08by marking them with scent and scratches on trees.

00:20:11Interestingly,

00:20:12the marks on the trunks

00:20:14serve as a kind of business card for the bear.

00:20:16If another bear wanders into its territory,

00:20:19it will compare its own height

00:20:21with the marks left by the owner.

00:20:23If it can't reach them,

00:20:24it will prefer to leave.

00:20:26Otherwise,

00:20:26it will have to engage in a fight

00:20:28with the owner of the territory.

00:20:30Most bears hibernate for the winter in dens,

00:20:33choosing hard-to-reach places like hollows,

00:20:36under tree roots,

00:20:38caves,

00:20:39or steep banks of bodies of water.

00:20:42And there are also shatuns,

00:20:44bears that couldn't organize

00:20:45a winter hibernation for themselves

00:20:47and wander around the area all winter

00:20:49in search of food.

00:20:51They are very aggressive and dangerous,

00:20:53including to humans.

00:20:55If the summer food supply was more or less normal,

00:20:58there won't be that many shatuns.

00:21:01However,

00:21:02there are years when hungry bears become more active,

00:21:04and their numbers can increase by about half.

00:21:08This happens once every 10 to 15 years,

00:21:10and there are many reasons for it,

00:21:12from natural disasters

00:21:14to the untimely onset of cold weather.

00:21:16Animals have a strict schedule.

00:21:18In summer and autumn,

00:21:20they accumulate fat

00:21:21and prepare their dens,

00:21:22and in winter,

00:21:23they sleep.

00:21:24But sometimes winter comes earlier

00:21:26than the animals expected.

00:21:28Then the only concern of the wandering bear

00:21:30becomes finding food,

00:21:32and all its senses are tuned to this task.

00:21:36It is not uncommon to see overturned trees in the forest.

00:21:39This shows the wandering bear

00:21:41is actively searching for food,

00:21:43even paying attention to ordinary clay during this time.

00:21:46From a gastronomic point of view,

00:21:48The poor animal needs to keep warm.

00:21:51In January,

00:21:52when the frosts are harsh,

00:21:54the shatun begins to wreak havoc in the forest.

00:21:57Although he is thin,

00:21:58he still has enough strength.

00:22:00He knocks down several trees,

00:22:03and then piles them up to make himself a den.

00:22:05Under the weight of his mass,

00:22:07the sturdy trees soon turn into branches and splinters.

00:22:11A common reason for the appearance of a rogue bear

00:22:13is all kinds of parasites that get into its stomach.

00:22:17No matter how much the brown bear eats,

00:22:20a fat layer does not form

00:22:22because the nutrients are used up to feed the parasites.

00:22:26The bear will try to eat some kind of plant

00:22:28that can cleanse its stomach.

00:22:30But you can't get full-on just grass.

00:22:33Consolapi realizes this

00:22:35and sets off on a risky journey.

00:22:38If such anomalies continue,

00:22:40then in addition to shatun bears,

00:22:42there are also pestuni.

00:22:43Which are a rather rare phenomenon in the wild.

00:22:46This happens to a young bear who,

00:22:48in his third year of life,

00:22:50still stays close to the mother bear.

00:22:53The word pestuvat is well-known,

00:22:55meaning to care for and protect the young,

00:22:58acting as a nanny.

00:22:59In the world of bears,

00:23:01older ones can also look after the younger cubs,

00:23:04the bear cubs that are less than a year old.

00:23:07Even more rarely,

00:23:08the pestun stays with the mother

00:23:10and the second-year cubs, called lanchiki.

00:23:12The pestun avoids adult males,

00:23:15and after leaving his mother before the mating season,

00:23:18he soon finds her again by following scent marks.

00:23:21The image of an older brother or sister among bears

00:23:24has also found its reflection in many folktales and legends,

00:23:27where they appear as guardians and protectors.

00:23:30But it's time to move on to other bears.

00:23:33Kodiak.

00:23:34Its only habitat on the planet

00:23:36is Kodiak Island and other islands of the archipelago

00:23:40off the southern coast of Alaska.

00:23:42Here, the winter is short,

00:23:44and there is plenty of food.

00:23:46These bears are omnivorous.

00:23:47They eat grass, berries, meat, and even carrion.

00:23:51But the main thing for gaining weight

00:23:53is catching salmon during the spawning season.

00:23:56The population of the bear is declining due to hunting,

00:23:59so the Kodiak bear is under government protection.

00:24:03Kodiaks have a compact and muscular body,

00:24:05a massive head,

00:24:07and long, strong legs.

00:24:09Their body length reaches 1.8 meters,

00:24:12and their weight is more than half a ton.

00:24:15The largest known bear weighed 780 kilograms.

00:24:20Who is heavier, the Kodiak or the polar bear?

00:24:24The Wildlife website concluded

00:24:26that when comparing the athletic polar bear

00:24:29and the stocky Kodiak,

00:24:31the contest ends in a draw.

00:24:34A similar conclusion was reached by the specialists

00:24:36of the United States Library of Congress on their website.

00:24:40Grizzly.

00:24:41The gray bear, or grizzly,

00:24:44differs from the brown bear primarily in its color.

00:24:47This species is under threat of extinction.

00:24:50However, the United States authorities

00:24:52have filed a petition to remove the grizzly

00:24:54from the Red Book,

00:24:56claiming that its population is recovering

00:24:58in the Yellowstone National Park area.

00:25:00The court rejected this petition.

00:25:03Besides all other places in the United States,

00:25:05the grizzly is found in Alaska.

00:25:08Scientists continue to argue about its classification

00:25:11and species affiliation.

00:25:12Some consider the grizzly to be a separate group

00:25:15living in continental regions.

00:25:17While island and coastal bears are classified as brown bears,

00:25:21other scientists consider the grizzly

00:25:23not as a separate species,

00:25:25but as a subspecies of the brown bear.

00:25:27While the bear is young,

00:25:29it actively climbs trees in search of sweet treats.

00:25:33However, in the habitats of the grizzly,

00:25:35wild beehives are rarely found.

00:25:37If an adult grizzly started climbing every tree,

00:25:41the forests of Alaska would quickly disappear.

00:25:43The large weight does not allow this sturdy fellow

00:25:46to even think about getting honey.

00:25:49Grizzlies are content with only the food

00:25:51they can find or obtain on the ground.

00:25:53Female grizzlies weigh half as much as males,

00:25:56but they need strong offspring.

00:25:58To get it,

00:25:59they choose the most agile,

00:26:01fast,

00:26:02and resilient mates.

00:26:03In response to the male's courtship,

00:26:06the female starts to move away.

00:26:08Thanks to their lighter weight,

00:26:10females can run faster.

00:26:11That's why it's not so easy

00:26:13for the male to catch up with his beloved.

00:26:15As they say,

00:26:16if I can't keep up,

00:26:17I'll at least stay warm.

00:26:18And if the suitor still shows persistence

00:26:21and is capable of a feat,

00:26:23the female gradually slows down

00:26:25and lets him catch up with her.

00:26:28Grizzly bears have mastered fishing so well

00:26:30that many fishermen could learn a thing or two from them.

00:26:33He can simply lower his snout into the water

00:26:36and scoop up spawning salmon.

00:26:39However,

00:26:40he only does this early in the spawning season

00:26:42when the fish start arriving.

00:26:44The bear can catch prey right in midair.

00:26:47The salmon leaps out of the water

00:26:49when it encounters steep rapids.

00:26:51During this period,

00:26:53many bears gather on the riverbanks,

00:26:55and all of them strictly follow fishing etiquette.

00:26:58The grizzly has a varied diet

00:27:01and looks at even butterflies

00:27:02with gastronomic interest.

00:27:04It doesn't matter to him what's for lunch.

00:27:07He can dig roots out of the ground

00:27:09or catch large prey.

00:27:11Berries, nuts, reptiles.

00:27:14Grizzly always has something to eat.

