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Do you wanna know the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle of space? Or why is space dark? Is Milky Way visible from Earth? Scientists keep an eye on the Galaxy and observe what's going on there. Sometimes the events leave them with even more questions than before! Something tore a hole in Milky Way Galaxy and vanished! ? Scientist still can't find that mysterious object. Let's explore how it was possible...
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00:00Our Sun is an average-sized star, and still, it could fit 1,300,000 Earths.
00:07The star is also 333,000 times as heavy as our planet.
00:12NASA has translated radio waves created by planets' atmospheres into audible sounds.
00:19That's how astronomers found out that Neptune sounds like ocean waves.
00:24Jupiter, like being underwater.
00:25And Saturn's voice resembles background music to a horror movie.
00:30Here on Earth, it's bebop jazz.
00:33Now I made that up.
00:35The Sun's surface is scorching hot, but a bolt of lightning is five times hotter.
00:42Earth gets struck by 100 lightning bolts every second,
00:45which results in 8 million lightning strikes a day and around 3 billion a year.
00:51Ooh, shocking!
00:53If you manage to go to the Moon one day and see fresh footprints,
00:57that doesn't mean there's someone else there with you.
01:01Footprints, or similar marks, can last for a million years over there.
01:05Because the Moon doesn't have an atmosphere.
01:08There are no winds, not even a breeze, that can slowly erase those footprints.
01:14Astronomers have found the largest hole we've ever seen in the Universe.
01:18It's the giant void that spreads a billion light-years across.
01:23They found it accidentally.
01:25One of the research team members was a little bored
01:27and wanted to check how things are going in the direction of the cold spot.
01:32That's an anomaly in the Cosmic Microwave Background Map, or CMB for short.
01:37It's a faint glow of light that falls on our planet from different directions and fills the Universe.
01:43It's been streaming through space for almost 14 billion years
01:46as the afterglow that occurred after the Big Bang.
01:51So, you'll fall right into the heart of the black hole and prepare for a sad end.
01:56Well, you don't have to.
01:58Falling into a black hole won't necessarily destroy you or your spaceship.
02:03You have to choose a bigger black hole to survive.
02:07If you fall into a small black hole, its event horizon is too narrow,
02:11and the gravity increases every inch down.
02:14So, if you extend your arm forward,
02:17the gravity on your fingers is much stronger than on your elbow.
02:20This will make your hand lengthen,
02:22and you'll feel some discomfort.
02:24Rather significant, to be honest.
02:27Things change if you fall into a supermassive black hole,
02:30like the ones in the center of galaxies.
02:32They can be millions of times heavier than the sun.
02:36Their event horizon is wide,
02:38and the gravity doesn't change as quickly.
02:40So, the force you'll feel at your heels and at the top of your head will be about the same.
02:45And you can go all the way to the heart of the black hole.
02:48This myth is busted.
02:51If you watch a very touching movie in space and start crying,
02:55your tears won't run down.
02:57They will gather around the eyeballs.
03:00Your eyes will get too dry, so you'll feel like they're burning.
03:04Any exposed liquid on your body will vaporize,
03:07including the surfaces of your tongue.
03:10Speaking of burning,
03:11that's one thing fire can't do in space.
03:13Fire can spread when there's a flow of oxygen.
03:16And since there's not any in space, well…
03:21Once they explode, stars aren't supposed to come back to life.
03:25But some of the stars somehow have survived the great supernova explosion.
03:30Such zombie stars are pretty rare.
03:33Scientists found a really big one called LP40365.
03:37It's a partially burned white dwarf.
03:40A white dwarf is a star that burned up all of the hydrogen.
03:44And that hydrogen was previously its nuclear fuel.
03:48In this case, the final explosion was maybe weaker than it usually is.
03:52Not powerful enough to destroy the entire star.
03:56It's like a star wanted to explode but didn't make it.
04:00Which is why part of the matter still survived.
04:03If you ever go into space,
04:05don't take off your spacesuit unless you're on a spaceship.
