Before Stonewall – Full Movie (1984)

Name: Before Stonewall – Full Movie (1984)
Uploaded: 2026-10-12T14:39:44+00:00
Duration: 1 h 27 min 17 s
Channel: OxSeriesss
Description: Watch Before Stonewall on Dailymotion (1984).

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Watch Before Stonewall on Dailymotion (1984).

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00:00:00...

00:00:30Sgt. McGee, the stage manager of this troupe, I order you to report to Wardrobe.

00:00:34For assignment, the ladies of the chorus.

00:00:37What?

00:00:38Oh, now we're in the chorus,

00:00:43Messed up in girdles that squeeze.

00:00:46We're here to romance with,

00:00:50To sing and to dance with,

00:00:54A bunch of dirty guys like these.

00:00:57Teddy, tell me how you feel about Pioneer Square today as compared, say, to 20 years ago.

00:01:02Being able to walk through it dressed this way.

00:01:05I think it's a miracle, but part of my mind doesn't believe it.

00:01:08Why is that?

00:01:09I still keep expecting shit to hit the fan.

00:01:16The bar patrons who rioted in Greenwich Village after a routine police raid on a gay bar,

00:01:21The Stonewall Inn in June of 1969,

00:01:24Could not have known that their wild insurrection would enter history as the birthday of the gay liberation movement.

00:01:31Gay is proud!

00:01:34Gay is proud!

00:01:35Today, the lesbian and gay community is a highly visible aspect of American society.

00:01:40Gay is love!

00:01:42Gay is love!

00:01:43How did this come about?

00:01:45By focusing on the unconventional behavior and the often lonely rebellion of those homosexuals who lived before Stonewall,

00:01:52We can begin to understand how the gay community evolved.

00:02:10I felt like I was the only one until I left home.

00:02:14Home was in North Carolina.

00:02:16I was brought up on a farm.

00:02:17I knew enough not to talk about it.

00:02:20I knew enough to hide.

00:02:22Where I grew up, in Iowa, nobody knew anything about sexuality.

00:02:26Then there was no sex education in the high schools.

00:02:29Just the misinformation that kids bandy about, that's all.

00:02:34And the answer to what I knew about sexuality was nothing.

00:02:38I'd never heard the word lesbian.

00:02:40My mother would not talk about it at all.

00:02:43Nothing about sexuality.

00:02:45One of my friend's father was a doctor.

00:02:47And she used to sneak his medical books out.

00:02:50And we'd look at his medical books and read terms and find out things through those.

00:02:54But none of us knew very much.

00:02:57I held the belief that young women fell in love with horses and men fell in love with one another.

00:03:06Homosexuality has always been a dirty word.

00:03:09I cannot remember, in my 70-some years, the time when it wasn't a dirty word.

00:03:19But on the other hand, homosexuality, the practice of it, was not a dirty thing.

00:03:27I had a decided advantage when I was very young in the fact that I had an aunt, Kate, and

00:03:33an uncle, Vince, who were both gay.

00:03:36They approved of everything I did and encouraged me.

00:03:40And my father hated them because they didn't get married.

00:03:44See, nobody knew much about the gay life because outside of the cowboys, and that was natural to them.

00:03:54It's never been brought out, but they were definitely gay because they had to have sex.

00:04:00If they didn't have sex with the others, they had it with animals.

00:04:03He was only a lavender cowboy, the hairs on his chest number two.

00:04:13But he longed to follow the hero and fight like the he-men do.

00:04:22But he was inwardly troubled By a dream that gave him no rest

00:04:32That he'd go with the heroes in action With only two hairs on his toe

00:04:44For most people who were attracted to members of their own sex, denial of these feelings was their only choice.

00:04:52Getting caught often resulted in ruined lives, imprisonment, commitment to institutions, or suicide.

00:05:00My mother was told that I was living a lesbian life with Valerie.

00:05:06All she had to say was I was living a lesbian life, and that was grounds to have you committed

00:05:11to an insane asylum without any hearing, especially.

00:05:16At least I was picked up off the street on a Friday, thrown in the police car.

00:05:22They came to Val's, to the apartment house, and Val knew about it.

00:05:25They knew that they were, she knew they were out there on the street looking for me, so she came

00:05:29and found me first and warned me.

00:05:31But I never got to the apartment. They took me right from the street and put me down into the

00:05:36cycle ward at General Hospital.

00:05:38When I come out, we didn't have the word gay. The word for us is temperamental.

00:05:43So we're temperamental with that way, this is about all they had for us. This is about all we had

00:05:48for ourselves.

00:05:49We didn't call it, we did it.

00:05:51What you call now in the life, then you're just sweethearts.

00:05:57Wasn't no particular name. You know you like the woman, and you just like the woman.

00:06:02The first time that I liked a girl, no more than about 14 years old.

00:06:10Sometimes you would look into a person's eyes, he would look into your eyes, and all of a sudden you'd

00:06:14know through the eyes.

00:06:15You knew each other by a red necktie. It was very daring to wear a hanky that matched the tie.

00:06:23The moment you saw that, no matter what the color was, you figured that there was a brother there.

00:06:27After you had cruised each other by chasing each other back and forth from looking in the same window at

00:06:32the same thing for quite a while,

00:06:34you might ask the person, do you have a match, or can you tell me the time?

00:06:37These were the little things that we would be using in the 20s, and we were still using them in

00:06:41the 30s, I might add.

00:06:43That whole society would have been known as the gay society, or the gay world, or the world of the

00:06:48demi-monde, the world of the twilight, the world of night.

00:06:51And so all the people who had to deal with that area were always considered people that were totally disrespectful,

00:06:58and therefore of very questionable morals.

00:07:02And this would be the world of dance, this is the world of the artists, this is the world of

00:07:06the people who flitted around in the parks and the forests at night,

00:07:09the Bois de Boulogne, for example, or Hyde Park in London, or along the rivers, both the Thames and the

00:07:15Seine.

00:07:17The people who would be out at night wandering around loose without going specifically from one place to another were

00:07:24obviously there for no good purpose.

00:07:27And so this is known as the world of the demi-monde, this is the twilight world as it was

00:07:31known in the earliest 20th century,

00:07:32and it is the world of the gay people.

00:07:34And the gay therefore covers all of these people, it covers prostitutes, it covers ladies of doubtful virtue, gentlemen of

00:07:41doubtful virtue, all those unsavory characters.

00:07:57The 1920s, a time of economic prosperity, prohibition and speakeasies,

00:08:02saw an increase in the population of America's cities.

00:08:06While most homosexuals continued to live in isolation and secrecy, a few began to gather in bohemian neighborhoods,

00:08:13such as San Francisco's Barbary Coast, New Orleans' French Quarter, New York's Harlem and Greenwich Village,

00:08:21where freer social norms allowed the beginnings of a homosexual underground.

00:08:26The main thought behind the thing was to break the law and live as wild as you could.

00:08:33And everybody did, because the speakeasies were all over the town.

00:08:38Even the old residences, some of them had speakeasies in the basement.

00:08:43Now a lot of people write about prohibition, but they don't bring out the fact that everybody was breaking the

00:08:50law because it was a thing to do.

00:08:52Rent parties were given. You would pay maybe 50 cents or a dollar.

00:08:57That entitled you to saltine crackers with a piece of salami.

00:09:02And then they would have bathtub gin, which meant that in their bathtubs they put a gallon of alcohol,

00:09:08and it was paid with a lot of ice to paralyze your sense of taste.

00:09:13And it was colored with grenadine to make it pink.

00:09:15These were gay parties that we went to. Often, after the parties that we would go home with, people would

00:09:22chance to meet there.

00:09:23New York is a kind of a place that everybody comes to.

00:09:28Harlem was a mecca for black people, and so blacks came.

00:09:34And since blacks come from everywhere, just like everybody else comes from everywhere,

00:09:39the only difference was that blacks had a specific place to go to, and that was Harlem.

00:09:45And we had lots of clubs, lots of bars.

00:09:50Well, my favorite one was the Garden of Joy up on a hill, I think 32nd Street.

00:09:57It's where the church is now, Clayton Palace Church.

00:10:03Abyssinia?

00:10:04Abyssinia, yeah. That was a hill.

00:10:07And you had a beautiful time up there. Oh, girl, you had some time up there.

00:10:25You see, those places were not gay, but they were open. The whole atmosphere was open.

00:10:32It was almost impossible not to know everybody that happened to pass through Harlem at that time.

00:10:38Black, white, grizzled, and gray. It doesn't make any difference.

00:10:42Harlem's more exclusive clubs, featuring black performers, catered to white tourists.

00:10:48However, the more adventurous whites, among the many homosexuals, were welcome in black clubs

00:10:54and the freewheeling buffet flats.

00:10:58I think one of the great attractions in Harlem was to go to Gladys Bentley's little hideaway down in a

00:11:07basement,

00:11:08where she played a piano.

00:11:11Gladys Bentley was a very overt lesbian.

00:11:16I don't think I'd ever seen Gladys in a skirt in my life.

00:11:20She always wore pants and tuxedos.

00:11:24During her stint at the Clam House, she went off to Atlantic City and married her girlfriend.

00:11:29She went out last night with a crowd of my friends.

00:11:34There must have been women, cause I don't like no men.

00:11:38It's true, I wear a collar and a tie.

00:11:43Make the wind blow all the while.

00:11:47I thought you'd say I'd do it.

00:11:49Ain't nobody called me.

00:11:51They sure got to prove it on me.

00:11:56Well, I met quite a few singers.

00:11:59Mostly all of them.

00:12:00like After Waters and Smith and Hunter.

00:12:05Did you know if any of them were in the life?

00:12:07They were all in there.

00:12:08I wouldn't have been meeting them if they hadn't have been in there,

00:12:11because I wouldn't have bothered nobody that was.

00:12:14I wouldn't.

00:12:15I'd do more bothering with straight people now than I ever did in my life.

00:12:18I never went in with straight people, because when you do, you get yourself in trouble.

00:12:24Where are we going?

00:12:25Well, you said you wanted to go slumming, so I picked a place to eat in the village.

00:12:29Only wild poets and anarchists eat there.

00:12:32It's pretty tough.

00:12:33And go dashing up and down the hall.

00:12:36Da!

00:12:37Da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da,

00:12:42da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da.

00:12:44If a sailor in pajamas I should say, I know he'll scare the life off of me.

00:12:51And on a great big battleship you'd like to be, working a chambermaid as a la, da, da, da, da,

00:12:59da, da.

00:13:02C'est l'ancienne culture, l'ancienne culture, l'ancienne culture,

00:13:05qui existait dans les mondes carnivores, dans le noir, en Haarlem dans les 20s,

00:13:11en Time Square, certainement, en Berlin, le cabaret de Berlin,

00:13:14que nous voyons à lire dans les livres et dans les livres.

00:13:17C'est l'ancienne culture qui existait depuis les années primordial.

00:13:21L'ancienne culture était un crône de pression qui avançait pas d'inconvention des idées.

00:13:26Here, homosexuals, cast out of genteel society, found a comfortable world in which to create.

00:13:34Many of America's important thinkers emerged from this homosexual underground,

00:13:38including Romaine Brooks and Natalie Barnet, Langston Hughes, Margaret Anderson,

00:13:45Tennessee Williams, and Gertrude Stein.

00:13:48In the United States, between 1875 and 1940,

00:13:53there were more than 500 novels with lesbian content published.

00:13:58And, of course, with gay male literature, there's five times as much

00:14:01during the same period of time.

00:14:03Literally thousands of books.

00:14:04Oh, I had them all.

00:14:07And even to this day, all the books are mine.

00:14:11What did you tell me about your lesbian novels that you liked?

00:14:14Oh, well, first I'll start.

00:14:17You know how I started.

00:14:19The Well of Loneliness.

00:14:21From that on, everything came past.

00:14:25I read it.

00:14:26The 20s saw a wave of lesbian-themed books and plays

00:14:29like the best-selling The Well of Loneliness

00:14:32and the hit Broadway play The Captive.

00:14:35Both were declared obscene,

00:14:37and the ensuing censorship struggles

00:14:39made homosexuality a major topic of public discourse.

00:14:44Radcliffe Hall's appeal overturned the decision for publishers,

00:14:48but New York State outlawed overt references

00:14:51to homosexuality on the stage.

00:14:54Controversial plays like Lillian Hellman's The Children's Hour

00:14:58were tolerated as long as the word lesbian was not mentioned.

00:15:03In Hollywood, a film version of Oscar Wilde's Salome

00:15:07was produced with a purportedly all-gay cast.

00:15:10Oh, those fairies at the bottom of our garden.

00:15:14You cannot think how beautiful they are.