00:27:16However,

00:27:17he is very principled

00:27:19and rarely eats someone else's leftovers.

00:27:22At the same time,

00:27:24he doesn't drive predators away

00:27:25from the food he has honestly obtained.

00:27:27The only exception

00:27:29might be the risk of total exhaustion,

00:27:31which would force him to act differently.

00:27:34Sometimes grizzly gets so carried away

00:27:36with plant food

00:27:37that he forgets about his protein diet.

00:27:40This happens in the middle of spring

00:27:41when everything is fresh

00:27:43and incredibly healthy.

00:27:44However,

00:27:45he still needs protein

00:27:46and he doesn't have enough strength to hunt

00:27:49because winter greatly weakens

00:27:51the body of any bear.

00:27:52That's why grizzly includes leftovers

00:27:54left by people in his diet.

00:27:56Tourist camps,

00:27:58dumps,

00:27:58and the backyards of careless owners

00:28:00are full of interesting food.

00:28:02The Alaskan bear always appears unexpectedly,

00:28:06eats,

00:28:06and disappears.

00:28:07A distinctive feature of the gray bear

00:28:09is its powerful jaws.

00:28:12The brown bear

00:28:13has most of its jaw

00:28:14adapted for processing plant food,

00:28:16although it can eat hard foods,

00:28:19with molar teeth.

00:28:20The grizzly has a higher concentration

00:28:22of carnivorous teeth.

00:28:24When it feeds on plants

00:28:25and carbohydrates,

00:28:26it uses the front part of its jaw.

00:28:29And when it switches to protein food,

00:28:31it uses its molar teeth.

00:28:33In general,

00:28:34it tries to diversify its diet

00:28:36and maintain a balance in its nutrition.

00:28:38The brown bear sleeps all winter long

00:28:41if it has managed to accumulate enough fat.

00:28:44Grizzly, however,

00:28:45prefers to doze.

00:28:46Its body temperature drops only slightly,

00:28:49to about 30 degrees,

00:28:51and its heart rate remains

00:28:52between 8 and 18 beats per minute.

00:28:55This can be considered

00:28:57a mild form of stasis,

00:28:58a state of complete cessation

00:29:00of any physiological processes.

00:29:03In its sleep,

00:29:04the bear can move and stretch.

00:29:06If a thaw sets in,

00:29:08grizzly will definitely come out to eat,

00:29:10but will only return

00:29:11after the start of a snowstorm,

00:29:13so it's easier to cover his tracks.

00:29:16Male grizzlies rub against the same tree.

00:29:19And in this way,

00:29:20they resolve mating issues.

00:29:22During the mating season,

00:29:23they have to fight

00:29:24for the attention of females.

00:29:26When bears rub against a certain tree,

00:29:28they pass information about themselves

00:29:30to potential rivals.

00:29:32If the analysis shows

00:29:33that the rival is older,

00:29:35stronger,

00:29:35and more powerful,

00:29:37the bear wisely backs off.

00:29:40Spectacled bear

00:29:41The beige patches of fur on its face

00:29:44have become the spectacled bear's passport.

00:29:46It is the only bear species

00:29:48that has 13 pairs of ribs

00:29:50instead of 14.

00:29:52This anatomical feature

00:29:53shows its kinship

00:29:54with short-faced ancestors.

00:29:56All of them are extinct.

00:29:58The spectacled bear

00:29:59is the last representative

00:30:01of its genus.

00:30:02Members of the species

00:30:03live in South America,

00:30:04and there are no other bears

00:30:06on the continent.

00:30:07Spectacled bears have learned

00:30:09to climb large cacti

00:30:10to reach the fruits at their tops.

00:30:12South American bears

00:30:14also love sugarcane and honey,

00:30:16only occasionally catching insects.

00:30:19The stomach of the Andean bear

00:30:21is unique.

00:30:22The muscles are powerful,

00:30:23the enzymes are active,

00:30:25and the jaw strength is high.

00:30:27Moreover,

00:30:28the enzymes are capable

00:30:30of breaking down

00:30:31even dense tree bark.

00:30:32The length of the front

00:30:33and back paws is different.

00:30:35If nature hadn't adapted

00:30:37the limbs of the spectacled bear,

00:30:39it wouldn't be able

00:30:40to overcome even small obstacles.

00:30:42Long front paws

00:30:44allow it to reach

00:30:45even the most distant

00:30:46upper branches.

00:30:47Although its limbs

00:30:48can't really be called

00:30:49particularly large,

00:30:51the stocky body shape

00:30:52contributed to the active

00:30:54development of its muscles.

00:30:56Such strong,

00:30:57well-developed paws

00:30:58are no longer found

00:30:59in the world of bears.

00:31:01The Andesky bear

00:31:02leads a solitary lifestyle

00:31:03and seems to need no one.

00:31:06It doesn't make friends

00:31:07and only forms relationships

00:31:09for reproduction,

00:31:10carefully guarding

00:31:11its territory.

00:31:12The marks it leaves

00:31:13serve as a means

00:31:14of communication

00:31:15with its kin,

00:31:16not as a warning.

00:31:18If a rival crosses

00:31:19the boundaries,

00:31:20the bear just growls a little.

00:31:22And that's the end of it.

00:31:23In unwanted encounters,

00:31:25the spectacled bear

00:31:26prefers to hide

00:31:27on its platform in the tree.

00:31:29That's also where it rests

00:31:30after its daily wanderings.

00:31:32For this reason,

00:31:34it's incredibly difficult

00:31:35to spot a bear in the wild.

00:31:37If there's enough food,

00:31:39the bear doesn't stray

00:31:40far from its platform.

00:31:41It should be noted

00:31:42that the Andean bear

00:31:44allocates only 5%

00:31:46of its diet

00:31:46to protein food.

00:31:48He may look at a deer

00:31:49or a musk deer

00:31:50with gastronomic interest,

00:31:52but he especially

00:31:53values insects.

00:31:54To get termites,

00:31:56the bear uses

00:31:57its long tongue,

00:31:58inserting it

00:31:59into the multilevel nest

00:32:00and extracting

00:32:01everything it finds

00:32:03in the wood.

00:32:03In years of hunger,

00:32:05he won't refuse

00:32:06expired food,

00:32:08preferring to avoid

00:32:09hunting bearabal.

00:32:10You can encounter

00:32:11black, brown,

00:32:13and even almost white

00:32:14versions of the black bear.

00:32:16And sometimes,

00:32:17the fur can be blue-black.

00:32:19Each individual

00:32:20proudly bears

00:32:21a barely noticeable

00:32:22light spot,

00:32:23either on its muzzle

00:32:24or on its neck.

00:32:25This feature gives

00:32:26the bear a special charm

00:32:28and makes its appearance

00:32:30seem more intelligent.

00:32:31All bearabals

00:32:33are born light gray.

00:32:34And only later,

00:32:35when the body,

00:32:36together with the brain,

00:32:37begins to perceive

00:32:38the surrounding environment,

00:32:40does the body start

00:32:41to produce

00:32:41coloring pigment.

00:32:43Despite its noticeable fur,

00:32:45finding a bearabal

00:32:46in the forest

00:32:47is incredibly difficult.

00:32:49The relatively small

00:32:50weight of the bears

00:32:51allows them

00:32:52to easily climb

00:32:53tree trunks.

00:32:54For the little cubs,

00:32:55this is the only way

00:32:57to hide

00:32:57from potential danger.

00:32:58That's why

00:32:59a pregnant female

00:33:00carefully chooses

00:33:01a place to give birth.

00:33:03The only important condition

00:33:05is the presence

00:33:06of many trees nearby

00:33:07with a small trunk diameter,

00:33:09which should not exceed

00:33:1150 centimeters.

00:33:13In addition,

00:33:14the future mother

00:33:15pays attention

00:33:15to the texture

00:33:16of the trunk.