04:08Air in your lungs would expand,
04:10as well as the oxygen in the rest of your body.
04:13You'd be like a balloon, twice your regular size.
04:17Good news, the skin is elastic enough to hold you together,
04:20which means you wouldn't explode.
04:22Small comfort.
04:24When something goes into a black hole,
04:26it changes shape and gets stretched out just like spaghetti.
04:30This happens because gravitational force
04:33is trying to stretch an object in one direction,
04:35but at the same time, squeeze it into another.
04:39Like a pasta paradox.
04:41Speaking of, a black hole that's as big as a single atom
04:44has the mass of a really big mountain.
04:48There's one at the center of the Milky Way,
04:50called Sagittarius A.
04:52It has a mass like for a billion suns.
04:55But luckily, it's far away from us.
04:59If you made a big boom on an asteroid,
05:02you'd never be able to hear its loud sound.
05:05Yes, we often hear the sound of spaceships
05:07and battles in space in the movies,
05:09but that's just a myth.
05:12Sound is a wave that spreads
05:13because of the vibrations of molecules.
05:16A person claps a few feet away from you,
05:19the sound wave begins to push the first air molecule
05:21next to the clap,
05:23then the second, third, and so on,
05:25until the wave reaches your ear.
05:27So, to spread sound,
05:29we need molecules like air or water.
05:31In our atmosphere,
05:33sound waves spread out just fine,
05:35but space is a vacuum,
05:36so it's nothing here.
05:38You can clap your hands loudly there,
05:41but there just won't be any molecules
05:42that can vibrate and carry that sound.
05:45So, to carry on a conversation,
05:47you'd either need a radio
05:49or really good lip-reading skills.
05:53Meteoroids orbit the sun,
05:55while the majority of human-made debris
05:57orbits our planet.
05:58For example,
06:00we launched almost 9,000 spacecraft
06:02around the world
06:03from satellites to rocket ships.
06:05Even the tiniest pieces
06:07can damage a spacecraft
06:08at such high speeds.
06:11Galaxies, planets, comets,
06:13asteroids, stars, space bodies
06:15are things we can actually see in space.
06:18But they make up less than 5%
06:20of the total universe.
06:22Dark matter,
06:23one of the biggest mysteries in space,
06:25is the name we use
06:26for all the mass in the universe
06:28that's still invisible to us.
06:30And there's a lot of it.
06:32It may even make 25% of the universe.
06:35Dark energy makes the other
06:3670% of the universe.
06:38Hmm, that adds up to 100, right?
06:42Now, let's look at the moon.
06:43It always looks at us
06:45with one side.
06:47This means the moon has a dark side,
06:49and the sun's rays never get there.
06:51Well, that's a myth.
06:53The whole point is that the moon
06:55is gravitationally locked to the Earth.
06:57There are days and nights there, too.
06:59It's just that this rotation
07:01is perfectly aligned
07:02with the rotation of the Earth.
07:04So, whenever you look at the moon,
07:06you only see one side.
07:08Although there are days
07:09when the sun shines there, too,
07:11so it's not the dark side,
07:12it's the far side.
07:14And we even have pictures of this place.
07:17And there's one of the biggest craters
07:18in our entire solar system.
07:20The South Pole-Aitken Basin
07:23is as wide as two states of Texas.
07:26Yeehaw!
07:27One myth that turned out to be untrue
07:30is that people have never
07:31actually been on the moon.
07:34This is the original space suit
07:36of the first astronauts who were there.
07:38Look at the sole of the shoe.
07:39Some people claim there's no way
07:41they could have left footprints
07:42like this there.
07:44Actually, they could.
07:45On the moon,
07:46the astronauts wore extra boots
07:48over their suits,
07:49and their soles matched the footprints
07:51on the moon perfectly.
07:53Now, the astronauts didn't need them
07:55when they left the moon
07:56and tossed them
07:57when the moonwalk was over.
07:58They left a lot of stuff there, too.
