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00:00What's going on? What's going on Zionistation? I wanted to see if you guys wanted to look up something else
00:03that's fun that I did a lot of research with, did a lot of research on. Yeah. Let's see. What
00:10is, give, give a brief, a brief overview, right? Overview of the main, of the, of, of, of haplogroups, of
00:24maternal, of maternal haplogroups, haplogroups.
00:30L zero through L. Is that right, Josh? L zero through L. What? Through L seven. And, and where, and
00:44where, where are they, where they come from, come from, and where they come from, where they come from, and
00:56where they come from.
01:03Maternal haplogroups, L zero through L seven, are branches of the human mitochondrial DNA, MTDNA tree. Because MTDNA is passed
01:12almost exclusively from mother to child, they trace the person's direct maternal line, mother to mother to mother, mother to
01:18mother's mother, and so on.
01:19All of L zero through L seven are fundamentally African lineages, representing some of the deepest branches of modern human
01:27maternal ancestry. Southern Africa, one of the, L zero, Southern Africa, one of the deepest branches of the human MTDNA
01:35tree, probably emerging around 120 to 150,000 years ago.
01:40So, particularly associated with Southern Africa, koi sand populations, although branches occur farther east.
01:47Right. So, what's interesting about that, and we already talked about that, is here, we'll go back to that one.
01:54When did, when did, when did, did modern, modern Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens evolve?
02:02Right. We already talked about that, we did, and everyone remembers that.
02:14Okay. So, essentially, modern Homo sapiens anatomy appear in Africa.
02:19Well, 200,000 years ago, increasingly modern anatomy and behavior are widespread in Africa.
02:26100,000 to 70,000, some Homo sapiens began making substantial movements out of Africa.
02:33Yeah. Well, yeah, importantly, there wasn't a single moment when modern, almost modern humans appeared.
02:40Human evolution was gradual, and anatomical modernity developed over hundreds of thousands of years in different African populations.
02:46Right. So, they kind of, there isn't a clear line, right? So, yeah.
02:50So, could they be a, right, hold on a second.
02:56Right. So, that's the idea that I thought was interesting.
02:59L1, Central, West, Central Africa, very ancient, roughly 120 to 130, what does KYA mean?
03:181,000 years ago.
03:21Or, or Kentucky Youth Assembly, right.
03:24Today, especially associated with Central and West Central Africa, including some rainforest hunter-gatherer populations.
03:32L1, right. Okay.
03:33L2, West Central Africa, a major African lineage that probably expanded dramatically within the last 90,000 years, with later
03:41population expansions, particularly the Bantu expansion, making it widespread across sub-Saharan Africa.
03:48L3, East Africa, one of the most consequential maternal lineages in human history.
03:53It expanded in Africa, roughly 60 to 7 KYA, and gave rise to MNN, the maternal macro-haplogroups carried by
04:01most people outside Africa.
04:03Right.
04:07L4, East Africa, a relatively rare ancient African lineage, concentrated primarily in East Africa.
04:15It is a sister lineage within the broader L3, 4, 6 branch.
04:20L5, East Africa, Central Africa, an ancient, and relatively rare lineage.
04:24It is particularly associated with Mbuti and other Africa forager populations, with its highest diversity toward East Central Africa.
04:32L6, East Africa, another rare ancient African lineage primarily associated with East Africa.
04:39It branches alongside L3, L4, and L5 in the deeper African MTDNA tree.
04:45L7, East Africa, the newest major L lineage to be formally recognized.
04:50Described in 2022, it is estimated at roughly 100,000 years old, and is especially associated with the Sandawe of
04:57Tanzania.
04:58Right.
04:59Right.
05:02A simplified version of the maternal tree looks something like L0, ancient, southern African branch.
05:09L1 through 6, broader African branch.
05:11So there, these, I think that's interesting.
05:13These people exist, but they're a completely different branching of the human maternal DNA tree than everyone else in Africa
05:22and outside of Africa.
05:24Yeah, that's enough to say about that.
05:27Right.
05:29One important point.
05:31L7 was only formally separated from L5 in recent phylogenetic work.
05:35Older DNA databases and studies, therefore sometimes classified what we now recognize as L7 under other L branches.
05:42Right.
05:43Isn't that interesting, Nicolana Jones?
05:45No, it's not, Josh.
05:46I think it is.
05:47I think it is.
05:50So, what's another question you could ask if you wanted to be racist?