00:33:17If it is ribbed

00:33:18and matches

00:33:19the required diameter,

00:33:20it is here

00:33:21that she will bring

00:33:22her offspring.

00:33:23And the first thing

00:33:24the mother bear

00:33:25will teach her cubs

00:33:26is how to climb trees.

00:33:28Even if the bearabal

00:33:29is wounded or hungry,

00:33:31it will never attack

00:33:32a human.

00:33:32The bearabal tries

00:33:34to avoid encounters

00:33:35with two-legged creatures,

00:33:36but it does not

00:33:37show aggression.

00:33:38If such a situation

00:33:39does happen,

00:33:41bears usually

00:33:42aren't very good

00:33:43at social life.

00:33:44But in this case,

00:33:46it's different.

00:33:47When there are problems

00:33:48with the food supply,

00:33:50bearabals can unite

00:33:51into small groups

00:33:52and live according

00:33:53to an established hierarchy.

00:33:56The main dominant

00:33:57leads the hunt,

00:33:58and the other bears

00:33:59obey his demands.

00:34:01As soon as food supplies

00:34:03become sufficient,

00:34:04the group quickly

00:34:05breaks up.

00:34:06However,

00:34:07there are female bears

00:34:09who never leave

00:34:09their offspring,

00:34:11so the females

00:34:12gather together.

00:34:13While some of them

00:34:14go out in search of food,

00:34:16one always stays behind

00:34:17to watch over the cubs.

00:34:19The physiology

00:34:20of the American bear

00:34:21is perfectly adapted

00:34:23to winter conditions.

00:34:25Like most bears,

00:34:26it must hibernate,

00:34:27but it does not make

00:34:29a den for this as often.

00:34:30The choice of location

00:34:32depends on the presence

00:34:33of windfalls,

00:34:34the number of trees,

00:34:35and the density

00:34:36of the forest.

00:34:37And also,

00:34:38the bearabal can easily

00:34:40dig a den right in the snow.

00:34:42Bearabals can safely

00:34:43be considered vegetarians.

00:34:45They don't like to hunt,

00:34:46rarely do so,

00:34:47and prefer gathering.

00:34:49The forest is full

00:34:50of plant-based food,

00:34:51so berries like raspberries

00:34:53and juicy root vegetables

00:34:55are exactly what they need.

00:34:57Before hibernation,

00:34:58they also catch salmon,

00:34:59because fish helps them

00:35:01accumulate body fat.

00:35:02When it starts getting cold outside,

00:35:05bears appear more often

00:35:06near people

00:35:07and may steal human food.

00:35:12Malayan bear

00:35:13Among bears,

00:35:15the Malayan is the smallest.

00:35:16Its weight does not exceed

00:35:1865 kilograms,

00:35:19and its body length

00:35:21reaches a maximum

00:35:22of one and a half meters.

00:35:24However,

00:35:25despite their small size,

00:35:26these bears are considered

00:35:28quite aggressive.

00:35:28In Asia,

00:35:30Malayan bears are sometimes

00:35:31kept in yards

00:35:32instead of dogs.

00:35:33It is here that

00:35:35the miniature bears live.

00:35:36In countries such as

00:35:38Vietnam,

00:35:39India,

00:35:39China,

00:35:40Thailand,

00:35:41and Indonesia,

00:35:42the bear stands out

00:35:44in appearance

00:35:44thanks to its unique

00:35:46adaptation,

00:35:47a large amount of fur

00:35:48on its neck.

00:35:49It seems that in front of us

00:35:51is a mastiff-like representative

00:35:52of the Shar-Pei breed,

00:35:54but all the folds

00:35:55are concentrated

00:35:56around the neck.

00:35:56This makes the protection

00:35:58of a vital area

00:35:59from fang-bearing enemies

00:36:01more effective.

00:36:02Beruang,

00:36:03as he is called in Asia,

00:36:05is not as simple

00:36:06as he may seem.

00:36:07If an enemy grabs the bear,

00:36:09the bear instantly

00:36:10slips out of its grasp

00:36:11and uses its long claws

00:36:13together with its sharp

00:36:15fangs for defense.

00:36:16Many species of the bear family

00:36:18are not naturally aggressive.

00:36:21They may intimidate

00:36:22by rearing up

00:36:23and showing their true size,

00:36:25but they will not attack first.

00:36:28However,

00:36:29the Malayan bear

00:36:30can start a fight

00:36:31without much reason.

00:36:32Its small size

00:36:33seems to be compensated

00:36:35by its aggressiveness

00:36:36and courage.

00:36:37Simply put,

00:36:38it prefers to keep

00:36:39all the inhabitants

00:36:40of the forest in fear.

00:36:42When bears grow up,

00:36:44males and females

00:36:45begin actively searching

00:36:46for their mates.

00:36:48Malays choose their partners

00:36:49with special care,

00:36:50because this is a love for life.

00:36:52These bears are not prone

00:36:54to promiscuity.

00:36:55Even the cubs

00:36:56will be raised in pairs.

00:36:58In addition,

00:36:59if there is a shortage of food,

00:37:01the female can delay

00:37:02the onset of pregnancy

00:37:03until more favorable

00:37:04conditions arise.

00:37:06The Malayan bear

00:37:07is a rare species

00:37:08listed in the

00:37:10International Red Book.

00:37:11Of all bears,

00:37:13the Malayan bear

00:37:14is the most bow-legged.

00:37:16While walking,

00:37:17its four limbs

00:37:18turn inward,

00:37:19forming peculiar

00:37:20half-moon shapes.

00:37:22When the parents

00:37:23bring offspring,

00:37:24the bear cubs

00:37:25don't evoke much affection.

00:37:27They look as if

00:37:28they can't see

00:37:29or hear anything.

00:37:31They don't look like

00:37:32bear cubs at all,

00:37:33but rather resemble

00:37:34small rodents.

00:37:36Moreover,

00:37:37the youngsters

00:37:37can't relieve themselves

00:37:39on their own,

00:37:40and the mother bear

00:37:41hurries to help them.

00:37:42The mother presses

00:37:43on their bellies

00:37:44to stimulate

00:37:45natural processes.

00:37:47Only after a few months

00:37:49will the little troublemakers

00:37:50start to resemble

00:37:52adult Malayan bears.

00:37:53Look at how long

00:37:55their tongue is.

00:37:56It reaches a full

00:37:5725 centimeters.

00:37:59From an early age,

00:38:01the Malayan bear

00:38:02shows a special interest

00:38:03in termites,

00:38:04and evolution

00:38:05has decided

00:38:06to give it

00:38:06the appropriate tool.

00:38:08The tongue

00:38:09of the Malayan bear

00:38:10even has a special

00:38:11stickiness,

00:38:12similar to that

00:38:13of a real anteater.

00:38:15However,

00:38:15Malayan bears

00:38:16are real sweet tooths,

00:38:18and like other species

00:38:19of bears,

00:38:20they also collect honey.

00:38:21The vast majority

00:38:22of bears go into

00:38:23hibernation for the winter.

00:38:25However,

00:38:26in the habitats

00:38:26of Malayan bears,

00:38:28there has never

00:38:28been a winter.

00:38:29That's why they don't

00:38:30even know what

00:38:31hibernation is

00:38:32or what it's for.

00:38:34There is plenty

00:38:35of diverse food around,

00:38:36and with their body mass,

00:38:38it's quite easy

00:38:39for them to find

00:38:39the necessary supplies.

00:38:41Sloth bear.

00:38:43Externally,

00:38:44this bear resembles

00:38:45an anteater

00:38:46or a sloth,

00:38:47but genetically

00:38:48and by lineage,

00:38:49it belongs

00:38:50to the bear family.

00:38:51Many people call it

00:38:52the sloth bear

00:38:53because of the unique

00:38:54shape of its lips,

00:38:55which protrudes

00:38:56slightly forward

00:38:57and are a bit turned out.