00:15:17They all stand up and sing when the fairy king and queen

00:15:20come lightly floating down upon their car.

00:15:24But the censorship forces eventually prevailed,

00:15:27and by 1935, the Motion Picture Code

00:15:31banned all references to homosexuality.

00:15:42The hard times of the 1930s

00:15:45led to political and social unrest.

00:15:47Riots broke out in Harlem.

00:15:49Unions fought pitched battles for recognition.

00:15:52Families disintegrated

00:15:54as men abandoned their wives and children

00:15:56in unprecedented numbers,

00:15:57and both the radical left and right

00:16:00swelled their ranks.

00:16:01These were times of the Great Depression,

00:16:04and there was much discrimination,

00:16:06much social discontent.

00:16:09In 1929, when I arrived in New York,

00:16:12I was invited to a small dinner party

00:16:14where Dr. Hirschfeld, the sexologist,

00:16:17who was the speaker that evening,

00:16:19and after dinner,

00:16:22he addressed the group telling of changes

00:16:24that were being brought about in Germany.

00:16:27He made quite an impact.

00:16:29He had worked so that men could dress as women

00:16:32if they wished,

00:16:33if they were properly identified.

00:16:36Regrettably, later, that boomerang,

00:16:39all these registered men

00:16:40were put in concentration camps with Jews.

00:16:46The rise of the Nazis obliterated

00:16:48the early homosexual and feminist movements

00:16:50in Germany

00:16:52and propelled the United States

00:16:54into a war that would dramatically alter

00:16:56the lives of American homosexuals.

00:16:59Well, it was a war on,

00:17:00and we were all very, very patriotic.

00:17:03When December 7th came,

00:17:05everybody was expected to do something.

00:17:08Since there was no one else,

00:17:09I felt that it was my duty

00:17:11to join the service.

00:17:13As soon as they began taking women

00:17:14into the army, I joined it.

00:17:16I can't say that I was such a patriot

00:17:18that I was glad to join.

00:17:20I did not want to get in there

00:17:21and get shot at.

00:17:22On the other hand,

00:17:24certainly World War II

00:17:25was something that really

00:17:26the country was behind,

00:17:27so that you had at least

00:17:28everybody behind you.

00:17:30They come from every walk of life.

00:17:33By the 100,000,

00:17:34they are assembling at camps

00:17:36and naval training stations.

00:17:38To these young men

00:17:39comes a radical change

00:17:40in their way of life

00:17:41as home ties are broken

00:17:43and families, friends,

00:17:45and sweethearts are left behind.

00:17:47Quickly, they adapt themselves

00:17:48to army and navy routine.

00:17:50Physical conditioning,

00:17:52discipline,

00:17:52military training

00:17:53with wholesome leisure time activity

00:17:55build the high morale

00:17:57which is essential

00:17:58to strong fighting men.

00:18:00My first assignment

00:18:02in the army

00:18:03was in the induction station

00:18:05in Fort Snelling

00:18:07which became instantly called

00:18:11the seduction station.

00:18:13And I found that all of the people

00:18:16I had known in the gay bars

00:18:17in Minneapolis and St. Paul

00:18:19were all officers

00:18:20who were running

00:18:21this seduction station.

00:18:23and when recruits

00:18:26would be lined up

00:18:27by the thousands

00:18:27as they would be

00:18:28each morning

00:18:29outside our windows,

00:18:31all of us would rush

00:18:32to the windows

00:18:33and look out

00:18:35and express great sorrow

00:18:37that all of these beautiful boys

00:18:39were going to be killed

00:18:41or maimed

00:18:42or something

00:18:42in the war.

00:18:44Well, one of the worst

00:18:45of the stereotypes

00:18:46when it's really a lie

00:18:47is that all homosexuals

00:18:49are effeminate

00:18:50and you're not really a man

00:18:51you're more like a girl.

00:18:53And so a lot of us

00:18:55at that time

00:18:56who were gay

00:18:58had to prove our manhood

00:18:59and so I joined

00:19:00the toughest

00:19:01most masculine

00:19:04military organization

00:19:05in the country

00:19:06and I was the Marine Corps.

00:19:08The Marine Corps builds men.

00:19:13I was very, very much aware

00:19:14that I was unathletic

00:19:16because I say

00:19:17I could not throw a ball

00:19:18I could not catch one

00:19:19basketball was my complete undoing

00:19:22because I would kick it

00:19:23when I dribbled

00:19:23and in such things

00:19:24as like trying to throw grenades

00:19:26it became more than obvious.

00:19:28I remember once

00:19:29in grenade practice

00:19:29it fell on my toe

00:19:30which was rather embarrassing.

00:19:33So I kind of reacted to that

00:19:35by being a company mascot

00:19:36or something

00:19:37the only thing I could do

00:19:38was laugh about it

00:19:39which I did

00:19:40and I was reasonably well liked.

00:19:42I found that there was

00:19:43a tolerance for lesbianism

00:19:45if they needed you.

00:19:46If you had a job to do

00:19:48that was a specialist

00:19:49kind of a job

00:19:50or if you were in a theater

00:19:52of operations

00:19:53where bodies were needed

00:19:55then they tolerated

00:19:57anything just about.

00:19:59The battalion that I was in

00:20:01was probably about

00:20:0397% lesbian.

00:20:05We were all over the place.

00:20:08and one day

00:20:08I got called into

00:20:09my commanding general's office

00:20:11and it happened to be

00:20:12Eisenhower at the time

00:20:15and he said

00:20:17it's come to my attention

00:20:18that there may be

00:20:20some lesbians

00:20:21in the WAC battalion.

00:20:23I'm giving you an order

00:20:24to ferret those lesbians out

00:20:26and we're going to get rid of them.

00:20:27And I looked at him

00:20:28and then I looked at

00:20:29his secretary

00:20:30who was standing next to me

00:20:31and I said

00:20:32well sir

00:20:33if the general pleases

00:20:37sir

00:20:38I'll be happy

00:20:39to do this

00:20:39this investigation

00:20:40for you

00:20:41but you have to know

00:20:42that the first name

00:20:43on the list

00:20:43will be mine.

00:20:46And he

00:20:48kind of

00:20:48was taken aback

00:20:50a bit

00:20:50and then this woman

00:20:51standing next to me

00:20:52said

00:20:53sir

00:20:53if the general pleases

00:20:54you must be aware

00:20:56that

00:20:57sergeant Phelps's name

00:20:58may be second

00:20:59but mine will be first.