05:55Well, you could ask it on Grok.
05:56I don't know if they would ask it on...
06:01If you could ask it on ChatGPT.
06:03Right.
06:03Maybe you wouldn't ask it in public.
06:04Like, well, nah, let's not ask any questions like that.
06:07I'm sorry.
06:09Anyway.
06:12Well, well...
06:14Well, did early...
06:15Did early humans...
06:17Humans look more like...
06:19Look more like...
06:20Look more like L0.
06:22More like people from the L0.
06:30L0 haplogroup.
06:34Hapologroup.
06:35Or...
06:36Or other...
06:38Or other L haplogroups.
06:48It's not Hapolo, is it?
07:02If by early humans you mean early Homo sapiens, the answer is...
07:05We can't say they look specifically like modern L0 people.
07:08Or any particular modern haplogroup population.
07:13L0 is extremely ancient.
07:14And some of its branches are especially common among southern African koi sand populations.
07:20But modern L0 carriers have undergone tens of thousands of years of evolution and population history since their maternal ancestors
07:27lived.
07:28The same is true of L1 through L7.
07:31A haplogroup tells you about one tiny lineage.
07:34Your mother's...
07:34Mother's...
07:35Mother's line...
07:40Early Homo sapiens in Africa probably showed considerable regional variation in skin pigmentation, facial morphology, hair, and body proportions.
07:51The earliest modern humans were African.
07:52Am I a Nazi?
07:53No, I'm not.
07:54But the Nazis ate shit.
07:57The earliest modern humans were African, but they would not necessarily have looked exactly like any present-day African population.
08:04Modern populations are not living fossils.
08:07Right, yeah, that's the truth.
08:09Right, that's the truth.
08:12There is, however, an interesting connection.
08:14L0 and other deeply branching African MT DNA lineages preserve some of the oldest maternal genetic branches still found today.
08:22That makes L0 particularly useful for studying ancient population history, but not for reconstructing what the first Homo sapiens looked
08:29like.
08:38Anyway, Robert says don't ask any more about that.
08:40What's one more interesting question to ask?
08:42What division of the L3 haplogroup do Tasmanian aboriginals come from?
08:55Right.
08:56Aboriginals come from.
08:57Yeah, I wanted to know about that at one point.
09:03Right.
09:05Tasmanian aboriginal people do not descend from a particular branch of L3 directly.
09:09Their maternal lineages are descendants of L3 through its two major daughter branches, M and N, which left Africa roughly
09:1950,000 to 70,000 years ago.
09:21For Tasmania specifically, the picture is interesting.
09:24M lineages.
09:24Aboriginal Australians have indigenous M branches, such as M42A slash M42C, but these are primarily documented on mainland Australia rather
09:34than Tasmania.
09:35N lineages.
09:36Tasmania has evidence of S, an Australian-specific mitochondrial lineage derived from N.
09:42S is estimated to have diversified around 59,000 to 51,000 years ago.
09:47Tasmania also has P, which is technically a branch of R, and R is itself a descendant of N.
09:53A Tasmanian P lineage contributed to the recognition of Australian-specific P11.
09:58So the simplified maternal pathway is, anyway, how about this one?
10:07What, what maternal, what specific, specific maternal haplogroup, haplogroup, group, branching.
10:26Branching, branching to Israeli, Israeli Jews, Jews most often carry.
10:35That's an interesting one.
10:39If you're asking about Israeli Jews as a whole, there isn't one single maternal haplogroup that dominates, because Israel's Jewish
10:46population includes Ashkenazi, Mizrahi, Sephardi, Yemenite, Ethiopian, and other communities.
10:55But if you're particularly interested in Ashkenazi Jews, the maternal, those are European Jews, right?
11:00Those are the European Jews, the blonde-haired, right?
11:03The maternal picture is unusually concentrated.
11:06K, roughly 30 to 32% major studies.
11:08The most important branches are K1A, 1B, 1A, slash K1A, 1B, 1A, A1, right?
11:17Right, 19 to 20% of Ashkenazi maternal lines.
11:20Anyway, right, what's that?
11:25Oh, so they come from Africa L3, through N, through R, through R0, through HV, through H.
11:31Wait, what?
11:33K ultimately descends from N.
11:35Right, so Jews come from Africa L3 too.
11:37Right.
11:39Anyway.
11:42Oh, we'll leave it right there.
11:43Right there, Josh.
11:44Thank you, Jeremy.