00:38:59The bear also

00:38:59has a long tongue,

00:39:01which it uses

00:39:01to get honey

00:39:02from beehives,

00:39:03as well as termites

00:39:04and ants

00:39:05from their nests.

00:39:06In terms of coloring,

00:39:07the sloth bear

00:39:08is similar

00:39:09to the Himalayan bear.

00:39:10Its fur is dark,

00:39:11with longer hair

00:39:13on the head and neck,

00:39:14and there is a white spot

00:39:15visible on its chest.

00:39:17The sloth bear's ears

00:39:18are larger

00:39:18and also adorned

00:39:20with longer hair.

00:39:21Overall,

00:39:22its fur is longer

00:39:23and shaggier

00:39:24than that of the Himalayan bear,

00:39:25and its snout

00:39:26is more elongated.

00:39:29The sloth bear's weight

00:39:30rarely exceeds

00:39:31140 kilograms

00:39:32and usually

00:39:33is around 100.

00:39:34This species

00:39:35inhabits the forests

00:39:36of Ceylon

00:39:37and Hindustan.

00:39:38The sloth bear

00:39:39served as the prototype

00:39:41for the famous Baloo

00:39:42from Kipling's work.

00:39:44This bear

00:39:45is significantly smaller

00:39:46than the common brown bear,

00:39:48but that doesn't mean

00:39:49nature has deprived it

00:39:51of talents.

00:39:52The bear

00:39:53has a unique ability

00:39:54to roll its lip.

00:39:55When it finds

00:39:56a termite mound,

00:39:58it first uses its claws

00:39:59to break open the nest.

00:40:01However,

00:40:02like any gourmet,

00:40:03the sloth bear

00:40:04is in no hurry

00:40:05to eat dirty food

00:40:06that has just been

00:40:07dug out of the ground.

00:40:08Its lips

00:40:09act like a pump.

00:40:10First,

00:40:11it blows the dust

00:40:12off its dining table

00:40:13and then it switches

00:40:14to suction mode,

00:40:16drawing in

00:40:17the desired food.

00:40:18Whatever the sloth bear

00:40:20does,

00:40:21it constantly makes sounds

00:40:22that can hardly

00:40:23be called

00:40:24restrained.

00:40:25He doesn't worry

00:40:26about his safety

00:40:27at all.

00:40:28You can recognize him

00:40:30by his snoring

00:40:30from quite a distance,

00:40:32and when he eats,

00:40:34the sounds become

00:40:35even louder.

00:40:36The sounds

00:40:37of the sloth bear's meal

00:40:38can be heard

00:40:39from 50 to 100 meters away,

00:40:41so it's not hard

00:40:43to find him.

00:40:44Of all the senses,

00:40:45the sloth bear

00:40:46mainly relies

00:40:46on its sense of smell.

00:40:48Its vision and hearing

00:40:49are not as well developed.

00:40:51If you approach him

00:40:52from the upwind side,

00:40:54the bear might not

00:40:55notice a stranger,

00:40:56but he will still

00:40:58smell him.

00:40:58When the sloth bear

00:40:59can't see or hear,

00:41:01but senses that

00:41:02something is wrong,

00:41:03he starts to defend himself

00:41:04by swinging his paws.

00:41:06The bear's diet

00:41:07includes not only termites.

00:41:09He likes fruit,

00:41:11but there is very little

00:41:12of it in his area,

00:41:14so the shaggy one

00:41:15often visits

00:41:16human gardens.

00:41:17He not only looks

00:41:18for the ripest fruits,

00:41:20but sometimes

00:41:20he tramples everything

00:41:22around for nothing.

00:41:23Sometimes his interest

00:41:24in food

00:41:25is not limited to fruit.

00:41:27A cornfield

00:41:28or a patch of sugar cane

00:41:30will do just as well.

00:41:31The bear is excellent

00:41:32at climbing trees

00:41:33and can reach a height

00:41:34of 8 to 10 meters

00:41:36in just a few seconds.

00:41:37That's not even

00:41:38the limit for him.

00:41:40However,

00:41:41he uses his talents

00:41:42only to satisfy

00:41:43his own gastronomic desires.

00:41:46A sloth bear

00:41:47can climb a tree

00:41:48for tasty honey,

00:41:49juicy fruit,

00:41:50or to raid a bird's nest.

00:41:52But he doesn't climb trees

00:41:54to escape

00:41:55from potential enemies.

00:41:56Sloth bears

00:41:57don't care much

00:41:58about their own safety,

00:41:59and that's probably why

00:42:01they ended up

00:42:01in the red book.

00:42:02You can't call

00:42:03the sloth bear a coward.

00:42:05He knows how to stand up

00:42:06for himself,

00:42:07and nature has given him

00:42:08effective means of defense.

00:42:10However,

00:42:11if a loud noise

00:42:12suddenly erupts nearby,

00:42:13the bear instantly accelerates

00:42:15to a top speed

00:42:16of 40 kilometers per hour.

00:42:18That's not bad

00:42:19for his size.

00:42:20He rushes so fast

00:42:21that his fur blows back,

00:42:23not paying attention

00:42:24to the road.

00:42:25And with his eyesight,

00:42:26it's hard for him

00:42:27to keep track

00:42:28of where he's going.

00:42:29Sloth bears often stumble

00:42:31and land on their behinds.

00:42:33The sloth bear

00:42:34is a nocturnal animal

00:42:35and only goes out

00:42:36in search of food

00:42:37after sunset.

00:42:38However,

00:42:39when they become parents,

00:42:41their biological clocks

00:42:42change drastically.

00:42:44Mothers should be familiar

00:42:45with this.

00:42:46They used to sleep at night,

00:42:48but now,

00:42:48they constantly watch

00:42:50over their offspring.

00:42:51Gobachi parents

00:42:52deliberately confuse

00:42:53day and night,

00:42:54switching to a daytime routine.

00:42:56It's much safer this way.

00:42:58A pair of Gobachi

00:42:59comes together

00:43:00exclusively during

00:43:01the mating season.

00:43:02However,

00:43:03the father of the future offspring

00:43:05is not rushing

00:43:06to leave his temporary mate.

00:43:08He tries to make sure

00:43:09that their young

00:43:10are healthy and strong,

00:43:11so he carefully brings

00:43:13his lady provisions.

00:43:15Good and balanced nutrition

00:43:17is important

00:43:17for the little ones,

00:43:18and dad does everything

00:43:20he can to provide it.

00:43:22As soon as the youngsters

00:43:23open their eyes,

00:43:24Gubak leaves the family

00:43:26and goes off on his own.

00:43:28All Goobaks

00:43:29have long,

00:43:30shaggy fur.

00:43:31In the place

00:43:32where bipeds

00:43:33might have a beard,

00:43:35the bear has tangled,

00:43:36messy-looking strands.

00:43:38The strange collar

00:43:39is a clever gift

00:43:40from nature.

00:43:41It's convenient

00:43:42for the cubs

00:43:43to cling to the fur,

00:43:44so they often ride

00:43:46on their mother's back,

00:43:47which is unusual

00:43:48for bears.

00:43:49The mother isn't bothered

00:43:50by the presence

00:43:51of the cubs

00:43:51while running,

00:43:52searching for food,

00:43:53or during fierce fights.

00:43:55Sloth bears never

00:43:57go into hibernation.

00:43:58These fellows

00:43:59preferred to live

00:44:00in the area

00:44:00where there is always

00:44:02food available.

00:44:03They simply never

00:44:04have any hungry times.

00:44:05So why would they

00:44:06need to use

00:44:07the ancient talent

00:44:08of slowing down

00:44:09their metabolism?

00:44:10Yes,

00:44:11in colder times,

00:44:12the bear really does

00:44:14become even more

00:44:15like a sloth,

00:44:16but it's not able

00:44:17to drop out

00:44:17of its usual routine

00:44:18for a couple of months.

00:44:20The sloth bear

00:44:21enjoys life.