00:21:02And then I looked at him

00:21:04and I said

00:21:04sir

00:21:07you're right

00:21:08there are lesbians

00:21:09in the WAC battalion

00:21:11and if the general

00:21:12is prepared

00:21:12to replace

00:21:13all the file clerks

00:21:14all the section commanders

00:21:16all of the drivers

00:21:17every woman

00:21:19in the WAC detachment

00:21:20and there were

00:21:20about 980

00:21:22something of us

00:21:23then I'll be happy

00:21:24to make that list

00:21:25but I think the general

00:21:26should be aware

00:21:27that among those women

00:21:29are the most highly

00:21:30decorated women

00:21:31in the war

00:21:33there have been

00:21:34no cases

00:21:35of illegal pregnancies

00:21:36there have been

00:21:37no cases

00:21:38of AWL

00:21:39there have been

00:21:40no cases

00:21:41of misconduct

00:21:42and as a matter of fact

00:21:43every six months

00:21:45since we've been here

00:21:45sir

00:21:46the general

00:21:46has awarded us

00:21:47a commendation

00:21:48for meritorious service

00:21:51and he said

00:21:52forget the order

00:21:55it was a good battalion

00:21:56to be in

00:21:58at that time

00:22:00men were not allowed

00:22:01to show affection

00:22:02to each other

00:22:03at least not

00:22:04to the point

00:22:04of touching

00:22:05except maybe

00:22:06you know

00:22:06the hand on the shoulder

00:22:07or the kind of

00:22:09boisterous excesses

00:22:10that men go into

00:22:11when they're getting

00:22:12a little intoxicated

00:22:13I certainly felt

00:22:14something very strong

00:22:15there was a certain

00:22:16amount of affection

00:22:16but it was a very

00:22:17butch kind of affection

00:22:18there's no way

00:22:19in the world

00:22:19that they would have

00:22:20defined this as being

00:22:21gay activity

00:22:23and I couldn't either

00:22:24of course

00:22:25when you're actually

00:22:26in combat

00:22:26the whole focus

00:22:28is on living

00:22:29and the raw

00:22:30nerve edge

00:22:30of everything

00:22:33most of your life

00:22:34is reflex action

00:22:35but more intense

00:22:38expression of feelings

00:22:39were permitted then

00:22:40and I'd gone out

00:22:42with two rather

00:22:43close friends

00:22:44we were maybe

00:22:45three miles

00:22:45from the front lines

00:22:47and it was a little

00:22:48town in Germany

00:22:50we'd had a lot

00:22:51of casualties

00:22:53and I went out

00:22:54and we got very drunk

00:22:55and coming back

00:22:58Mertz and I

00:22:58started kind of

00:22:59playing with each other

00:23:00I remember it was

00:23:01on a bridge

00:23:04and we actually

00:23:05kind of had sex

00:23:06I mean it was

00:23:07with Smitty

00:23:08the third person

00:23:09over there

00:23:09oh come on guys

00:23:10you're drunk

00:23:10you know

00:23:11stop it

00:23:11all of those things

00:23:12but the traumatic

00:23:14thing about it

00:23:14is that both of those

00:23:15guys were dead

00:23:16in three days

00:23:17Smitty had been hit

00:23:18in a

00:23:19with a sniper

00:23:20in a foxhole

00:23:22right next to mine

00:23:23and Mertz had gotten

00:23:25some artillery

00:23:26right in his stomach

00:23:26and all of this

00:23:27within a week

00:23:28of having had

00:23:29this experience

00:23:33while the war

00:23:34raged on

00:23:34radical social changes

00:23:36were seen

00:23:37on the home front

00:23:37as the workforce

00:23:39swelled with women

00:23:40lesbians gained

00:23:41economic independence

00:23:42hundreds of

00:23:44homosexual bars

00:23:45sprung up

00:23:45as gay military

00:23:46personnel

00:23:47flooded the port cities

00:23:48Dayton women

00:23:49are marching

00:23:50to war

00:23:50yes in every

00:23:52essential wartime

00:23:53activity

00:23:53in the factories

00:23:54out at the airfields

00:23:56Dayton women

00:23:57are helping to keep

00:23:57the wheels of industry

00:23:58turning

00:23:59it was World War II

00:24:00and everyone

00:24:01that didn't have

00:24:02a perforated eardrum

00:24:03or flat feet

00:24:04was off

00:24:05defending our country

00:24:07at some place

00:24:07or another

00:24:08so there were

00:24:09an awful lot

00:24:10of unmarried women

00:24:11engaged women

00:24:12single women

00:24:13all kinds of women

00:24:14and remember

00:24:15a lot of them

00:24:16had moved to the cities

00:24:17because that's where

00:24:18all these jobs were

00:24:19that needed to be filled

00:24:21well all the women

00:24:22were hired in the

00:24:22defense industries

00:24:23and they had to wear

00:24:24slacks

00:24:25and have short hair

00:24:26no skirts

00:24:27they were dangerous

00:24:27around machinery

00:24:28so it became common

00:24:30that when to and from work

00:24:31they were wearing

00:24:32slacks on the street

00:24:34but naturally

00:24:35they began to earn money

00:24:36and naturally

00:24:36they achieved

00:24:38some degree of independence

00:24:39they left the house

00:24:40or the home

00:24:41and for young women

00:24:42you could leave home

00:24:43without being pregnant

00:24:44you know

00:24:45it was the first time

00:24:46that anybody

00:24:47could really successfully

00:24:48do that

00:24:48the sheer matter

00:24:49of where to live

00:24:50presents a formidable

00:24:51problem in Dayton

00:24:53rooms, beds, floor space

00:24:55all jam-packed

00:24:57overflowing

00:24:57we was all bunched up

00:24:59together all the time

00:25:01most of the women

00:25:02that I met

00:25:03had husbands

00:25:04but they would go

00:25:05with women

00:25:06just the same

00:25:07they'd just come out

00:25:08a little more

00:25:09they did the same thing

00:25:10when the men was home

00:25:12but they wouldn't

00:25:13let nobody know it

00:25:14that's why I know

00:25:16one half of the world

00:25:17is queer

00:25:19gay

00:25:20one half of it

00:25:21and those that's

00:25:23fighting us

00:25:24who will admit

00:25:25the truth

00:25:26they're doing

00:25:27the same thing

00:25:29certainly it

00:25:30brought a lot

00:25:31more people

00:25:32from the hinterlands

00:25:34out into conditions

00:25:36where they weren't

00:25:37living in small towns

00:25:39where they were freer

00:25:41where they met

00:25:42other people

00:25:43where they got

00:25:44in male and female

00:25:45got into same-sex

00:25:47close relationships

00:25:49and developed

00:25:51friendships

00:25:52on the nights out

00:25:54groups of soldiers

00:25:55may go looking

00:25:56for women

00:25:58and end up

00:25:59finding one another

00:26:03I miss your voice

00:26:07and the touch

00:26:09of your hand

00:26:10my buddy

00:26:12my buddy

00:26:15your buddy

00:26:18misses me

00:26:24I got a gal

00:26:28in Kalamazoo

00:26:31don't want to boast

00:26:32but I know

00:26:33she's a toast

00:26:34of Kalamazoo

00:26:36zoo

00:26:37zoo

00:26:37years have gone by

00:26:39my

00:26:41my

00:26:41how she grew

00:26:43I liked her looks

00:26:45when I carried her books

00:26:47in Kalamazoo

00:26:48zoo

00:26:49zoo

00:26:55we met a lot of people

00:26:56we became aware

00:26:57of our own kind

00:26:58our own society

00:27:01congregated there

00:27:02and I think that had

00:27:03a lot to do

00:27:03with the increase

00:27:05in population

00:27:05for the gay community

00:27:07in those metropolitan areas

00:27:09certainly when I came out

00:27:10in San Francisco

00:27:11into the bars

00:27:12there were 20 or 30

00:27:14active bars

00:27:15that I found

00:27:15at any time

00:27:16although most of them

00:27:17were short-lived

00:27:19very few of them

00:27:20were gay owned

00:27:21or gay run

00:27:22but as long as they lasted

00:27:24they were packed

00:27:24the first club I went to

00:27:26was the Lakeshore Club

00:27:28which was primarily

00:27:30a lesbian club

00:27:31it was a place

00:27:33of course

00:27:34to meet

00:27:35and it was

00:27:36the first year

00:27:37I came out

00:27:38and so I was

00:27:39there a lot

00:27:40and there was a man

00:27:41on the door

00:27:41and you didn't get in

00:27:43unless you looked

00:27:44gay

00:27:44or they knew you

00:27:46or you were brought

00:27:47by somebody

00:27:48who was gay

00:27:49there were the

00:27:50gay girls clubs

00:27:51and the gay boys clubs

00:27:52but you were never

00:27:53kept out

00:27:54because you were

00:27:54either sex

00:27:55I guess

00:27:56I went to see

00:27:57Carol every place

00:27:58that he appeared

00:27:59wrote most of my material

00:28:04there's not anybody

00:28:04in this world

00:28:05can get me to say

00:28:06one word about her

00:28:07she's what she is

00:28:08and of course

00:28:08she'll never mend

00:28:09she's an intro

00:28:11ultra extrovert

00:28:12but so what

00:28:13she's my most

00:28:14intimate friend

00:28:15I know she's diseased

00:28:16I know she's insane

00:28:18I know she can only

00:28:19be appeased

00:28:20with a lash

00:28:20and champagne

00:28:21I know that

00:28:22Mr. Wellesley

00:28:23fired her

00:28:23for her actions

00:28:24with the girls

00:28:25and I know

00:28:26what inspired her

00:28:27to poison her mother

00:28:28she wanted the pearls

00:28:29I know all about

00:28:30the stallion

00:28:31that she left

00:28:31too weak to walk

00:28:32and I know about

00:28:33Miss Legallion

00:28:34though that was

00:28:35only talk

00:28:35in fact I know

00:28:36a lot of things

00:28:37that I could tell

00:28:38if I would

00:28:38but I gossip

00:28:39I never will end

00:28:40wild horses

00:28:41couldn't drag

00:28:41one word

00:28:42from my mouth

00:28:43after all

00:28:44she's my most

00:28:45intimate friend

00:28:49Carol Davis

00:28:50was a very important

00:28:52entertainer

00:28:53but you know

00:28:54entertainers

00:28:54are always

00:28:55a little bit

00:28:55like God

00:28:56you know

00:28:56they stand off

00:28:58a different light

00:28:59shines on them

00:29:01You must be ladies

00:29:03Don't worry

00:29:05Miss Howl

00:29:07Merrily we appear

00:29:09there on the scene

00:29:12hostess of the stage

00:29:13door canteen

00:29:15entertaining soldiers

00:29:17who are going off

00:29:18to war

00:29:19glad to be of service

00:29:20but we could do

00:29:21much more

00:29:22we could do more

00:29:24for the boys

00:29:26and greatly add

00:29:27to their joys

00:29:29but we don't get

00:29:30very far

00:29:31we take an oath

00:29:32when we enlist

00:29:33to never be found

00:29:35canoodling around

00:29:36with a soldier

00:29:40and of course

00:29:41they were all

00:29:42the famous

00:29:42drag queens

00:29:43rather than

00:29:44put them in

00:29:45the regular army

00:29:46out there in the

00:29:46trenches or whatever

00:29:47they put them

00:29:48in this drag show

00:29:49and they've traveled

00:29:50all over the United States

00:29:51and then they made a movie

00:29:52and it was all

00:29:53big hits

00:30:03in that sense

00:30:04they were out of the closet

00:30:05but of course

00:30:06nobody in the army

00:30:07or anything

00:30:07would ever hint

00:30:09that these men

00:30:10were gay men

00:30:11of course not

00:30:12they were just

00:30:13in a shell

00:30:14it just entertained

00:30:19the effect of world war ii

00:30:21was really

00:30:22truly profound

00:30:23our country

00:30:24will never again

00:30:25be what it was

00:30:26before that war

00:30:27because gay people

00:30:29began to recognize

00:30:30that there were others

00:30:31like themselves

00:30:32from other parts

00:30:32of the country

00:30:33even though we were

00:30:34totally closeted then

00:30:35at least there was

00:30:36a certain perception

00:30:37that we weren't

00:30:39at least geographically

00:30:40isolated

00:30:41Washington is jubilant

00:30:42and in Chicago

00:30:43more than a million

00:30:45sing and dance

00:30:46in the streets

00:30:46in the biggest celebration

00:30:48the windy city

00:30:49has ever seen

00:30:49joy is unconfined

00:30:56at the end of the war

00:30:57many of the lesbians

00:30:58and gay men

00:30:59who served their country

00:31:00settled in the port cities

00:31:03there they could be

00:31:04anonymous

00:31:04and distance themselves

00:31:05from their critical families

00:31:07but most important

00:31:08was the companionship

00:31:10they sought

00:31:10within america's

00:31:11growing urban

00:31:12gay population

00:31:13and what does he want

00:31:15most of all

00:31:17he wants a job

00:31:19a stake in the

00:31:21american future

00:31:22male veterans

00:31:23reclaimed their jobs

00:31:24and received economic

00:31:25and educational benefits

00:31:27under the gi bill

00:31:29but women were forced

00:31:31back into traditional roles

00:31:33losing the economic gains

00:31:34made during the war

00:31:37liberal ideas

00:31:38in the arts

00:31:38and sciences

00:31:39began to emerge

00:31:40against this backdrop

00:31:41of growing social

00:31:42conservatism

00:31:44there was

00:31:45a period of about

00:31:47two years

00:31:47following the war

00:31:48the first couple of years

00:31:49that i was in college

00:31:50where there was a big

00:31:52upsurge of liberalism

00:31:53now i can't necessarily

00:31:54tie this

00:31:56you know

00:31:56with the gay scene

00:31:57but there were

00:31:59oh the beginnings

00:32:00of kind of

00:32:00civil rights movements

00:32:02noises were being made

00:32:05in the 40s

00:32:06the bomb dropped

00:32:07in the 40s

00:32:08the entire planet

00:32:10was threatened

00:32:10biologically

00:32:11in the 40s

00:32:12there was a recovery

00:32:13from the total breakdown

00:32:14of all morality

00:32:16in the concentration camps

00:32:17for those of us

00:32:19who were homosexual

00:32:20it was suddenly

00:32:21the realization

00:32:21why are we being

00:32:22intimidated by a bunch

00:32:23of jerks

00:32:24who don't know

00:32:24anything about life

00:32:25who are they

00:32:26to tell us

00:32:26what we feel

00:32:27and how we're supposed

00:32:28to behave

00:32:28and why take

00:32:29all that bullshit

00:32:30and why not

00:32:31just sort of

00:32:31dish it back

00:32:32and start talking openly

00:32:39late at night

00:32:40at theaters

00:32:41that were

00:32:42off the beaten track

00:32:44most of the time

00:32:45the theater marquees

00:32:45were turned off

00:32:46and it was fairly dark

00:32:47out front

00:32:47and they showed

00:32:48these fairly scratchy

00:32:50black and white films

00:32:51on the screen

00:32:51that turned out

00:32:52to be Kenneth Anger films

00:32:54that did have

00:32:55gay overtones

00:32:56sometimes more

00:32:58than overtones

00:32:58and I guess

00:32:59they were the

00:33:00forerunners

00:33:01of what gay films

00:33:03turned out to be

00:33:09the old

00:33:10bohemian

00:33:11wide open mind

00:33:12tradition

00:33:13burst out

00:33:13through

00:33:14its bounds

00:33:15and went out

00:33:16into mass culture

00:33:16sometime in the late

00:33:18forties and early

00:33:18fifties

00:33:19liberation of the word

00:33:21included a number

00:33:22of books that may not

00:33:23be remembered now

00:33:24that were instrumental

00:33:25in opening up

00:33:26American sensibility

00:33:28among those books

00:33:30were Gore Vidal's

00:33:31City in the Pillar

00:33:33and Donald Corrie's

00:33:34the homosexual

00:33:35in America

00:33:37first of all

00:33:38it was a cultural scene

00:33:40Kerouac and Burroughs

00:33:41and Herbert Hunke

00:33:43who was a friend of Burroughs

00:33:45now a writer

00:33:46then a hustling junkie

00:33:49on Times Square

00:33:49who was working with

00:33:51Dr. Kinsey

00:33:52as Kinsey's informant

00:33:54for the floating population

00:33:56of Times Square

00:33:57so that Burroughs

00:33:58and Kerouac

00:33:59and myself

00:33:59and Hunke

00:34:00and many friends

00:34:00are integrated

00:34:02into the first statistics

00:34:03of the Kinsey report

00:34:04homosexuality was thought

00:34:06to be a comparatively

00:34:07rare phenomenon

00:34:09until Kinsey came along

00:34:11and provided

00:34:12very good evidence

00:34:13that actually

00:34:14there were of course

00:34:15roughly 20 million

00:34:17gay men and women

00:34:18and that was important

00:34:20and it was important

00:34:21because it gave

00:34:22great hope

00:34:23to gay people

00:34:24and lesbians

00:34:24because they

00:34:25for the first time

00:34:27realized

00:34:27that they were not

00:34:28a tiny minority

00:34:29but actually

00:34:30a very sizable proportion

00:34:31of the population

00:34:32the feeling

00:34:34that was created

00:34:34was you could walk

00:34:35down the street

00:34:36and oh my heavens

00:34:39one out of ten

00:34:40or one out of twenty

00:34:41or whatever it might be

00:34:42might be having

00:34:43those feelings

00:34:44might be having

00:34:45those experiences

00:34:45it really shook people up

00:34:47and made them

00:34:48it made it impossible

00:34:49for them to think

00:34:50about homosexuality

00:34:51in the old ways

00:34:52that it was something

00:34:53way over there

00:34:54but then

00:34:55there was such a

00:34:57turnaround in the country

00:34:58you know

00:34:58come shortly after

00:34:59the 48 elections

00:35:01and then in came

00:35:02Senator McCarthy

00:35:03and all of a sudden

00:35:04the country

00:35:05slipped into the dark ages

00:35:07you can run away

00:35:09if you like

00:35:09you have been here

00:35:11trying to smear

00:35:12the staff

00:35:12of this committee

00:35:13the young men

00:35:14who have been

00:35:16working to uncover

00:35:17communists

00:35:18for too long

00:35:19apparently every time

00:35:21anybody says anything

00:35:22against anybody

00:35:23working for Senator McCarthy

00:35:25he is measuring them

00:35:26and accusing them

00:35:27of communists

00:35:28people were looking

00:35:30for enemies

00:35:31of all sorts

00:35:32everywhere

00:35:32not just communists

00:35:34but queers

00:35:35anything

00:35:36anybody who is deviant

00:35:37people who

00:35:39who were dissidents

00:35:40of any kind

00:35:42sexually

00:35:42socially

00:35:43politically

00:35:44what have you

00:35:45and they were looking

00:35:47for people like this

00:35:47under every bed

00:35:48and around every corner

00:35:49and behind every door

00:35:50it was a whole different spirit

00:35:52right after the big business

00:35:54about the Hollywood 10

00:35:55we began to hear

00:35:56in 48 and 49

00:35:57that they were beginning

00:35:57to kick guys out

00:35:58of the State Department

00:35:59for being gay

00:35:59and they were kicking

00:36:01guys out of the Army

00:36:01they were kicking them

00:36:02out of the Navy

00:36:03they were making

00:36:04the connection

00:36:05between communists

00:36:06and gay people

00:36:07and making the suggestion

00:36:08that the Soviet Union

00:36:10was using gay people

00:36:11as spies

00:36:12because they were being

00:36:13afraid of blackmail

00:36:14and so they were a danger

00:36:15in the federal government

00:36:16and in the State Department

00:36:17I came to the department

00:36:19in 1951

00:36:21and I was involved there

00:36:23in continuing investigations

00:36:25the easiest target

00:36:28for foreign intelligence sources

00:36:31for foreign intelligence agencies

00:36:34was sex

00:36:36women and girls

00:36:37are sent out

00:36:38according to carefully laid plans

00:36:40to brothels

00:36:41to low cafes and bars

00:36:42and to the streets

00:36:43where they spread

00:36:44venereal disease

00:36:45and disorder

00:36:46among those

00:36:47upon whom the defense

00:36:48of the nation depends

00:36:49agents

00:36:50far more dangerous

00:36:51than the women

00:36:52and girls

00:36:53they exploit

00:36:53take a large part

00:36:55of the money collected

00:36:56in this saddest

00:36:57and most degrading enterprise

00:37:00McCarthy

00:37:01made one feel

00:37:02that a gay person

00:37:04was like a Matt O'Herry

00:37:05Did you think this came

00:37:07from a pixie?