08:01They even tossed the armrests
08:03of the seats in the lunar module
08:04to reduce the weight.
08:05Now, counting all the Apollo lunar missions,
08:08the total weight of rubbish
08:09on the moon
08:10is approximately 187 tons,
08:13including several lunar rovers,
08:15spacecraft debris,
08:17six lunar modules,
08:18and all the experiments left behind.
08:21That's like three Boeing 737s.
08:24Another myth about the sun
08:25is that it's yellow.
08:27Let's send you into space
08:28for this one.
08:29You look out the window,
08:30and it's white.
08:32The sun only appears yellow to us
08:34through the filter of our atmosphere.
08:36The composition of the air
08:37and its thickness
08:38just distorts the light of the star.
08:40But stars do come in different colors.
08:43Cooler stars have bright orange and red colors.
08:46These are usually very old stars,
08:49older than our sun.
08:50But young and very hot stars
08:52are bright blue.
08:53The sun is about in the middle
08:55of this spectrum.
08:57Oh, one more myth about asteroids.
08:59We need to fly a little farther
09:01than Mars' orbit.
09:02Whoa, we're in an asteroid belt,
09:05and we constantly have to dodge
09:07giant rocks and blocks of ice.
09:09We got in some dense asteroid clouds.
09:12Hmm, not true.
09:13The fact is that space is huge,
09:16and the distances are incredible.
09:18All the rocks and debris
09:20in the asteroid belt
09:21are only 4% of the weight of the moon.
09:24So there really aren't
09:25that many of them there.
09:27To understand the dimension
09:28of the emptiness in space,
09:30look at the collision of two galaxies.
09:32There are billions of stars
09:34in each of them.
09:35If we mix them up,
09:36it's unlikely there will be
09:38any collisions even here.
09:43When astronomers started a project
09:45that was organized
09:46to create a detailed 3D map
09:48of our galaxy,
09:49they didn't expect to find
09:50anything surprising.
09:51But that's exactly what happened.
09:55Earlier in that year,
09:57Harvard scientist Dr. Anna Bonacca
09:59noticed a weird disturbance
10:01in our galaxy's stellar streams.
10:03A stellar stream
10:05is a line of stars
10:06that are moving together
10:07through galaxies.
10:08The stellar stream
10:09we're talking about
10:10is called GD1,
10:12and it's stretched
10:13in an impressive line
10:14across our sky.
10:15This stream used to be
10:17a cohesive line
10:18stretched by the gravity
10:20of our galaxy.
10:21One day,
10:22Dr. Bonacca noticed
10:23a gap in it,
10:24and this gap
10:25had a strange ragged edge.
10:27In fact,
10:29it looked like something
10:30terrifyingly huge
10:31recently plunged
10:33through the stellar stream.
10:34The sheer force
10:35of this object's gravity
10:37was so great
10:38that it managed
10:39to drag stars
10:40in its wake.
10:41The most shocking thing
10:42was that the telescopes
10:44simply failed
10:45to find the source
10:46of the damage.
10:47But then,
10:47what could this
10:48unseen bullet be?
10:50One theory suggests
10:51that the intruder
10:52is a stray star.
10:54But,
10:55according to Dr. Bonacca,
10:56the hole is way bigger
10:58than any existing star.
11:00It'd have to be
11:01a million times
11:02more massive
11:03than our sun.
11:04Okay,
11:04so what if the hole
11:06in the Milky Way
11:06was torn
11:07by a supermassive
11:09black hole,
11:10like the one
11:10that dwells
11:11in the center
11:11of our galaxy?
11:12If these two black holes
11:14got too close,
11:15they wouldn't be able
11:16to escape
11:17each other's gravity.
11:18A collision
11:19might be inevitable.
11:20Then,
11:21the stronger
11:21of the two holes
11:22would consume
11:23the weaker one.
11:24And one huge,
11:25super-mighty
11:26black hole
11:27would appear.
11:27But people have yet
11:28to witness
11:29a collision
11:30of black holes.