00:44:22He prefers to stay active,

00:44:24continuing to look

00:44:25for food

00:44:25and explore his territory.

00:44:28Himalayan bear.

00:44:29Imagine being told

00:44:31a story about

00:44:31strange broken branches,

00:44:33huge nests

00:44:35at the tops of trees,

00:44:37and hairy creatures

00:44:38that instantly disappear

00:44:39when encountered.

00:44:40So,

00:44:41that's not a yeti at all.

00:44:43Those are just

00:44:44ordinary Himalayan bears.

00:44:46Yes,

00:44:47they're the ones

00:44:47who build huge nests

00:44:49in the trees

00:44:49simply because

00:44:50they're used to living there

00:44:52in a different way.

00:44:53This bear is called

00:44:55the Asian black bear.

00:44:56This clumsy animal

00:44:58lives in the mountains

00:44:59from Iran to Japan.

00:45:01In Russia,

00:45:02its representatives

00:45:02live beyond

00:45:03the Amur River,

00:45:04usually in the Usuri region.

00:45:06To know exactly

00:45:07who is in front of you,

00:45:08it's enough

00:45:09to pay attention

00:45:10to the animal's neck.

00:45:11These animals

00:45:12have a distinctive

00:45:13white spot

00:45:14in the shape

00:45:14of a check mark

00:45:15located on their neck.

00:45:17But there are individuals

00:45:18with even more

00:45:19unusual appearances,

00:45:20moon golden bear.

00:45:22The maximum weight

00:45:24of the animal

00:45:24reaches 140 kilograms

00:45:26and its body length

00:45:27is about

00:45:28one and a half meters.

00:45:29However,

00:45:30its claws are thicker

00:45:31and larger

00:45:32than those of

00:45:32brown and polar bears,

00:45:34which is related

00:45:35to the lifestyle

00:45:35of the black bear.

00:45:37It spends most

00:45:37of its time in trees

00:45:39and its claws

00:45:40help it climb them

00:45:41skillfully.

00:45:42The animals

00:45:43can climb a tree

00:45:4430 meters high

00:45:45and descend to the ground

00:45:46very quickly.

00:45:48For the animal,

00:45:49it is not difficult

00:45:50to jump

00:45:51from a height

00:45:51of 6 meters.

00:45:53You can't call

00:45:54the Asian bear

00:45:55a fierce predator.

00:45:56From animal food,

00:45:58the bear usually

00:45:58only eats insects.

00:46:00The main part

00:46:01of its diet

00:46:01consists of grasses,

00:46:03roots,

00:46:04berries,

00:46:04and acorns.

00:46:05Of all the traditional

00:46:06bear species,

00:46:07except for the giant panda,

00:46:09the Himalayan bear

00:46:10is the smallest

00:46:11and most harmless.

00:46:13It sometimes becomes

00:46:14prey for larger predators,

00:46:16like Amor tigers,

00:46:17wolves,

00:46:18and brown bears.

00:46:19The Himalayan bear

00:46:20also rests

00:46:21and goes into hibernation

00:46:22in a tree,

00:46:23its den.

00:46:24The animal prepares

00:46:25its den

00:46:26in the hollow

00:46:26of a large trunk.

00:46:27They clear

00:46:28and expand the nest,

00:46:30tamp down the floor,

00:46:31and settle in

00:46:32more comfortably.

00:46:33The place for wintering

00:46:35can be a pit in the ground,

00:46:36a cave,

00:46:37or a huge stump.

00:46:38However,

00:46:39settling down

00:46:40for the winter

00:46:40on the ground

00:46:41is very dangerous.

00:46:43Amor tigers

00:46:43are not dozing.

00:46:44Two subspecies

00:46:46of the white-chested bear

00:46:47are listed

00:46:48in the red book,

00:46:48the beluja stan

00:46:50and the usuri subspecies.

00:46:52Besides poachers,

00:46:53other animals

00:46:54also pose a threat

00:46:55to their lives,

00:46:56with whom

00:46:57they come into conflict,

00:46:58namely,

00:46:59brown bears,

00:47:00wolves,

00:47:01Amor tigers,

00:47:01and lynxes.

00:47:02In addition,

00:47:03constant movement

00:47:04through the trees

00:47:05and between rocks

00:47:06does not always

00:47:07end well

00:47:08for everyone.

00:47:09The gallbladder

00:47:10of Himalayan bears

00:47:12is highly valued

00:47:13in folk medicine.

00:47:14The price of

00:47:15one kilogram of bile

00:47:16can reach $50,000.

00:47:19It is used

00:47:20in traditional medicine

00:47:21to treat

00:47:21many diseases,

00:47:23inflammations,

00:47:24headaches,

00:47:25hemorrhoids,

00:47:26and more.

00:47:27Since hunting

00:47:27this species

00:47:28is prohibited,

00:47:29bile is mainly sold

00:47:31on the black market.

00:47:32Bears suffer the most

00:47:33in Vietnam

00:47:34and China.

00:47:35There,

00:47:36poachers catch

00:47:37the unfortunate animals

00:47:38and place them

00:47:39in captivity.

00:47:40The Vietnamese

00:47:41Bear Rescue Center

00:47:42reported that

00:47:43more than 14,000 bears

00:47:46are still kept

00:47:46in cages on farms.

00:47:49Many rescued bears

00:47:50have to have

00:47:51their gallbladders removed.

00:47:52Some are missing limbs,

00:47:54lost as a result

00:47:56of violence and cruelty.

00:47:57During raids

00:47:58carried out

00:47:59by farmers

00:48:00and poachers,

00:48:01long years

00:48:02of confinement

00:48:02in small cages

00:48:03lead to tooth loss.

00:48:05The musculoskeletal system

00:48:07of these immobile animals

00:48:08becomes hopelessly atrophied.

00:48:10It is difficult

00:48:11to breed bears

00:48:12in captivity,

00:48:13so 99% of the bears

00:48:15used in this industry

00:48:17are captives

00:48:18taken from

00:48:18their natural habitat.

00:48:20The polar bear,

00:48:21this species of bear,

00:48:23is a relative

00:48:24of the brown bear.

00:48:25But for that one,

00:48:26it's the opposite.

00:48:27Dark fur

00:48:28and light skin.

00:48:30They have a common ancestor,

00:48:32but their living conditions

00:48:33are different,

00:48:33and the polar variant

00:48:35had to adapt.

00:48:36It's body temperature

00:48:38never drops

00:48:39below 31 degrees,

00:48:41even when the air temperature

00:48:42approaches 60.

00:48:45Dark skin helps

00:48:46accumulate heat,

00:48:48while light fur

00:48:49helps retain it.

00:48:51This is especially evident

00:48:53during hunting.

00:48:54Everyone knows

00:48:55that the bear

00:48:55covers its black nose

00:48:56with its paws

00:48:57so as not to give itself

00:48:59away to potential prey.

00:49:00Against the background

00:49:01of the snow-white snow,

00:49:03it also sneaks up

00:49:04on its prey

00:49:05by crawling

00:49:05along the ground.

00:49:07In addition,

00:49:08the polar bear

00:49:09can sit for hours

00:49:09by a crack in the glacier,

00:49:11from where the smell

00:49:12of seals comes.

00:49:14Waterfowl are also

00:49:15not a problem for it.

00:49:17It sneaks up

00:49:18on them from behind.

00:49:19Coming out

00:49:20of the depths

00:49:21of the ocean,

00:49:22Medvedi can swim

00:49:23for several days

00:49:24in the cold waters

00:49:25of the Arctic Ocean

00:49:26without stopping

00:49:27to rest.

00:49:28They can also

00:49:29stay on ice flows

00:49:31like surfers.

00:49:32By the way,

00:49:33the polar bear

00:49:34has webbed feet

00:49:35that help it swim,

00:49:36and its fur

00:49:37is covered

00:49:37with a thick layer

00:49:38of fat.