00:37:11Question

00:37:11Did you think this came

00:37:12from a pixie?

00:37:13The counsel

00:37:14the counsel

00:37:15for my benefits

00:37:16if I am

00:37:17I think he might be

00:37:18an expert on that

00:37:19on a pixie

00:37:20I should say

00:37:22I should say

00:37:23Mr. Senator

00:37:24that a pixie

00:37:25is a close relative

00:37:27of a fairy

00:37:33Hearings were held

00:37:34with respect to

00:37:36developing

00:37:37an executive order

00:37:39screening personnel

00:37:41coming into government

00:37:42and this executive order

00:37:44was executive order

00:37:4510450

00:37:46EO 10450

00:37:48outlined the fact

00:37:50that a person

00:37:51who had

00:37:52a top secret clearance

00:37:53could not continue

00:37:55after having

00:37:57acknowledged involvement

00:37:58in homosexual activities

00:37:59Your first year

00:38:00is a probationary year

00:38:02and there's normally

00:38:03an investigation

00:38:03during that year

00:38:05and I was called in

00:38:09and they said

00:38:10we have information

00:38:10that leads us

00:38:11to believe

00:38:13that you're a homosexual

00:38:14do you have any comment?

00:38:15and I said

00:38:16what's the information?

00:38:18and they said

00:38:19we can't tell you

00:38:19that would reveal

00:38:20our sources

00:38:20The sources

00:38:21of our information

00:38:23on these people

00:38:25generally came

00:38:28from a co-participant

00:38:30and we were fortunate

00:38:32in that

00:38:32when we interviewed

00:38:33some of these people

00:38:34which we were required

00:38:36to do

00:38:36before they left

00:38:37the department

00:38:39that they furnished us

00:38:41with a long list

00:38:43of names

00:38:44of others

00:38:45who were similarly involved

00:38:46and in those days

00:38:49homosexuality

00:38:49as such

00:38:50was

00:38:51with no further

00:38:52reason or rationale

00:38:53was a basis

00:38:54for exclusion

00:38:55from the civil service

00:38:56and by the end

00:38:57of the year

00:38:58sort of as a Christmas

00:38:59present

00:38:59I was out

00:39:00We offer them

00:39:01first of all

00:39:02an opportunity

00:39:03of facing

00:39:04a board hearing

00:39:05with the department

00:39:06before they went

00:39:07We offer them

00:39:09an opportunity

00:39:09to resign

00:39:10I don't think

00:39:12we had 10 hearings

00:39:13and we separated

00:39:15900 to 1,000 employees

00:39:18of the department

00:39:20of state

00:39:20So I proceeded

00:39:22to appeal

00:39:23administratively

00:39:24through the formal

00:39:25appeal procedures

00:39:26which went up

00:39:27a few steps

00:39:28and then

00:39:28I always follow

00:39:29avenues

00:39:30till their end

00:39:30so I appealed

00:39:31it ultimately

00:39:32up into the White House

00:39:33It got nowhere there

00:39:34I attempted

00:39:35to appeal it

00:39:36to the House

00:39:37and Senate

00:39:37civil service committees

00:39:39which were not

00:39:40terribly sympathetic

00:39:41Down through the years

00:39:42we've had

00:39:43many many cases

00:39:45but only one case

00:39:47to my knowledge

00:39:48where an individual

00:39:49after his interviews

00:39:50with us

00:39:51he went out

00:39:52and committed suicide

00:39:54Now Mr. Adams

00:39:58Subversive

00:40:04I was in service

00:40:06during the McCarthy era

00:40:0851, 2 and 3

00:40:09The OSI started

00:40:10an investigation of me

00:40:11because some of the women

00:40:13I had been associating with

00:40:14were under investigation

00:40:15for homosexuality

00:40:17There was no time

00:40:18of the day

00:40:19when they wouldn't come

00:40:20and get me

00:40:20It didn't make a difference

00:40:21where I was

00:40:22and when they had me

00:40:23in the office

00:40:23there were always

00:40:25three men there

00:40:25One of them

00:40:26would ask the questions

00:40:27one would watch

00:40:28my reactions

00:40:29and the other one

00:40:30would make notes

00:40:31and I'm not easily

00:40:32intimidated

00:40:33but I was totally

00:40:34intimidated by these men

00:40:35and this had been

00:40:36going on for

00:40:37about 10 or 11 months

00:40:39and I knew I was

00:40:40at an emotional

00:40:41a physical

00:40:42and a mental

00:40:43breaking point

00:40:44I knew that

00:40:45it was either

00:40:46tell them

00:40:46and get out now

00:40:47or see myself

00:40:49in some hospital

00:40:51someplace

00:40:52In the end

00:40:53when I finally

00:40:53agreed to sign

00:40:54the paper

00:40:55that they wanted me

00:40:55to sign

00:40:56and told my story

00:40:56I had to

00:40:58incriminate this woman

00:40:59sexually

00:41:00with myself

00:41:01Their promises were

00:41:03that I would get

00:41:03a general discharge

00:41:04and that

00:41:05they would make

00:41:06no contact at all

00:41:07with this family

00:41:07because it was

00:41:08important

00:41:09that her parents

00:41:11not know anything

00:41:11about this

00:41:12well needless to say

00:41:13that both of these

00:41:15conditions were violated

00:41:16I got neither

00:41:16a general discharge

00:41:17nor did they keep

00:41:18their distance

00:41:19from that family

00:41:19in town

00:41:20and to this day

00:41:22that girl

00:41:23will not talk to me

00:41:25I entered the service

00:41:26as an integrated

00:41:27personality

00:41:28totally adjusted

00:41:30confident

00:41:32capable

00:41:33and I came out

00:41:34of the service

00:41:36disintegrated

00:41:36and with

00:41:38no self-image

00:41:39no prospects

00:41:40for a secure

00:41:41or a profitable

00:41:42tomorrow

00:41:43and in

00:41:44a sort of limbo

00:41:53Today is a high point

00:41:55in the romance

00:41:55of Bob and Mary

00:41:56For them

00:41:57the future

00:41:58looks bright

00:42:01I assumed

00:42:02of course

00:42:03I had to get married

00:42:04It was just so pervasive

00:42:05you know

00:42:06the entire economy

00:42:07was geared to this

00:42:08This was the big

00:42:09period of growth

00:42:10we were getting

00:42:11the Eichler homes

00:42:13were all going up

00:42:13around Palo Alto

00:42:14where I was at the time

00:42:16It was burgeoning

00:42:17into greater suburbia

00:42:19Three-bedroom homes

00:42:20were the thing

00:42:21and you wondered

00:42:22how you were going

00:42:22to get your four children

00:42:23into three-bedroom homes

00:42:24and it was just so accepted

00:42:26that almost everybody

00:42:28that I knew

00:42:29bought into this

00:42:32Little boxes

00:42:34on the hillside

00:42:35Little boxes

00:42:36made of ticky-tacky

00:42:38Little boxes

00:42:39on the hillside

00:42:40Little boxes

00:42:41all the same

00:42:43There's a pink one

00:42:44and a green one

00:42:46and a blue one

00:42:47and a yellow one

00:42:48and they're all

00:42:49made out of ticky-tacky

00:42:51and they all look

00:42:53just the same

00:42:56I tried marriage

00:42:58I tried to act like

00:43:02I saw all other women acting

00:43:04The hand with the soft touch

00:43:07holds her man

00:43:09in the palm of her hand

00:43:10because a man

00:43:11is a soft touch

00:43:13for that soft touch

00:43:18One of the reasons

00:43:19that the gay people marry

00:43:21because there is

00:43:22a certain amount

00:43:22of social pressure

00:43:23to do that

00:43:23Now that social pressure

00:43:25was a lot stronger

00:43:2620 or 30 years ago

00:43:28than it is now

00:43:28and 100 years ago

00:43:29it was virtually mandatory

00:43:30You were expected

00:43:31you either

00:43:32were a charity case

00:43:34in your own family

00:43:35or you married

00:43:36because there were

00:43:36very few things

00:43:37you could do

00:43:38This is for women

00:43:39In retrospect

00:43:40I would have to say

00:43:41that it's homosexual panic

00:43:43but I'd certainly managed

00:43:45to convince myself

00:43:46at the time anyway

00:43:47that I was doing it

00:43:48for all the appropriate reasons

00:43:49I was in love

00:43:50I wanted a family

00:43:52This seemed to be

00:43:53the thing to do

00:43:54There was no acceptance

00:43:55You didn't have

00:43:56any of the security

00:43:57of being married

00:43:58No family acceptance

00:44:00You couldn't go home

00:44:01and say

00:44:01Mom, meet my wife

00:44:03or my husband

00:44:04or whoever

00:44:05In 1950

00:44:06a time of severe

00:44:08political and social repression

00:44:10America's first organization

00:44:12of homosexuals

00:44:13The Mattachine Society

00:44:14was founded

00:44:15by a small group of men

00:44:17including Harry Hay

00:44:19and Chuck Rowlands

00:44:20We didn't know

00:44:22at that point

00:44:23none of us knew

00:44:23that there had ever been

00:44:25a gay organization

00:44:26of any sort

00:44:27anywhere in the world

00:44:28before

00:44:28No, we did not

00:44:30Absolutely no knowledge

00:44:31of that

00:44:31So he felt

00:44:33that we had to be

00:44:35very, very careful

00:44:36in everything that we did

00:44:37and think about it

00:44:38very carefully

00:44:38or we could make

00:44:40a mistake

00:44:41and if we made a mistake

00:44:42and got into the papers

00:44:43the wrong way

00:44:44we could hurt the idea

00:44:45of a movement

00:44:45for years to come

00:44:46and we were terrified

00:44:47of doing that

00:44:48The very first gay meeting

00:44:50that grew into the movement

00:44:52as we know it today

00:44:53took place in someone's

00:44:54apartment in Los Angeles

00:44:55and I'm told

00:44:56they had the door locked

00:44:58and the blinds drawn

00:44:59and a lookout posted

00:45:00for the police

00:45:01because they actually believed

00:45:02they could be arrested

00:45:03just for talking

00:45:04about homosexuality

00:45:06Gay was supposedly

00:45:08something you were ashamed of

00:45:09and it was

00:45:10oh that person is a queer

00:45:12or even worse

00:45:13you wouldn't even verbalize

00:45:15it

00:45:15it wouldn't be talked about

00:45:16so for the idea

00:45:18to think in terms

00:45:19of having rights

00:45:20or some kind

00:45:20you just didn't put

00:45:21two and two together

00:45:22you know

00:45:23you just slid by

00:45:24I found that there were

00:45:25only a few

00:45:28who were thinking beyond

00:45:30just having a good time

00:45:32or finding that person

00:45:33a lover

00:45:35I had an automatic reaction

00:45:38and Harry Hay

00:45:39and others

00:45:40seemed to have

00:45:40an automatic reaction

00:45:41that this is a social problem

00:45:43that needs to be dealt with

00:45:44I'm thinking of this in 48

00:45:46and I write all this down

00:45:49then I start looking

00:45:50for people who join me

00:45:51and I talk to hundreds

00:45:53of people at this point

00:45:54and it's not until

00:45:56July of 1950

00:45:57that I meet Rudy

00:45:58and he takes one look at it

00:45:59and says wow

00:45:59me too

00:46:01I looked at it

00:46:02with delight

00:46:03and said my god

00:46:04I could have written

00:46:05this myself

00:46:07and that was the beginning

00:46:09of that

00:46:10it was my first opportunity

00:46:12to meet other gay men

00:46:14in a social setting

00:46:15and to exchange

00:46:17with each other

00:46:17the pain

00:46:18and the agony

00:46:19that we've known

00:46:20and we helped each other

00:46:22come to the realization

00:46:24that we're not bad people

00:46:25we're good people

00:46:26in addition to sponsoring

00:46:28discussion groups

00:46:29and fighting police entrapment

00:46:30some members

00:46:31began America's

00:46:32first homosexual magazines

00:46:35Mattachine Review

00:46:36and One

00:46:37One and Mattachine Review

00:46:39were great

00:46:39and I read them

00:46:40all the time

00:46:41see the whole thing

00:46:41is they came literarily

00:46:42out of the closet

00:46:43and socially out of the closet