11:31Plus,
11:32scientists can't predict
11:33the consequences
11:34of such a merge,
11:35even though they've
11:36simulated it
11:37on powerful computers.
11:38The only obvious fact is
11:40that it would produce
11:41incredible amounts
11:42of energy.
11:43Huge ripples
11:44would travel
11:45through the entire universe,
11:47bound to hit
11:48our planet eventually.
11:49Then again,
11:50two black holes
11:51in one galaxy
11:52might refuse
11:53to merge.
11:54Imagine this,
11:55a super-massive
11:57black hole
11:57hundreds of millions
11:58of times
11:59the mass of the sun
12:00is spinning
12:01in the center
12:02of the Milky Way
12:02at a phenomenal speed.
12:04Another spinning
12:05black hole
12:06approaches ours.
12:08What do you think
12:09will happen?
12:10Right,
12:10one of the holes,
12:11most likely the intruder,
12:13will get kicked out
12:14and sent hurtling away
12:15like a frisbee
12:16flying through space.
12:17And who can guarantee
12:19that it wouldn't head
12:20toward the Earth?
12:21Luckily for us,
12:23there aren't any
12:23super-massive black holes
12:25in the vicinity,
12:25so this theory
12:26fails to explain
12:27the mysterious
12:28bullet hole phenomenon.
12:30Dr. Bonaka
12:31still doesn't rule out
12:32the possibility
12:33that the intruder
12:34is some kind of
12:35luminous,
12:35star-like object.
12:37After tearing a hole
12:38in the Milky Way,
12:39it could be hiding
12:40somewhere in the galaxy.
12:42But again,
12:43it seems highly unlikely
12:44because of the object's
12:45huge size.
12:46I mean,
12:47we're talking
12:4830 to 65
12:49light-years across.
12:51In any case,
12:52it's hard to predict
12:53where it would have
12:53ended up
12:54if it were
12:54a luminous object.
12:56The intruder
12:57could have been moving
12:57at an incredibly
12:58high speed
12:59and wouldn't have
13:00to be very massive
13:01to tear a hole
13:02in the stellar stream.
13:04Or,
13:04it could have been
13:05moving more slowly
13:06but be very heavy.
13:08But the astronomers
13:09don't know
13:10which option it was.
13:11That's why
13:12it's next to impossible
13:13to predict
13:14where it ended up.
13:17The notorious
13:18Bermuda Triangle
13:19in the North Atlantic Ocean
13:21makes people,
13:22ships,
13:22and airplanes
13:23vanish into thin air.
13:26Some experts
13:27blame bad weather conditions.
13:29Others are sure
13:30the reason
13:31is heavy traffic
13:32in the area
13:33and human error.
13:35Many people
13:36believe in
13:37conspiracy theories,
13:38aliens,
13:39the lost city
13:40of Atlantis,
13:40or even a massive
13:41meteorite lying
13:42on the ocean floor.
13:43There are also those
13:45who deny there's
13:46anything unusual
13:47about the triangle.
13:48And still,
13:49the mystery remains.
13:53But few people
13:54know that the
13:55South Atlantic Ocean
13:56has an enigma
13:57of its own.
13:58Well,
13:58not the ocean itself,
14:00but a patch of space
14:01above this area.
14:03It's dubbed
14:04the Bermuda Triangle
14:05of space,
14:06or
14:07the South Atlantic Anomaly.
14:09There,
14:10Earth's protection
14:11against solar radiation
14:12is much weaker
14:14than anywhere else.
14:15When spacecraft
14:16get into this region,
14:17all kinds of
14:18serious problems
14:19occur to them.
14:20For example,
14:21their equipment
14:22can fail
14:23or break down
14:24out of the blue.
14:25When NASA
14:26was launching
14:27its $2.5 billion
14:29Perseverance rover
14:30in July 2020,
14:32the space agency
14:33planners had to
14:34do their best
14:34to avoid
14:35the Space Bermuda Triangle.