00:49:39Thus,

00:49:40frost and cold

00:49:41cannot reach its skin,

00:49:42and water

00:49:43does not penetrate

00:49:44its fur.

00:49:45Polar bears spend

00:49:46only a few days

00:49:47a year on reproduction.

00:49:49After that,

00:49:50the female goes

00:49:51to give birth,

00:49:51and the male goes off

00:49:53in search of food.

00:49:54If they meet

00:49:55after a long time,

00:49:56they always recognize

00:49:57each other

00:49:58and can joyfully

00:49:59play together

00:49:59like children.

00:50:01However,

00:50:02in general,

00:50:03polar bears lead

00:50:04a solitary lifestyle.

00:50:06Nevertheless,

00:50:06they don't mind

00:50:07eating together

00:50:08if there's plenty

00:50:09of food.

00:50:10The polar bear

00:50:11is almost always

00:50:12in energy-saving mode.

00:50:15It moves slowly

00:50:16in search of food,

00:50:18but it will never

00:50:19actively chase after it.

00:50:21Although it is capable

00:50:22of reaching

00:50:23impressive speeds,

00:50:24exceeding the limit

00:50:25leads to overheating,

00:50:26which is disadvantageous

00:50:27for the bear.

00:50:29When hunting,

00:50:30it prefers sudden

00:50:31attacks and patient

00:50:32waiting,

00:50:32but unfortunately,

00:50:34this rarely brings

00:50:35results.

00:50:36Even if the seal

00:50:37falls under the ice,

00:50:38the bear will not

00:50:39pursue it.

00:50:40Although this is

00:50:42also a bear,

00:50:43the polar bear

00:50:44does not hibernate.

00:50:45Only pregnant females

00:50:47can sleep and lower

00:50:48their metabolism,

00:50:49and even this

00:50:50does not always happen.

00:50:52In most cases,

00:50:53polar bears maintain

00:50:54a normal sleep

00:50:55and wake cycle

00:50:56both in winter

00:50:57and in summer.

00:50:59After hunting,

00:51:00the bear returns

00:51:01to its den,

00:51:02which has several

00:51:03adjoining chambers,

00:51:04and lies down to rest,

00:51:05covering the only part

00:51:06of its body

00:51:07that emits heat,

00:51:08its nose,

00:51:09with its paws.

00:51:10The female can delay

00:51:12the development

00:51:13of the embryo,

00:51:14and the fetus

00:51:15simply pauses its growth

00:51:17while the mother

00:51:18accumulates fat.

00:51:19Over a two-month period,

00:51:21the future mother

00:51:22doubles her weight.

00:51:24Only after this

00:51:26does she allow

00:51:26the fertilized egg

00:51:28to continue

00:51:28its development.

00:51:29Despite having

00:51:30such reserves,

00:51:32the cubs of the polar bear

00:51:33mother are born

00:51:34about the size

00:51:35of a rat.

00:51:35The excess weight

00:51:37is then used

00:51:38to provide the milk

00:51:39with nutrients.

00:51:41The giant panda

00:51:42is also a bear,

00:51:43but it wasn't always

00:51:44classified as such.

00:51:46Zoologists

00:51:47couldn't determine

00:51:48the panda's feces

00:51:48for a long time.

00:51:50Sometimes it was

00:51:51classified as a raccoon,

00:51:52sometimes as a raccoon-like

00:51:54animal,

00:51:55and sometimes even

00:51:56placed in a separate

00:51:57species based on

00:51:58features of its skeleton,

00:51:59behavior,

00:52:00or the structure

00:52:01of its genitals.

00:52:03The panda was known

00:52:04by various names

00:52:05among people,

00:52:06such as the big striped

00:52:07raccoon or the silver dog.

00:52:09It was only in the 70s,

00:52:11thanks to DNA analysis,

00:52:13that it became clear

00:52:14the panda actually

00:52:16belongs to the bear family.

00:52:17In addition to the giant panda

00:52:19with its black and white

00:52:20coloring,

00:52:20there are also brown ones.

00:52:22They live only in the

00:52:24Chinling Mountains of China,

00:52:25and there are only

00:52:26about 300 of them.

00:52:28Besides,

00:52:29they are smaller in size

00:52:30than their black and white

00:52:31relatives.

00:52:32What is the most well-known

00:52:33thing we know about pandas?

00:52:35The first thing that comes

00:52:36to mind is that

00:52:37they eat bamboo.

00:52:38The catch is that

00:52:39these animals only digest

00:52:41about 17% of the bamboo.

00:52:43So why do they eat it then?

00:52:46Scientists agree on

00:52:47this version.

00:52:48About 20,000 years ago,

00:52:49pandas switched to

00:52:51a plant-based diet.

00:52:52And now,

00:52:53almost their entire diet

00:52:54consists of bamboo.

00:52:56However,

00:52:57this time was not enough

00:52:58for their bodies to learn

00:53:00how to effectively

00:53:01digest cellulose.

00:53:03As a result,

00:53:04pandas absorb only

00:53:0517% of the bamboo

00:53:06they eat,

00:53:07so they have to consume

00:53:08up to 20 kilograms

00:53:09of this plant

00:53:10per day.

00:53:11At the same time,

00:53:13pandas have a unique

00:53:14anatomical feature

00:53:15that helps them

00:53:16easily hold bamboo,

00:53:17the so-called sixth finger,

00:53:19which is formed

00:53:20from a wrist bone.

00:53:21And on the soles

00:53:23and at the base

00:53:23of each finger,

00:53:25pandas have bare pads

00:53:26that also make it easier

00:53:28to hold the smooth

00:53:29bamboo stems.

00:53:30Despite the fact

00:53:31that in the forests

00:53:32where pandas live,

00:53:33you can find

00:53:34many other animals,

00:53:35such as frogs,

00:53:36mice,

00:53:37moles,

00:53:38snakes,

00:53:39turtles,

00:53:39and fish.

00:53:40These vegetarian bears

00:53:41don't hunt them,

00:53:42but instead focus

00:53:43all their attention

00:53:44on vegetation,

00:53:45which they can't

00:53:46fully digest.

00:53:47Scientists suggest

00:53:49that pandas

00:53:49lost the competition

00:53:51for meat

00:53:51to other predators

00:53:52and bears

00:53:53and turned to

00:53:54eating bamboo instead.

00:53:55The modern Chinese

00:53:56name for the panda,

00:53:58Xiong Mao,

00:53:59strictly speaking,

00:54:00means big bear cat.

00:54:02In Taiwan,

00:54:03pandas are called,

00:54:04conversely,

00:54:06cat bear maoxin.

00:54:08Worldwide fame

00:54:09came to the panda

00:54:10after,

00:54:11in 1936,

00:54:12zoologist

00:54:13Ruth Harkness

00:54:14brought the first

00:54:15panda cub

00:54:16to the United States.

00:54:17Three-month-old

00:54:18Sue Lin

00:54:18was carried in her arms,

00:54:20not in a cage

00:54:21or on a leash.

00:54:22The panda

00:54:23was settled

00:54:23in the Chicago Zoo,

00:54:25where she became

00:54:26the center

00:54:26of everyone's attention.

00:54:28The media

00:54:28actively covered

00:54:29the appearance

00:54:30of the black

00:54:30and white cub,

00:54:31but unfortunately,

00:54:33after two years,

00:54:34it died of pneumonia.

00:54:35Most Chinese people

00:54:37feel a deep

00:54:37attachment to pandas,

00:54:39considering them

00:54:40a national treasure.

00:54:41When bears

00:54:42in one of the reserves

00:54:43developed demoticosis,

00:54:45Chinese people

00:54:46on the internet

00:54:46sharply criticized

00:54:47the scientists,

00:54:49accusing them

00:54:49of mistreating

00:54:50the animals.

00:54:51In 2017,

00:54:53an exhibition

00:54:54of a stuffed panda

00:54:55in Dolyan

00:54:56also sparked

00:54:57a wave of condemnation

00:54:58for being unethical.