00:46:44and said

00:46:45we are writing a magazine

00:46:46for gay people

00:46:47or for homosexual people

00:46:49they were the only place

00:46:50in public

00:46:50where you could talk about it

00:46:51about being gay

00:46:53Mattachine was instrumental

00:46:55in helping psychologist

00:46:56Evelyn Hooker

00:46:57find well-adjusted homosexual men

00:47:00for her groundbreaking studies

00:47:01there was absolutely nothing

00:47:04in the psychiatric

00:47:07or psychological literature

00:47:08which concerned

00:47:10well-functioning gay males

00:47:14I set out to collect

00:47:16a group of gay males

00:47:18who were functioning

00:47:20comparatively well

00:47:21who were gainfully employed

00:47:24were not in psychiatric

00:47:26or psychological treatment

00:47:27and to compare them

00:47:29with heterosexual males

00:47:31the results were fantastic

00:47:33namely

00:47:33that there were

00:47:34almost no numerical differences

00:47:36in the percentages

00:47:38of men

00:47:39in either group

00:47:41who had superior adjustment

00:47:44according to my expert judges

00:47:45a handful of women

00:47:47including Dale Martin

00:47:48and Phyllis Lyon

00:47:49began the Daughters of Belitis

00:47:51in 1955

00:47:52it was a women's organization

00:47:54that offered a supportive atmosphere

00:47:56for lesbians

00:47:57education on the subject

00:47:59of lesbianism for its members

00:48:01as well as for the general public

00:48:02was its primary goal

00:48:04the first organization

00:48:07in the movement

00:48:07that I joined

00:48:09was the Daughters of Belitis

00:48:10and I first ran into them

00:48:12in 1956

00:48:13in San Francisco

00:48:15I had been told about the group

00:48:16by members of One

00:48:18and Mattachine

00:48:19and I called up

00:48:20when I arrived in San Francisco

00:48:22and they invited me

00:48:23to a meeting

00:48:23which was being held

00:48:24the following night

00:48:25and that next night

00:48:26I was in a room

00:48:28with 12 other lesbians

00:48:29for the first time

00:48:30in my life

00:48:31and oh

00:48:32what a thrill that was

00:48:34at great personal

00:48:36and professional risk

00:48:37to its publishers

00:48:38and often to its readers

00:48:39the latter

00:48:40a lesbian publication

00:48:41was born

00:48:43all too often

00:48:45the journal

00:48:45was the only link

00:48:46women had

00:48:47to others like themselves

00:48:49they somehow

00:48:50got passed around

00:48:51from hand to hand

00:48:52and they got mailed

00:48:53from one subscriber

00:48:54to another

00:48:55in some other part

00:48:56of the country

00:48:56who then sent it on

00:48:57to someone else

00:48:58and the organization's

00:49:00little offices

00:49:00they'd have letters

00:49:01and phone calls

00:49:02from isolated gay people

00:49:04sometimes too afraid

00:49:05even to give a name

00:49:06on the telephone

00:49:07who would say

00:49:08things like

00:49:08I'm just grateful

00:49:09for your existence

00:49:10for the sheer existence

00:49:12of groups of my own kind

00:49:13that I can turn to

00:49:14it took an enormous

00:49:15amount of courage

00:49:16in the 50s

00:49:17to openly declare oneself

00:49:21to be a lesbian

00:49:23or a gay male

00:49:24and these people did so

00:49:30in the 50s

00:49:32how were you

00:49:33I was myself

00:49:34it meant

00:49:36a hell of a struggle

00:49:37it meant having to

00:49:39use violence

00:49:40and defend

00:49:41my own beliefs

00:49:43men were

00:49:44just horrible

00:49:48it came to the point

00:49:50where

00:49:52you couldn't even

00:49:53tap somebody

00:49:54on the back

00:49:55without them

00:49:55saying queer

00:49:56and this and that

00:49:57and this one

00:49:59particular woman

00:50:00decided to ride

00:50:01with me

00:50:01and we were just

00:50:02having just a lot

00:50:03of fun

00:50:04until finally

00:50:05there was mention

00:50:06of queer

00:50:07you have to

00:50:08develop a tough

00:50:10high to

00:50:10take care of

00:50:11the soft

00:50:12interior

00:50:14we figured out

00:50:17that a lot of

00:50:18people didn't like us

00:50:19and we had to

00:50:19protect ourselves

00:50:20so

00:50:23we got together

00:50:24and we formed

00:50:25the Lee Girls

00:50:26I can't remember

00:50:27if we named

00:50:27ourselves after

00:50:28I can't remember

00:50:29if it was

00:50:29Lorelei Lee

00:50:30or Robert E. Lee

00:50:31or maybe both

00:50:32we got together

00:50:34because we weren't

00:50:35going to put up

00:50:36with being pushed

00:50:36around

00:50:37and if somebody

00:50:38pushed one of us

00:50:39around

00:50:39we would

00:50:41get them

00:50:42you know

00:50:42I always thought

00:50:43I was different

00:50:45and I didn't think

00:50:45there was anybody else

00:50:46and then I went

00:50:47to reform school

00:50:48and there they were

00:50:51I mean that was

00:50:52bulldagger's heaven

00:50:52to me

00:50:53shit

00:50:53I was right at home

00:50:55but see

00:50:55you didn't call me

00:50:57queer

00:50:57not to my face

00:50:58you'd do it

00:50:59in a moving automobile

00:51:00cause I'd kick ass

00:51:01see

00:51:01I was young

00:51:02dumb

00:51:02and full of it

00:51:03I went in

00:51:04this bar

00:51:05with a good friend

00:51:06of mine

00:51:07and they hassled

00:51:08my friend

00:51:09for being with me

00:51:10cause I was

00:51:11pretty obvious

00:51:12you know

00:51:12and this bastard

00:51:14come over

00:51:15and he was gonna

00:51:16take a swing

00:51:17at my friend

00:51:18so I picked up

00:51:19this big glass

00:51:21ashtray

00:51:21and I hit him

00:51:23on the head

00:51:23you know

00:51:25and it shattered

00:51:26it

00:51:26couldn't even

00:51:27find a piece

00:51:28splendor

00:51:28and blood

00:51:30flew

00:51:32like that

00:51:33you know

00:51:34and he stood

00:51:35there for a second

00:51:36and I put my

00:51:36big boot

00:51:37right in his gut

00:51:38and I went

00:51:40and slammed him

00:51:42across the room

00:51:42and he fell

00:51:43in a chair

00:51:46and those

00:51:47rest of those

00:51:49heterosexuals

00:51:50they came over

00:51:51to his rescue

00:51:53towels

00:51:53and blood

00:51:54all over

00:51:56I said

00:51:57to my friend

00:51:57let's

00:51:58get the hell

00:51:59out of here

00:52:00the women

00:52:01I ran with

00:52:03we knew

00:52:03we were outsiders

00:52:04we knew

00:52:05we were

00:52:05outside the pale

00:52:07lived in the village

00:52:08we were outsiders

00:52:09we were dykes

00:52:10right

00:52:12a lot of us

00:52:12were artists

00:52:14we hated

00:52:15typing

00:52:16right

00:52:17we didn't want

00:52:18straight jobs

00:52:19whatever we did

00:52:20we were at the fringe

00:52:21now this of course

00:52:22was the 50s

00:52:23it was like

00:52:24the um

00:52:24the gay girls

00:52:25version of the beatniks

00:52:27when I was growing up

00:52:28and anybody else

00:52:30in my age bracket

00:52:30were growing up

00:52:32most of our parents

00:52:33when they found out

00:52:33we were gay

00:52:34we were excommunicated

00:52:35from the family

00:52:36or we were just

00:52:37totally dropped

00:52:38we weren't invited

00:52:39to a lot of family affairs

00:52:42my mother

00:52:43tore up my brother's

00:52:44wedding invitation

00:52:45to me

00:52:45because she didn't want

00:52:46the queer

00:52:46coming to the wedding

00:52:48and there were

00:52:49a lot of things

00:52:49that happened like that

00:52:50to gay kids

00:52:51growing up

00:52:52in the 50s

00:52:52and the 60s

00:52:53about this time

00:52:54Mary developed

00:52:55a sudden strong

00:52:56friendship

00:52:57with Lucille Williams

00:52:58it seemed that

00:52:59Mary could talk

00:53:00better with Lucille

00:53:01than with anybody

00:53:01they had absolutely

00:53:03no secrets

00:53:04from each other

00:53:04they were inseparable

00:53:07to Mary's mother

00:53:09it seemed unnatural

00:53:10this continual intimacy

00:53:12this concentration

00:53:13of affection

00:53:14on one

00:53:15not very unusual girl

00:53:18oh Lucille

00:53:19wait a minute

00:53:21Ethel

00:53:21we forgot about Ethel

00:53:23we're gonna have to bring Ethel

00:53:24oh we don't have to bring her

00:53:26you know what she's like

00:53:27with boys and everything

00:53:28Mary darling

00:53:29you're keeping Lucille

00:53:30from her dinner

00:53:31oh I was just leaving

00:53:32Mrs. Gibbs

00:53:33well bye

00:53:33I'll see you tomorrow

00:53:34next there was a crush

00:53:37on Ethel Hampton

00:53:38senior girls tennis champion

00:53:40Mary seemed to have

00:53:41a real need

00:53:42to be stirred up

00:53:43about someone

00:53:44the girl

00:53:45that I marry

00:53:47will probably be

00:53:49as butch as a hunk

00:53:51of machinery

00:53:53the girl

00:53:54I idolize

00:53:56will wear slacks

00:53:58with fly fronts

00:53:59tailored shirts

00:54:01and bow ties

00:54:02she'll walk with a swagger

00:54:05and wear short hair

00:54:06and keep me entranced

00:54:09with her tomboy air

00:54:11instead of cruising

00:54:13I'll be using

00:54:16her shoulder

00:54:18to lean on

00:54:20while snoozing

00:54:24a faint hearted fairy

00:54:26the girl

00:54:28that I marry

00:54:30won't be

00:54:35in those days

00:54:36you're either a butcher

00:54:37or a femme

00:54:37because they were

00:54:38I guess

00:54:38emulating straight society

00:54:40and so

00:54:41you know

00:54:42all the things

00:54:42that go along

00:54:43with that

00:54:43either you're the aggressive

00:54:44or you're a passive

00:54:46or whatever

00:54:46so of course

00:54:47I chose

00:54:47which I'd already

00:54:48been a tomboy

00:54:49I already was dressing

00:54:50pretty masculine

00:54:51so then I went

00:54:52even further

00:54:53actually I was

00:54:54a piss poor butch

00:54:55in Chicago

00:54:56the other butchers

00:54:57used to criticize me

00:54:58because I wasn't

00:54:58butch enough

00:54:59you know

00:54:59because I didn't

00:55:00act like a man

00:55:01actually I would

00:55:02dress kind of masculine

00:55:03but I didn't really

00:55:04act that much

00:55:05like a man

00:55:05and that was the thing

00:55:06you're supposed to

00:55:07act like a man

00:55:08or you know

00:55:09be the super lady

00:55:10one or the other

00:55:11a lot of times

00:55:12if you wanted to go

00:55:13take a girl out

00:55:14to a real nice

00:55:14intimate dinner

00:55:15or whatever

00:55:16or go into a straight

00:55:17club to see a show

00:55:18but go in as like

00:55:19dates or go to a drive-in

00:55:20it always worked

00:55:22much better

00:55:23if one looked

00:55:25more like the man

00:55:26and could pass

00:55:26as a man

00:55:27and chances are

00:55:28you wouldn't

00:55:29find a carload

00:55:31of straight guys

00:55:32pulling up next to you

00:55:33and saying queer

00:55:33queer

00:55:34and then beat

00:55:34the shit out of you

00:55:35so if you look

00:55:36like a man

00:55:36and tried to pass

00:55:37as a man

00:55:37you were safer

00:55:38you have to remember

00:55:39that the lesbian

00:55:40gay girls

00:55:42because that's

00:55:42what we would call

00:55:43the gay girls

00:55:44population

00:55:45was a reflection

00:55:46of what else

00:55:47was going on

00:55:48right

00:55:48around us

00:55:49and that was

00:55:50the era of

00:55:51let's pretend

00:55:52this is the best

00:55:53of all possible worlds

00:55:54this is exactly

00:55:55what we choose

00:55:56right

00:55:56and this is it

00:55:57it's like nobody

00:55:58talked about

00:55:59racism

00:55:59right

00:56:00so if something

00:56:01happened to me

00:56:01in a bar

00:56:02I couldn't count

00:56:03on anybody

00:56:04standing up

00:56:05and covering my back

00:56:07a white lesbian