14:37Otherwise,
14:38it could have
14:38easily wreaked havoc
14:40on the spacecraft
14:40headed for Mars.
14:43This bizarre region
14:45stretches from
14:46Zimbabwe
14:47to Chile.
14:48The anomaly itself
14:50seems to be connected
14:51with one of the
14:52two Van Allen
14:53radiation belts.
14:54These belts
14:55are zones
14:56of intense radiation
14:57that comes
14:58from the solar wind.
15:00Charged particles
15:01get caught
15:01by our planet's
15:02magnetic field.
15:03They form
15:04two rings
15:05that surround Earth,
15:06stretching from
15:07400 to 36,000 miles
15:10above the surface.
15:11The inner Van Allen
15:12belt is made up
15:14of mostly protons,
15:15while the outer
15:16is mainly electrons.
15:18By trapping
15:18the particles,
15:19the two belts
15:20protect you
15:21and our planet
15:22from getting harmed
15:23by solar radiation.
15:25The South Atlantic
15:27anomaly lies
15:28in the region
15:28where the inner
15:29Van Allen belt
15:30comes very close
15:31to the planet's surface.
15:33In this place,
15:34Earth's magnetic field
15:36is especially weak.
15:37Nothing prevents
15:39cosmic rays
15:39from reaching as far
15:40as a mere
15:41120 miles
15:42above the surface.
15:44The more solar radiation,
15:46the more high-energy
15:47particles gather
15:48over the South Atlantic Ocean.
15:50The problem is
15:51that this radiation
15:52hotspot sits so low
15:54that many satellites
15:55have to travel through it
15:57while following
15:57their orbits.
15:58There,
15:59they get bombarded
16:00by protons
16:01at a speed of
16:0218,000 hits
16:03per square inch
16:04per second.
16:05No wonder it affects
16:06all the electronic systems
16:08on board the spacecraft.
16:09For example,
16:11the Hubble telescope
16:12passes through
16:12the Space Bermuda Triangle
16:14more than 10 times a day,
16:15and it can't collect information
16:18when it's in that region.
16:20If the equipment
16:21isn't put into safe mode,
16:23all spacecraft systems
16:25can fail.
16:26Plus,
16:26the more complicated
16:28electronics become,
16:29the more problems occur
16:30in the area
16:31of the South Atlantic anomaly,
16:33and the more costly
16:34the damage is.
16:38The SpaceX CRS-1
16:40Dragon spacecraft
16:41almost went out of control
16:42in October 2012.
16:45Attached to the
16:46International Space Station,
16:47it had serious problems
16:49while passing through
16:50the magnetic anomaly.
16:51Luckily,
16:52those issues
16:53were short-lived.
16:55In March 2016,
16:57the Japan
16:58Aerospace Exploration Agency
17:00lost contact
17:01with its satellite,
17:02Hitomi.
17:03It was launched
17:04about a month before
17:05to study processes
17:06happening in the universe.
17:08Later,
17:09it was found out
17:10that the spacecraft
17:10had broken into pieces
17:12and crashed down to Earth.
17:15One of the motion sensors
17:17reported that the satellite
17:19was rotating.
17:20But in reality,
17:21it was stable.
17:22When the control system
17:23tried to prevent
17:24the unwanted
17:25and non-existent spin,
17:27the spacecraft
17:28fell to pieces.
17:30This accident
17:32cost almost
17:32$280 million
17:33and three years
17:35of preparation.
17:37But,
17:37returning to the Earth's
17:38magnetic field,
17:39why is it weaker
17:41above the South Atlantic Ocean?
17:42Rather than being
17:44a perfect sphere,
17:45our planet
17:46bulges in the middle.
17:47If you measured
17:48Earth's diameter
17:49at the equator,
17:50it would be
17:5027 miles wider
17:52than the pole-to-pole one.
17:54In the areas
17:55where there's a dip,
17:56charged particles
17:57from space
17:58can get closer
17:59to our planet's surface.
18:00The magnetic field
18:02is created
18:02when liquid metals
18:03flow in our planet's
18:05outer core.