00:55:00The authorities

00:55:00of Sichuan province

00:55:01even planned

00:55:02to relocate

00:55:03200,000 residents

00:55:04in order to create

00:55:05a large reserve

00:55:06for pandas.

00:55:07In 1995,

00:55:09a Chinese villager

00:55:10was sentenced

00:55:11to life imprisonment

00:55:12for shooting a panda.

00:55:14A year later,

00:55:15two men

00:55:16were sentenced

00:55:16to death

00:55:17for attempting

00:55:17to smuggle

00:55:18a panda skin

00:55:19and a golden given

00:55:20out of China.

00:55:21Since 1997,

00:55:23the punishment

00:55:24for killing a panda

00:55:25has been 20 years

00:55:26in prison.

00:55:27The panda

00:55:28is also the most

00:55:29recognizable symbol

00:55:30of China

00:55:31outside the country.

00:55:32In 2015,

00:55:34the Beijing Institute

00:55:35of Cultural Innovation

00:55:36and Communication

00:55:37conducted a survey

00:55:38among 2,500

00:55:39foreign respondents.

00:55:41In it,

00:55:42the panda

00:55:43took first place

00:55:43in the ranking,

00:55:44ahead of green tea

00:55:45and the concept

00:55:46of yin yang,

00:55:47which took

00:55:48the other spots

00:55:49in the top three.

00:55:50Some people believe

00:55:51that the panda

00:55:52embodies yin yang

00:55:53thanks to the combination

00:55:54of black and white colors.

00:55:56The panda received

00:55:57the status

00:55:58of a symbol of China

00:55:59relatively recently

00:56:00for several reasons.

00:56:01First of all,

00:56:02it is an endemic species,

00:56:04living exclusively

00:56:05on the territory

00:56:06of the People's

00:56:06Republic of China.

00:56:07In addition,

00:56:08the panda

00:56:09is perceived

00:56:09as a friendly

00:56:10and peaceful animal,

00:56:11which makes it

00:56:12especially beloved

00:56:13in China.

00:56:14In 1985,

00:56:16the panda

00:56:16was officially declared

00:56:18a national treasure

00:56:19and its image

00:56:20began to appear

00:56:21on souvenir coins.

00:56:23Another unusual fact,

00:56:26pandas in the wild

00:56:27are counted

00:56:28by their feces.

00:56:29Researchers wander

00:56:31through bamboo forests

00:56:32looking for dung

00:56:33that contains

00:56:34undigested bamboo.

00:56:36Animals are identified

00:56:37by their tooth marks,

00:56:39which are unique

00:56:40like fingerprints.

00:56:41As often happens

00:56:42on the internet,

00:56:43someone posted news

00:56:45that a Chinese

00:56:45research institute

00:56:46was looking

00:56:47for a professional

00:56:48panda hugger

00:56:49with a salary

00:56:50of $32,000 a year.

00:56:52The media immediately

00:56:54picked up this news

00:56:55and users all over

00:56:56the world

00:56:57started writing

00:56:57about how they would

00:56:58love to drop everything

00:56:59and move to China,

00:57:01hugging pandas.

00:57:02The nuance

00:57:03is that this kind

00:57:04of job

00:57:05is only suitable

00:57:06for panda cubs.

00:57:07And even then,

00:57:09hugging is just

00:57:09a small part

00:57:10of the real work

00:57:11of caring for the animals.

00:57:13Despite their

00:57:13peaceful image,

00:57:15pandas are by nature

00:57:16still aggressive bears

00:57:17with fangs,

00:57:19sharp claws,

00:57:20powerful jaws,

00:57:22and well-developed muscles.

00:57:23In the wild,

00:57:25pandas with torn ears

00:57:26and bite wounds

00:57:27are often encountered.

00:57:28In 2007,

00:57:31when a panda

00:57:31raised in captivity

00:57:32was released

00:57:33into the wild

00:57:34for the first time,

00:57:35it died in a fight

00:57:36with other males.

00:57:38Attacks on people

00:57:39are rare,

00:57:40but they still happen.

00:57:42Zoo and research

00:57:43center staff

00:57:44avoid contact

00:57:45with adult pandas,

00:57:46preferring not

00:57:48to take risks.

00:57:49Their work

00:57:50is often limited

00:57:50to caring for panda cubs

00:57:52and playing with them,

00:57:54since adult giant pandas

00:57:55are too dangerous

00:57:56for such interactions.

00:57:58It's very illustrative

00:58:00in this regard

00:58:01to look at

00:58:01the evolutionary paradox,

00:58:03at this contrast

00:58:04between the panda

00:58:05and the polar bear

00:58:06we already know.

00:58:08It is believed

00:58:09that the ancestors

00:58:09of pandas

00:58:10split off

00:58:11from the main bear

00:58:12family tree

00:58:1219 million years ago,

00:58:15and bears themselves

00:58:16appeared

00:58:17as a separate branch

00:58:18more than

00:58:1937 million years ago.

00:58:21But back then,

00:58:22they were badger-sized,

00:58:23and their diets

00:58:24were similar to raccoons.

00:58:25And these raccoons

00:58:27managed to grow

00:58:28into such specimens.

00:58:30Just look at this

00:58:31prehistoric giant,

00:58:33Arctodus simus.

00:58:34It weighed over a ton

00:58:36and could reach

00:58:37four meters tall

00:58:38on its hind legs.

00:58:40From North America,

00:58:42bears began to spread out

00:58:43to avoid competing

00:58:44for resources

00:58:44with other bears.

00:58:46Naturally,

00:58:47animals didn't possess

00:58:48a plan as dependable

00:58:49as a Swiss watch.

00:58:51They wandered,

00:58:52searched for food,

00:58:53and if a niche

00:58:54was relatively free,

00:58:55they occupied it.

00:58:56That's how the future pandas

00:58:58came to the present

00:58:59tropical zone of China.

00:59:01And there was bamboo.

00:59:03Bamboo grows

00:59:04very densely

00:59:05and quickly.

00:59:06Essentially,

00:59:07it's a typical

00:59:08aggressive plant.

00:59:09It literally transforms

00:59:11the land around it

00:59:12strictly for its own kind.

00:59:14And almost no other tree

00:59:16can survive

00:59:16in such a forest.

00:59:18It seems tropical,

00:59:19but there's a scarcity

00:59:20of fruit.

00:59:21As a result,

00:59:22there's a lot of

00:59:23low-calorie food,

00:59:24which the bear

00:59:25eventually adapted to

00:59:26over time.

00:59:27The panda's digestion

00:59:28isn't like a long

00:59:29herbivore intestine,

00:59:31but rather short,

00:59:32like that of a predator.

00:59:33Pandas are saved

00:59:34by bacteria

00:59:35that digest cellulose.

00:59:37The problem with bacteria

00:59:38is so critical

00:59:39that,

00:59:40to introduce microbes

00:59:41into the intestines

00:59:42of newborn pandas,

00:59:43their mothers allow them

00:59:44to eat their own feces.

00:59:46Basically,

00:59:47the panda accidentally

00:59:48dabbled in veganism

00:59:49and became an involuntary herbivore.

00:59:51And now let's look

00:59:52at the polar bear

00:59:53for contrast.

00:59:54Because it's a bear

00:59:55from the same evolutionary tree

00:59:57as the panda,

00:59:58also a predator

01:00:00whose genetics

01:00:00are designed

01:00:01for digesting

01:00:02animal protein.

01:00:03About 4,200,000 years ago,

01:00:06the ancestors

01:00:07of brown bears

01:00:08branched off

01:00:09into a separate line.

01:00:10Then,

01:00:11highly successful,

01:00:12evolutionarily omnivorous

01:00:13brown bears emerged.

01:00:15And from them,

01:00:16polar bears

01:00:17gradually branched off.