00:56:08would not stand up

00:56:09to cover my back

00:56:10they may say

00:56:11personally

00:56:11oh isn't that too bad

00:56:13it happened to you

00:56:14but not

00:56:15hey this shouldn't

00:56:16it happened

00:56:16period

00:56:18somewhere

00:56:21over the rainbow

00:56:26in the 50s

00:56:27homosexual men

00:56:28exhibited a great

00:56:29range of self-expression

00:56:31from the most masculine

00:56:33who passed as straight

00:56:34to the more flamboyant

00:56:36drag queens

00:56:36who lived on the

00:56:37fringes of society

00:56:38but for all gay men

00:56:40camping it up

00:56:41the self-conscious

00:56:42parody of heterosexual

00:56:44behavior and attitudes

00:56:45played an important role

00:56:55those that were

00:56:57the sissies

00:56:58or those that were

00:56:59very open

00:56:59with their

00:57:01with being gay

00:57:03generally were

00:57:04the ones who accepted

00:57:05the feminine role

00:57:05and the boyfriends

00:57:07and the lovers

00:57:08and things

00:57:08were usually very masculine

00:57:09and usually very closeted

00:57:12well I'd say

00:57:13what a sissy I was

00:57:18and of course

00:57:19there was blatant camping

00:57:20because we were

00:57:21under so much pressure

00:57:22you don't see that

00:57:22kind of camping

00:57:23in gay bars now

00:57:25I do it because

00:57:25it makes me feel good

00:57:28I believe you should

00:57:29express what you are

00:57:30any way you want to

00:57:36I do it because

00:57:37I like when somebody

00:57:38says oh god

00:57:38you're gorgeous

00:57:39oh god

00:57:39you're gorgeous

00:57:40I love that

00:57:41who wouldn't

00:57:41the gay young lad

00:57:44from Trinidad

00:57:46oh what a time

00:57:48I almost had

00:57:49he was as gay

00:57:51as he could be

00:57:53but he was much

00:57:55too gay for me

00:58:00I always knew

00:58:02they grew palm trees

00:58:04bananas they always had

00:58:07but it's not as if the 50s

00:58:10were time

00:58:11I found a ponzi

00:58:12in Trinidad

00:58:14the gay young lad

00:58:16from Trinidad

00:58:18oh what a time

00:58:20I almost had

00:58:22I might have sowed

00:58:24a few wild oats

00:58:25but he preferred

00:58:27banana boats

00:58:33it's not as if

00:58:34the 50s

00:58:35were time

00:58:38of

00:58:40simply total

00:58:41desperation

00:58:42it depends

00:58:43who you were

00:58:44where you were

00:58:46how lucky you were

00:58:47whether you were

00:58:48lucky enough

00:58:49for example

00:58:49to meet

00:58:51a set of friends

00:58:52who were truly supportive

00:58:53and they just

00:58:54took me to their

00:58:55collective bosoms

00:58:56so to speak

00:58:57and boy was that fun

00:58:59and they took me

00:59:00to a girls softball game

00:59:02and of course

00:59:03I didn't care anything

00:59:04about softball

00:59:05but I sure liked

00:59:06watching all the girls

00:59:07run around there

00:59:07in those shorts

00:59:12you could just

00:59:13go to any small town

00:59:14softball field

00:59:16and just wait

00:59:17sooner or later

00:59:18that's where

00:59:18they would all come

00:59:20but we'd do

00:59:21if we were in a strange place

00:59:22or we were lonely

00:59:24and we wanted to make friends

00:59:25or something

00:59:25we would just

00:59:26pick the likeliest looking people

00:59:27and follow them

00:59:28and then

00:59:29we would start laughing

00:59:30and giggling

00:59:31and following them

00:59:32in the car

00:59:32and pretty

00:59:33eventually they would notice

00:59:34and they would either

00:59:35join in the fun

00:59:37and let us follow them

00:59:38and we'd end up in a bar

00:59:39or wherever they hung out

00:59:41and get to talking

00:59:42or they would

00:59:44panic

00:59:45and take off

00:59:46and that would be

00:59:47the end of that

00:59:47and we'd be stuck

00:59:48until the next Saturday

00:59:49we loved each other

00:59:51very much

00:59:51we had a circle

00:59:52of supportive friends

00:59:54there were some bars

00:59:56that we could go to

00:59:57the bar scene

00:59:58was miserable

00:59:59it's just nothing

01:00:00like it is today

01:00:01and when you say

01:00:02did you find a bar

01:00:03to go to

01:00:04it wasn't that easy

01:00:05at all

01:00:05back then

01:00:06back in the 50s

01:00:08and 60s

01:00:09they would back

01:00:10a paddy wagon

01:00:11up to the door

01:00:13and everybody

01:00:14regardless of who

01:00:15they were

01:00:16my mother and father

01:00:17almost got caught

01:00:25they would use

01:00:26any excuse

01:00:27to arrest you

01:00:28as long as

01:00:28they knew you were gay

01:00:29I mean it was like

01:00:30they harassed the women

01:00:31by their dress outfits

01:00:32they harassed the men

01:00:33if they looked a little

01:00:34Nelly on the street

01:00:35and they'd just

01:00:36push them

01:00:37just to get them

01:00:37to either mouth off

01:00:39or say hey

01:00:39leave me alone

01:00:40the police would say

01:00:41okay you're resisting arrest

01:00:42now you go to jail

01:00:43whatever

01:00:43so there was always

01:00:44a constant pressure

01:00:45being put on us

01:00:47it's almost vigilante

01:00:48mentality is what it was

01:00:50I mean just his business

01:00:51of backing a paddy wagon

01:00:52up to not one

01:00:53but having two or three

01:00:54out there

01:00:54and scooping everybody

01:00:56out taking them down

01:00:57booking them

01:00:57and then the next day

01:00:58at least one of the

01:00:59newspapers

01:01:00all of the names

01:01:00the people that were

01:01:01booked at this gay bar

01:01:03or that gay bar

01:01:04would be published

01:01:04and people lost their jobs

01:01:07they were training

01:01:08really good looking

01:01:09in young offices

01:01:10you know how to be gay

01:01:12how to appear gay

01:01:13you would even be approached

01:01:15you know with what's

01:01:16happening hoping that

01:01:17you would say anything

01:01:18to them sexual

01:01:19or even hinting

01:01:21you know you didn't even

01:01:22just hinting to that fact

01:01:23and you'd find yourself

01:01:24under arrest

01:01:25so watch out

01:01:26for the vice squad

01:01:28breaking up that gang

01:01:31of crime

01:01:34any personal expression

01:01:36particularly relating

01:01:37to genitals and eros

01:01:39and heart

01:01:40that would threaten

01:01:41the authority of the state

01:01:42was illegal

01:01:44in literature

01:01:45in art

01:01:46porn

01:01:47as they called it

01:01:48there were a series of trials

01:01:49in the late 50s

01:01:51that liberated the word

01:01:53and that meant a whole

01:01:54spiritual liberation

01:01:55after that

01:01:56one of the early trials

01:01:57was the howl trial

01:01:58in 56

01:01:59alan ginsberg's howl

01:02:01a book of poetry

01:02:02with graphic homosexual images

01:02:04was seized by the police

01:02:07the aclu

01:02:08with the help of literary figures

01:02:10including lawrence verlinghetti

01:02:11won this precedent setting case

01:02:15so they lost

01:02:16so we got a lot of publicity

01:02:17so the book sold like hotcakes

01:02:19and the censors acted as publicists

01:02:23for a new sensibility

01:02:25howl eventually became america's

01:02:27best-selling book of poetry

01:02:29in 1958

01:02:30one magazine

01:02:32won a case

01:02:33against the postal service

01:02:34which allowed all gay publications

01:02:36use of the u.s. mail

01:02:38following the second world war

01:02:39really

01:02:40the entire publishing history

01:02:41in the united states changed

01:02:43paperback novels

01:02:44became very popular

01:02:46and along with the rise

01:02:48of the paperback novels

01:02:49in general

01:02:49lesbian paperback originals

01:02:51began to be published

01:02:52in enormous quantities

01:02:53there were thousands of them

01:02:54between about 1950 and 1965

01:02:56and they range from just

01:02:59incredible trash

01:03:00books with titles like

01:03:02the twisted ones

01:03:03it's just

01:03:04you know

01:03:05a really tripey novel

01:03:06and

01:03:07at the same time though

01:03:09among those

01:03:10there were

01:03:10perhaps

01:03:11a hundred

01:03:12out of all the thousands

01:03:13about a hundred

01:03:14that were written

01:03:15by

01:03:16women

01:03:17for women

01:03:18and books like

01:03:19odd girl out

01:03:21by ann bannon

01:03:22that first appeared

01:03:23in 1957

01:03:25is now

01:03:26really a classic novel

01:03:27in what they call

01:03:28the paperback genre

01:03:30my initial acquaintance

01:03:32with any kind of

01:03:32lesbian literature

01:03:33came through

01:03:34a paperback reissue

01:03:35of Radcliffe Hall's

01:03:37Well of Loneliness

01:03:37I suppose that's true

01:03:38for lots of us

01:03:39I have a friend who said

01:03:40I used to stand

01:03:41in the stacks

01:03:42at the library

01:03:43because I didn't have

01:03:43the courage

01:03:44to go up to the librarian

01:03:45and check it out

01:03:46and I'd stand there

01:03:47and I'd cry

01:03:48and I'd read Radcliffe Hall

01:03:49so I kind of did

01:03:51the same thing

01:03:52and then I found

01:03:54a novel called

01:03:55Spring Fire

01:03:56written by

01:03:57a writer named

01:03:58Vin Packer

01:03:59and she was contemporary

01:04:01and this was in the mid-50s

01:04:02and I wrote her a letter

01:04:03and she said

01:04:05why don't you come up

01:04:06to New York

01:04:07and I'll introduce you

01:04:07to my publisher

01:04:08and I got myself

01:04:10to New York

01:04:10as fast as I could

01:04:11with my manuscript

01:04:13in hand

01:04:14Odd Girl Out

01:04:15was the result

01:04:16In 1957

01:04:18Odd Girl Out

01:04:19was Fawcett Gold Medal's

01:04:22second best-selling

01:04:23paperback original

01:04:24title of the year

01:04:25I guess I was brought out

01:04:27you might say

01:04:28by an older woman

01:04:29which was in the form

01:04:30of one of Ann Bannon's books

01:04:32I picked up

01:04:33in the drugstore

01:04:34from coming home

01:04:34from school one day

01:04:37and I picked up

01:04:38this paperback

01:04:40and I opened it up

01:04:41and said something

01:04:43about the young girl

01:04:43and the older woman

01:04:45and the

01:04:46touched her leg

01:04:47or her breast

01:04:48or something

01:04:48and she was dancing

01:04:49and oh my god

01:04:50it sent a shiver

01:04:51of whoo

01:04:53excitement

01:04:53in my whole body

01:04:55that I had never

01:04:55experienced before

01:04:56She put an arm

01:04:58around Laura

01:04:58and squeezed her a little

01:05:00Laura was embarrassed

01:05:01and grateful

01:05:02at the same time

01:05:03it was so good

01:05:05After I read that book

01:05:07I knew that's

01:05:08what I wanted

01:05:09I desired a woman

01:05:11I mean that's

01:05:12what I wanted

01:05:12what else was there

01:05:14and I can remember

01:05:15somebody saying

01:05:16that all the queers

01:05:17lived in Greenwich Village

01:05:18in New York City

01:05:19that was the image

01:05:21where all the queers

01:05:22lived

01:05:22as soon as I heard that

01:05:23I knew that's

01:05:24where I wanted to live

01:05:26and a few months

01:05:27out of high school

01:05:27I was here

01:05:29Lesbians and gay people

01:05:30were coming from

01:05:31Philadelphia

01:05:31and New Jersey City

01:05:33this was during the summer

01:05:34they were just coming

01:05:34from all over

01:05:35to be in New York City

01:05:36and cruised Greenwich Village

01:05:37Once I had a secret love

01:05:45that lived within the heart of me

01:05:51Well honey when I went there

01:05:53there was lesbians

01:05:54in the streets

01:05:55in droves

01:05:57women that look like men

01:05:58men that look like women

01:06:00right

01:06:00women with the hair slicked back

01:06:02doing the trip