01:00:19Animals that found themselves

01:00:20in the conditions

01:00:21of snow and polar night

01:00:22began to survive.

01:00:24According to the principle

01:00:25that whoever can digest meat better

01:00:27and get by

01:00:28without nuts and berries

01:00:29will leave offspring.

01:00:31As a result,

01:00:32hundreds of thousands

01:00:33of years ago,

01:00:34the polar bear

01:00:35began to differ so much

01:00:36from the brown bear subspecies.

01:00:38In fact,

01:00:39during periods

01:00:39of warming and cooling,

01:00:41polar bears

01:00:41and brown bears

01:00:42can quite well

01:00:43form families together.

01:00:44So,

01:00:45there is no gap

01:00:46in genetics.

01:00:47It's more about

01:00:48food niches

01:00:49and opportunities.

01:00:50Just look at this beauty.

01:00:52This is an interspecies hybrid

01:00:54of a brown bear

01:00:55and a polar bear,

01:00:56recorded both in captivity

01:00:57and in the wild.

01:00:59Polar bears

01:00:59are the only predators

01:01:01in the world

01:01:01that are both marine

01:01:02and terrestrial

01:01:04at the same time.

01:01:05They are capable

01:01:06of swimming

01:01:06for five to seven days,

01:01:08covering hundreds

01:01:09of kilometers

01:01:10in near-freezing water

01:01:11due to its salinity.

01:01:12and after hundreds

01:01:14more kilometers,

01:01:15they can briskly

01:01:16walk on land.

01:01:17No one else

01:01:18in the world

01:01:18is able to use

01:01:19their body like that.

01:01:21None of the other bears

01:01:22are able to swim

01:01:23for so long

01:01:23in polar waters,

01:01:25let alone hunt seals

01:01:26so skillfully.

01:01:28Just look.

01:01:28Here he shoots out

01:01:30onto the ice flow

01:01:31like a torpedo.

01:01:32And not even

01:01:33his native element

01:01:34can save the seal

01:01:35because the polar bear

01:01:36pursues and catches

01:01:37its prey underwater,

01:01:38having caught the seal.

01:01:40They eat not the meat,

01:01:41but first and foremost,

01:01:43the fat and the skin.

01:01:45But young bears,

01:01:46on the contrary,

01:01:47go for the meat,

01:01:48which is easier

01:01:49to digest.

01:01:50Another important part

01:01:52of the polar bear's diet

01:01:53is dead whales.

01:01:55That's a lot of meat

01:01:56and fat.

01:01:58And there are quite a few

01:01:59who want to get

01:02:00such a treasure as well.

01:02:02Usually between 40

01:02:03and 60 bears

01:02:04come to a whale carcass.

01:02:06And in 2017,

01:02:08more than 180 bears

01:02:10came to feed

01:02:11on a single dead

01:02:12Greenland whale.

01:02:14Recently,

01:02:15an article was published

01:02:16in a scientific journal

01:02:17stating that it was

01:02:18precisely the presence

01:02:19of dead whales

01:02:20that allowed the polar bear

01:02:21to survive

01:02:22during past interglacial periods

01:02:24when the small amount

01:02:25of ice did not favor

01:02:26successful seal hunting.

01:02:28Thanks to their powerful

01:02:29protein and fat diet,

01:02:31polar bears,

01:02:32except for pregnant females,

01:02:33are active all year round.

01:02:35They are capable

01:02:36of eating carrion,

01:02:37including their own kind,

01:02:38hunting musk oxen,

01:02:40reindeer,

01:02:41bear cubs,

01:02:42and even climbing steep cliffs

01:02:44for bird eggs.

01:02:45It seems that compared to them,

01:02:47pandas are just like

01:02:48some kind of plush toys,

01:02:50which can even be born

01:02:51without the spots

01:02:52around their eyes.

01:02:54And it looks a bit strange.

01:02:56However,

01:02:57it's still not worth

01:02:58underestimating the super vegans

01:02:59in the world of bears.

01:03:00Or you might end up

01:03:02as the subject of news stories

01:03:03like these.

01:03:04For example,

01:03:05in China,

01:03:05an enraged panda

01:03:07broke a man's both arms

01:03:08and injured his leg.

01:03:10As you can see,

01:03:11even if you anger

01:03:12a super vegan

01:03:12in the world of bears,

01:03:14you won't get off lightly.

01:03:16Extinct bears.

01:03:17The number of extinct bear species

01:03:19remains unclear,

01:03:21since the existence

01:03:22of one of them

01:03:23is in question.

01:03:24There is a small hope

01:03:26that the Tibetan bear

01:03:27is still alive,

01:03:28although no one

01:03:29has seen it

01:03:29or captured it on video

01:03:30for a long time.

01:03:32On the outside,

01:03:33this bear looks like

01:03:34a brown bear,

01:03:35but it has a pinkish

01:03:36front part of the body

01:03:38and almost black withers

01:03:39and reddish fur

01:03:40in the groin area.

01:03:42The back part of the body

01:03:43is covered with

01:03:44dark brown fur.

01:03:45The California grizzly bear

01:03:47is depicted

01:03:47on the flag of California.

01:03:49Although this species

01:03:50is not found

01:03:51in the state itself

01:03:52or beyond its borders,

01:03:54the last known individual

01:03:55of this species

01:03:56was killed in 1922.

01:03:59A distinctive feature

01:04:00of the California bear

01:04:01was its golden fur.

01:04:03For the local Indians,

01:04:05it was a totem animal.

01:04:06They believed

01:04:07they descended

01:04:07from the grizzly

01:04:08and therefore

01:04:09did not hunt it.

01:04:10However,

01:04:12the species

01:04:12was completely exterminated

01:04:14by white settlers.

01:04:15The Mexican grizzly

01:04:17The Mexican grizzly

01:04:18was officially

01:04:19declared extinct

01:04:20in the 1960s.

01:04:21It was a large animal,

01:04:23weighing about

01:04:24360 kilograms.

01:04:26Its distinctive features

01:04:28were light-colored claws

01:04:29on its front paws,

01:04:30small ears,

01:04:32and a high forehead.

01:04:33Etruscan bear

01:04:35This fossil species,

01:04:37known as

01:04:38the short-faced bear,

01:04:39lived back

01:04:40in the Pliocene,

01:04:41which ended

01:04:42two and a half

01:04:42million years ago.

01:04:44It had 13 pairs of ribs.

01:04:46Skeletons of Russian bears

01:04:48are found only

01:04:49in southern latitudes,

01:04:50which allows scientists

01:04:51to assume

01:04:52that this animal

01:04:53preferred a warm climate.

01:04:55It is known

01:04:56that it was quite large

01:04:57and weighed

01:04:57about 600 kilograms.

01:05:00The Atlas bear

01:05:01Kosolepi

01:05:02inhabited the territory

01:05:03from Morocco

01:05:04to Libya,

01:05:05and the last individual

01:05:07was killed

01:05:07by hunters

01:05:08in 1870.

01:05:10This animal

01:05:10was distinguished

01:05:11by reddish fur

01:05:12on the lower part

01:05:13of its body

01:05:14and dark brown

01:05:15on its back,

01:05:15and it had a white spot

01:05:17on its muzzle.

01:05:18Unlike most bears,

01:05:20the Atlas bear

01:05:21preferred desert

01:05:22and arid regions.

01:05:23The name of this species

01:05:25is connected

01:05:26to the mountain range

01:05:27where it lived.

01:05:29Zoologists classify

01:05:30the Atlas bear

01:05:31as a subspecies

01:05:32of the brown bear.

01:05:33Well,

01:05:34that's probably all.

01:05:35We hope that this hour

01:05:37spent with us

01:05:37was interesting

01:05:38and flew by unnoticed.

01:05:40Thank you for watching

01:05:42and see you in future films

01:05:44on our channel.

01:05:46Subtitles created by...

Bears: What We Don't Know About Them - From Pandas to Grizzlies

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