01:06:04the femmes with the beehive

01:06:07I found myself a girlfriend

01:06:09you know she was like

01:06:10the femme type

01:06:11and I loved it

01:06:13and I really felt at peace

01:06:15and I started having lovers

01:06:16easily

01:06:17because they were there

01:06:18to pick and choose from

01:06:19and see in Chicago

01:06:20there was not that

01:06:32good evening ladies and gentlemen

01:06:34and once again

01:06:36I welcome you

01:06:37on behalf of the working staff

01:06:40of the Black Cast

01:06:41the most famous

01:06:44bohemian bar in the world

01:06:47where are you from sir

01:06:50there must be at least

01:06:52one queen

01:06:53in Estabula, Ohio

01:06:54that's how I got it

01:06:55and where are you from sir

01:06:57look gorgeous

01:06:58mother's here

01:06:59it was a bohemian bar

01:07:01which had the reputation

01:07:03also of being a gay bar

01:07:04and there was a pianist

01:07:06who would play gay songs

01:07:07and there was a couple

01:07:08flouncy bartenders

01:07:10but basically

01:07:11it was wide open

01:07:12for everybody

01:07:13anything goes

01:07:13it was total human tolerance

01:07:16my god it's Jose

01:07:18the Black Cat

01:07:20was not a bar

01:07:21it was a family

01:07:22it was

01:07:23those were my friends

01:07:24and they

01:07:25they took me in

01:07:26and they took care of me

01:07:27they fed me when I was unemployed

01:07:29they patted my hand

01:07:30when I was hurting

01:07:31from a love affair

01:07:32and will you ever forget

01:07:33that handsome black man

01:07:35who when I would come

01:07:36to work early

01:07:37to see him get ready

01:07:38he was tall

01:07:39and thin

01:07:45women would come

01:07:46and sit at one end

01:07:47of the bar

01:07:48and the men

01:07:49would sit at the other

01:07:50and this one

01:07:50with his apron

01:07:51not down to here

01:07:52but just down here

01:07:57oh she was a gay girl

01:07:59the Black Cat

01:08:00helped to make homosexuals

01:08:02more visible

01:08:02in San Francisco

01:08:03so much so

01:08:05that in the 1959

01:08:06race for mayor

01:08:07challenger

01:08:08Russell Walden

01:08:09attacked Mayor Christopher

01:08:11for allowing the city

01:08:12to become a homosexual haven

01:08:15Walden's strategy

01:08:17backfired

01:08:17and Christopher

01:08:18was re-elected

01:08:19by a landslide

01:08:21but once elected

01:08:22Christopher declared war

01:08:24on the Black Cat

01:08:24and other gay bars

01:08:26the bar owners

01:08:28organized themselves

01:08:28into a tavern guild

01:08:30and began to fight back

01:08:31charging the police

01:08:32with extortion

01:08:34well the tavern guild

01:08:35they had an effect

01:08:37because politicians

01:08:38in the city

01:08:39began to realize

01:08:40that there was

01:08:41a gay voting bloc

01:08:43though it wasn't

01:08:44it didn't develop

01:08:45as such

01:08:46during that period of time

01:08:48they lost in court

01:08:49and turned to the ballot box

01:08:51they ran the Black Cat

01:08:53star attraction

01:08:54the Nightingale

01:08:55of Montgomery Street

01:08:56Jose Serria

01:08:57for city supervisor

01:09:13we had a campaign

01:09:15to vote for Jose

01:09:16and I think he got

01:09:17something like

01:09:188,000 votes

01:09:19what they were trying

01:09:20to do was to show

01:09:21the gay strength

01:09:23and it really didn't work

01:09:24because even then

01:09:25and a secret ballot

01:09:27and everything

01:09:28people were afraid

01:09:29to vote for Jose

01:09:30because it was

01:09:30a gay candidate

01:09:31I've always told people

01:09:33especially the young ones

01:09:34there's nothing wrong

01:09:36in being gay

01:09:37absolutely nothing

01:09:39getting caught

01:09:40is where you pay

01:09:41the price

01:09:43the fantastic effort

01:09:44that went on

01:09:45that did the groundwork

01:09:46for a lot

01:09:47of the gay freedoms

01:09:48we have

01:09:49in our city today

01:09:50in our country

01:09:51and in our culture

01:09:52and a lot of it

01:09:53did get going

01:09:54before Stonewall

01:09:55but it was groundwork

01:09:59let us all stand

01:10:01and for one more time

01:10:04give thanks

01:10:06for what we are

01:10:09God save us

01:10:12deathly queen

01:10:14God save us

01:10:17deathly queen

01:10:33God save us

01:10:37deathly queens

01:10:39God save us

01:10:44queens

01:11:11the black power

01:11:13and the civil rights movement

01:11:14of the late 50s

01:11:16and the 60s

01:11:18was the prototype

01:11:18of every single

01:11:19liberation movement

01:11:20in this country

01:11:21that we are still

01:11:22dealing with

01:11:22the crowd occupies

01:11:24every inch on the lawns

01:11:25and under the trees

01:11:26and there's a great

01:11:27swell of cheers

01:11:28to welcome

01:11:29Martin Luther King

01:11:30to the speaker's podium

01:11:31the man who stands

01:11:32as a symbol

01:11:33of all they are fighting for

01:11:35I have a dream

01:11:38that one day

01:11:40this nation will rise up

01:11:43live out the true meaning

01:11:45of its creed

01:11:46African Americans said

01:11:48no more

01:11:49they refused to hide

01:11:50behind the stereotypes

01:11:51that we were supposed to have

01:11:53and we said

01:11:53no good

01:11:54no good

01:11:56you know

01:11:57and then everybody

01:11:58got the feeling

01:11:58whatever their oppression was

01:12:00well maybe I don't have

01:12:01to take this either

01:12:02I think that the connections

01:12:03between black liberation

01:12:05and women's liberation

01:12:06and gay liberation

01:12:08are very deep

01:12:10many of us

01:12:11who went south

01:12:11to work with Dr. King

01:12:13in the 60s

01:12:15were gay

01:12:16I remember a plane

01:12:18going down from Chicago

01:12:19there were six priests

01:12:20and three of us were gay

01:12:21a lot of gay people

01:12:24who could not come out

01:12:26for their own liberation

01:12:28could invest those same energies

01:12:31in the liberation

01:12:32of black people

01:12:33you need to begin with

01:12:35a movement

01:12:35which is what

01:12:36black power

01:12:37and the civil rights movement was

01:12:38then immediately within it

01:12:40you are going to get

01:12:41those people

01:12:42whose differences

01:12:43are not being articulated

01:12:45which is right us

01:12:46so then there is

01:12:48immediately

01:12:48another step

01:12:50in the 60s

01:12:51there was a distinct change

01:12:52in the temper

01:12:53and the tempo

01:12:54of the gay movement

01:12:57partly as a result

01:12:58of the black civil rights movement

01:13:00militancy

01:13:01we began to get more militant

01:13:03in the gay movement

01:13:04we began to see

01:13:05that the problem

01:13:07of homosexuality

01:13:08is not really

01:13:08gay people's problem

01:13:10it's a problem

01:13:10of the social attitudes

01:13:11of the people around us

01:13:13and we had to change

01:13:14their attitudes

01:13:15and that in turn

01:13:16would help us

01:13:17with our self image

01:13:18and the white gay people

01:13:19who had an investment

01:13:21in the civil rights movement

01:13:23had the experience

01:13:24by then

01:13:24of liberation movement

01:13:27of confrontational techniques

01:13:29of non-violent struggle

01:13:32and began to use them

01:13:34these same techniques

01:13:35on behalf of their own movement

01:13:381965 was our big picketing year

01:13:40we had marched across the street

01:13:42and there was

01:13:43and proceeded to picket

01:13:44right over there

01:13:45for two hours

01:13:46we had no idea

01:13:47what the police would do

01:13:48or how they would behave

01:13:49so we scheduled the whole thing

01:13:51without any notice

01:13:52to anybody

01:13:52had nothing happen

01:13:53nobody threw rocks at us

01:13:54it was magnificently successful

01:13:56and the state department

01:13:58of course

01:13:58had been really

01:13:59zeroed in on

01:14:00by McCarthy

01:14:01a good 12-15 years before

01:14:03and that's where

01:14:04more firings

01:14:06I think had occurred

01:14:06than any other

01:14:07one single agency

01:14:08and so we felt

01:14:09it was appropriate

01:14:09to pick it

01:14:10by that time

01:14:11we had our procedures

01:14:13down pat

01:14:13has sent out a news release

01:14:15a week or so in advance

01:14:16and by sheer good luck

01:14:18secretary of state

01:14:19Rusk

01:14:20was having a news conference

01:14:22the night before

01:14:23well I understand

01:14:24that we're being picketed

01:14:25by a group

01:14:25of homosexuals

01:14:29the

01:14:31policy of the department

01:14:33is that we do not

01:14:33employ homosexuals

01:14:35knowingly

01:14:36and that if we discover

01:14:37homosexuals in our department

01:14:38we discharge them

01:14:39one of the major

01:14:40successes

01:14:41of the gay movement

01:14:42in the 1960s

01:14:44was our breakthrough

01:14:45into mainstream publicity

01:14:46according to

01:14:48Kinsey's estimate

01:14:49there are about

01:14:50200,000 homosexuals

01:14:52in the Los Angeles area

01:14:53we're going to talk

01:14:54about those people tonight

01:14:55and about the problem

01:14:56they present

01:14:56to the community at large

01:14:58you'll hear from

01:14:59a psychiatrist

01:14:59a police official

01:15:01and a homosexual

01:15:02your name please

01:15:03Curtis White

01:15:04your occupation

01:15:05I'm an office worker

01:15:06are you a homosexual

01:15:08Mr. White

01:15:08yes

01:15:09I'd like to ask you

01:15:10does your family

01:15:11know that you're

01:15:12a homosexual

01:15:13they didn't until tonight

01:15:15do you think they're

01:15:16likely to learn about

01:15:17your homosexuality

01:15:18as a result of this program

01:15:19I'm almost certain

01:15:20they will

01:15:21and I'm quite certain

01:15:23that I will probably

01:15:24lose my job

01:15:24as a result of the program

01:15:25too

01:15:26well then may I ask

01:15:27why you agreed

01:15:28to appear on this program

01:15:29I hope that

01:15:30through this means

01:15:31I can be of some use

01:15:32to someone else

01:15:33other than myself

01:15:34as much publicity

01:15:36as possible

01:15:36that was the whole idea

01:15:37to crack

01:15:38that shield

01:15:39of invisibility

01:15:40that had always

01:15:41made it difficult

01:15:42for us to get

01:15:43our message across

01:15:45the majority

01:15:46of gay people

01:15:48in the 60s

01:15:49were terribly concerned

01:15:50with the image

01:15:51of the homosexual

01:15:54the men had to wear

01:15:55suits and ties

01:15:56and the women

01:15:57all had to wear

01:15:57dresses and heels

01:15:59I think nylons even

01:16:02the more conservative

01:16:03elements

01:16:04their basic feeling

01:16:05was well

01:16:05we're fighting

01:16:06the federal government

01:16:07for jobs

01:16:08therefore we have

01:16:08to look employable

01:16:09by the federal government

01:16:11many of us

01:16:12accepted the idea

01:16:14that if we dress

01:16:14properly

01:16:16if we behave

01:16:17properly

01:16:17if we didn't

01:16:18make waves

01:16:19if we didn't

01:16:20draw attention

01:16:20to ourselves

01:16:21people would

01:16:22accept us

01:16:22by not knowing

01:16:24who we were

01:16:25and we gradually

01:16:26some of us

01:16:27began to

01:16:28take the position

01:16:29that we had

01:16:30to assert ourselves

01:16:31one of the more

01:16:32militant assertions

01:16:33put forward

01:16:34by Frank Kameny

01:16:35and other

01:16:36homosexual leaders

01:16:37was the idea

01:16:38that gay people

01:16:39were not mentally ill

01:16:40even within the movement

01:16:42this concept

01:16:43provoked intense debate

01:16:45it created

01:16:46quite a stir

01:16:47it's hard for young

01:16:49people today

01:16:49to imagine

01:16:50as little as

01:16:5120 years ago

01:16:53100 gay people

01:16:54sitting around

01:16:55arguing

01:16:55over whether or not

01:16:57they should say

01:16:58that they weren't

01:16:59mentally ill

01:17:00we can debate

01:17:02what is an illness

01:17:03or whether it is

01:17:05an illness or not

01:17:06I happen to

01:17:07subscribe to the

01:17:07belief that it is

01:17:08a tragic illness

01:17:10a neurosis

01:17:11the same as

01:17:12many other neuroses

01:17:13every psychiatric

01:17:14viewpoint

01:17:14treated homosexuality

01:17:16as psychologically

01:17:17pathological

01:17:18I taught that

01:17:21viewpoint

01:17:22until I learned better

01:17:24homosexuality

01:17:25as it was still

01:17:25called

01:17:26by the therapist

01:17:27was a character

01:17:28disorder

01:17:29my only hope

01:17:30of achieving

01:17:30quote health

01:17:32and

01:17:33my only hope

01:17:34of having a happy

01:17:35life

01:17:36was to change

01:17:36my sexual orientation

01:17:37and for

01:17:39as I remember

01:17:40nearly two years

01:17:42I not only went

01:17:43without sex

01:17:44but I gave up

01:17:45a lover

01:17:46a man I had been

01:17:47seeing at the time

01:17:48under the pressure

01:17:50of the group

01:17:50and see this process

01:17:52that you go through

01:17:54as a young lesbian

01:17:55of finding everything

01:17:56in society

01:17:57not fitting you

01:17:59you have a choice

01:18:00to become

01:18:03sick and mentally ill

01:18:04or to trust yourself

01:18:05and fly with that

01:18:06well I decided

01:18:09to trust myself

01:18:09and fly with that

01:18:10the assumption is

01:18:11that women

01:18:11shouldn't like math

01:18:13they shouldn't like science

01:18:14they're supposed to like

01:18:14only home economics

01:18:15when there are hundreds

01:18:17of thousands of women

01:18:17all over this country

01:18:18and all over the world

01:18:19who happen to like things

01:18:21they're not supposed to like

01:18:22and the day has come

01:18:23when we're you know

01:18:23we're going to like them

01:18:25we're going to do them

01:18:26we're going to take our freedom

01:18:27by any means necessary

01:18:28I think the women's movement

01:18:30provided a safe haven

01:18:32for a lot of women

01:18:34who were struggling

01:18:35with their sexuality

01:18:37and might not have even known

01:18:38they were struggling

01:18:39with their sexuality

01:18:40I didn't stay home

01:18:41and cook and have babies

01:18:42and marry a man

01:18:43and didn't identify

01:18:47in particular

01:18:47with people who did

01:18:49they knew that

01:18:50there was something

01:18:50different about them

01:18:51and they didn't quite

01:18:52fit out there

01:18:54in that heterosexual world

01:18:56and so they came into

01:18:57like I did

01:18:58came into the women's movement

01:18:59part of me came

01:19:01because the politics

01:19:02sounded right

01:19:02but there was a secret

01:19:03little part

01:19:04that said

01:19:05maybe I'll find

01:19:06a woman to love

01:19:07and I think that happened

01:19:08for a lot of women

01:19:09I know that many lesbians

01:19:11were the early beginnings

01:19:12of now

01:19:14and now was

01:19:15the women's movement then

01:19:16I mean that was it

01:19:17there was nothing else

01:19:18and yes

01:19:19the lesbians were

01:19:20in the forefront

01:19:21of the very beginning

01:19:22of now

01:19:23and still are

01:19:24except nobody knows

01:19:30when the hippies came on

01:19:32it was a real liberating thing

01:19:33because they started wearing

01:19:34whatever they wanted to

01:19:36and then that felt

01:19:37made gay people feel

01:19:39freer to do likewise

01:19:40the flower children

01:19:42came along in 1967

01:19:43and turned into

01:19:45the hippie movement

01:19:46and in one given day

01:19:49bouffant hairstyles went out

01:19:50and everyone was

01:19:51ironing their hair

01:19:52I mean it was

01:19:52you know

01:19:53boom boom

01:19:53the role playing

01:19:54was not as obvious

01:19:55it wasn't important

01:19:57everybody was just

01:19:58sort of turning

01:19:58into being a guy

01:19:59I think one of the things

01:20:01I realized

01:20:01in order for me

01:20:02to be homosexual

01:20:03it didn't mean

01:20:04that I was

01:20:05woman's replacement

01:20:06it didn't mean

01:20:06that I had to beat them

01:20:08it just meant

01:20:08that I was a guy

01:20:09who liked guys

01:20:11then all of a sudden

01:20:12Time Magazine

01:20:12comes out with this article

01:20:14San Francisco

01:20:15the city of love

01:20:16there's free love

01:20:17on the street

01:20:18don't you want

01:20:19somebody to love

01:20:21don't you need

01:20:22somebody to love

01:20:24don't you love

01:20:26somebody to love

01:20:28you gotta find

01:20:29somebody to love

01:20:36yeah it was a

01:20:37fascinating period

01:20:38actually

01:20:39there was an organization

01:20:41called the

01:20:42Psychedelic Venus Church

01:20:44in Berkeley

01:20:45which was

01:20:45a gay church

01:20:47and that organization

01:20:49used to co-sponsor

01:20:50parties in the city

01:20:51and they were

01:20:53orgies basically

01:20:54you would walk in

01:20:56and you could take

01:20:57your clothes off

01:20:57and kind of put them

01:20:58in a bag

01:20:59there'd be wine

01:21:00people would bring

01:21:00their grass in

01:21:01and what have you

01:21:02very very new scene

01:21:03certainly new to me

01:21:04and quite fascinating

01:21:05the revolution

01:21:06in this country

01:21:07is in fact

01:21:10people coming forth

01:21:12demand freedom

01:21:19the latter part

01:21:20of the 60s

01:21:21in gradually

01:21:21escalating fashion

01:21:23were a period

01:21:25of enormous

01:21:25ferment

01:21:32it was a period

01:21:34of enormous

01:21:35social turmoil

01:21:36which had its

01:21:37impact of course

01:21:38on gays as well

01:21:39we were living

01:21:39in the larger society

01:21:44in the black community

01:21:46it was really bad

01:21:47because almost

01:21:48every time

01:21:49you would walk

01:21:49out of the house

01:21:50you were being stopped

01:21:53I really think

01:21:54that it was

01:21:55the young gays

01:21:56that were putting up

01:21:56the biggest fight

01:21:58and it was sort of like

01:21:59well I guess

01:22:00it's okay to fight

01:22:01here are all outlaws

01:22:03in the eyes

01:22:04of america

01:22:09in order to survive

01:22:11we'd steal

01:22:12cheat life

01:22:13forged by kind

01:22:14and deed

01:22:18here I've seen

01:22:19lawless

01:22:20hideous

01:22:20dangerous

01:22:21dirty

01:22:21violent

01:22:34there was a very

01:22:37volatile act

01:22:37of political feeling

01:22:38especially among

01:22:40young people

01:22:40and of course

01:22:41when the night

01:22:42of the Stonewall

01:22:43riots came along

01:22:44just everything

01:22:45came together

01:22:46at that one moment

01:22:47people quite often

01:22:48asked well

01:22:49what was special

01:22:50about that night

01:22:51Friday June 27th

01:22:531969

01:22:54there was no one

01:22:55thing that was special

01:22:56about it

01:22:56it was just

01:22:57everything coming

01:22:58together

01:22:58one of those moments

01:22:59in history

01:23:00where if you were there

01:23:01you just knew

01:23:01this is it

01:23:03this is what

01:23:04we've been waiting

01:23:05for

01:23:15they decided

01:23:16you know

01:23:16we've had enough

01:23:17of this kind of thing

01:23:19we're going to fight

01:23:19back

01:23:20the patrons

01:23:21instead of

01:23:22timidly

01:23:22taking it

01:23:23they actually

01:23:24hurled rocks

01:23:25and bottles

01:23:26right back

01:23:26at the police

01:23:27and the rioting

01:23:28went on

01:23:29for a couple

01:23:30of days

01:23:32the Stonewall

01:23:33coming all the way

01:23:34up and down

01:23:34and in

01:23:35across the bottom

01:23:36well the next few

01:23:37nights really

01:23:38were a repetition

01:23:39of the rioting

01:23:40all of a sudden

01:23:41a lot of gay people

01:23:41would appear

01:23:42on the streets

01:23:42in this whole area

01:23:44not just in front

01:23:44of the Stonewall

01:23:45fire alarm boxes

01:23:46were pulled

01:23:46trash cans

01:23:48were set on fire

01:23:49there was a chance

01:23:50of gay power

01:23:50I remember that

01:23:51and they felt

01:23:51the injustice

01:23:52and it was that

01:23:53expression of feeling

01:23:54that radiated

01:23:55across the country

01:23:55it gave me the courage

01:23:57to also come out

01:23:58and say no more

01:23:59as far as my work

01:24:01was concerned

01:24:02as far as my private

01:24:03life is concerned

01:24:04and that's what

01:24:05I really became

01:24:06a gay activist

01:24:07and it was helped

01:24:08by that movement

01:24:09the spirit of that movement

01:24:11carried all the way

01:24:12out to the west coast

01:24:12wouldn't you agree

01:24:37the tide really turned

01:24:39at the time

01:24:40of Stonewall

01:24:41a large number

01:24:42of gay people

01:24:43who had not known

01:24:44about the movement

01:24:44before heard about it

01:24:46and said

01:24:47I'm going to join this

01:24:48or I'm going to start

01:24:50something of my own

01:24:51oh I'm not afraid

01:24:53to be me

01:24:54tell your sister

01:24:55tell your brother

01:24:56it's okay

01:24:57to love one another

01:24:58sing it aloud

01:25:00and gain a pride

01:25:09by joining and uniting

01:25:11all of us

01:25:11we have really

01:25:13gained power

01:25:14and even in small

01:25:16communities

01:25:17whether it's

01:25:18Kalamazoo

01:25:19or Timbuktu

01:25:20our voices are heard

01:25:22there

01:25:22and from the time

01:25:24of Stonehenge

01:25:25to Stonewall

01:25:26this has been the struggle

01:25:28and we're winning

01:25:31if your disposition's gay

01:25:33be mighty glad

01:25:35you're made that way

01:25:36don't frown

01:25:38cause your world's

01:25:39upside down

01:25:40why should you

01:25:42be thought a fool

01:25:44for not conforming

01:25:46to the rule

01:25:47it has

01:25:47its advantages

01:25:49abound

01:25:50now the ladies

01:25:52are the fairest sex

01:25:54as everybody knows

01:25:56their charms

01:25:57are emphasized

01:25:58in ads

01:25:59and even moving

01:26:00picture shows

01:26:02I can't convince

01:26:03the fellows

01:26:03I'm not happy

01:26:05in the head

01:26:06cause I'm saving

01:26:07all my kisses

01:26:08for the little

01:26:10girls instead

01:26:11mama nature

01:26:12played it smart

01:26:14when she tied

01:26:15a string around

01:26:16my heart

01:26:17and said

01:26:17no no no

01:26:18no to me

01:26:20my kind of

01:26:22loving's

01:26:23lots of fun

01:26:24but I'm glad

01:26:25when all is said

01:26:26and done

01:26:27there's no

01:26:27no responsibility

01:26:31now science

01:26:32claims that

01:26:33likes repel

01:26:34and opposites

01:26:35attract

01:26:36but since I've

01:26:38been in Hollywood

01:26:39I sure don't know

01:26:40that that's a fact

01:26:42when e'er I see

01:26:43a likely

01:26:44lassie

01:26:44swaying

01:26:45down the street

01:26:46I must curb

01:26:47my natural urge

01:26:48to whistle

01:26:49at each one

01:26:50I meet

01:26:51never act

01:26:52as though

01:26:53you mind

01:26:54if people

01:26:55sometimes

01:26:56seem unkind

01:26:56keep smiling

01:26:57though you

01:26:58may be blue

01:27:01and no matter

01:27:02what you are

01:27:03if you

01:27:04hit your wagon

01:27:05to a star

01:27:06you'll find

01:27:07your share

01:27:08of happiness

01:27:09too

01:27:10you'll find

01:27:11you'll find

01:27:12you'll find

01:27:15Merci.

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