18:06This generates
18:07electric currents
18:08and also gives Earth
18:09its South
18:10and North poles.
18:11But these poles
18:12aren't constant
18:13because our planet's
18:14magnetic field
18:15is constantly shifting.
18:17Sometimes,
18:18it's getting weaker
18:19and,
18:20at other times,
18:21it's growing stronger.
18:24Right now,
18:25the Earth's magnetic field
18:26is weakening.
18:27This process started
18:29more than
18:291,000 years ago.
18:31Scientists don't deny
18:33that one day,
18:34Earth's magnetic poles
18:35might flip.
18:36Then,
18:37the North pole
18:38will become the South
18:39and vice versa.
18:41Such a phenomenon
18:42has been happening
18:43all the way
18:43throughout the history
18:45of our planet.
18:45The last time,
18:47it occurred
18:47around 780,000 years ago.
18:50Experts are still unsure
18:52if such a flip
18:53is going to happen
18:54this time.
18:55After all,
18:55it's not an instant change.
18:57This long process
18:59can even reverse
19:00all of a sudden.
19:01Something like that
19:02happened 40,000 years ago.
19:04At that time,
19:05Earth was really close
19:07to renaming
19:08its North magnetic pole
19:09to the South.
19:10But that brisk event
19:11turned out to be
19:12not a full reversal.
19:16While scientists
19:17were trying to figure out
19:18how long
19:19the South Atlantic anomaly
19:20had been around,
19:21they made a curious
19:22geological discovery.
19:24It showed
19:25what our planet's
19:26magnetic field
19:27looked like
19:27several thousand years ago.
19:30The Bantu people
19:31were a tribe
19:32of ancient Africans
19:33who lived about
19:341,000 years ago
19:36in the region
19:36of the Limpopo River Valley.
19:39Nowadays,
19:40this area
19:40is inside
19:41the South Atlantic anomaly.
19:43Bantu people
19:44had an odd ritual.
19:46During droughts,
19:47they burned
19:48their own clay huts.
19:49They hoped
19:50such a sacrifice
19:51would make it rain.
19:52But when clay
19:53burned at high temperatures,
19:54the magnetic minerals
19:56in it
19:57aligned
19:57with Earth's
19:58magnetic field.
19:59That's why
20:00when the substance
20:01cooled down,
20:02the minerals
20:03showed the planet's
20:04magnetic field pattern.
20:06It helped
20:07the scientists
20:08learn that
20:08the process
20:09of the weakening
20:10of the magnetosphere
20:11started long ago.
20:14The clay patterns
20:15even specified
20:16certain periods of time
20:17when the process
20:18was especially active.
20:20400 to 450 CE,
20:22700 to 750 CE,
20:24and 1225 to 1550 CE.
20:28Even better,
20:30the researchers
20:30likely found
20:31the answer
20:32to the mystery
20:33of the Space
20:33Bermuda Triangle.
20:35They noticed
20:36there was something
20:36unusual
20:37about the boundary
20:38lying between
20:39our planet's
20:40silicate mantle
20:41and its liquid
20:42iron-nickel
20:43outer core.
20:44This region
20:45is almost
20:451,800 miles
20:47beneath Earth's surface,
20:48and that's
20:49where a huge
20:50reservoir
20:51of super-dense
20:52rock sits.
20:53Some experts
20:54state that
20:55the thing
20:55might be
20:56tens of millions
20:57of years old
20:57and thousands
20:58of miles wide.
21:01It's not
21:02100% clear
21:03how a rock,
21:04even if it's
21:05that big,
21:06can interfere
21:07with the magnetic
21:08field of the
21:08entire planet.
21:09It might be
21:11because it's
21:11located right
21:12between Earth's
21:13boiling outer core
21:14and the mantle,
21:15which is much
21:16stiffer and cooler.
21:18The enormous
21:19boulder might be
21:20disturbing the
21:21layer of iron,
21:22and it's the
21:23very thing that
21:24helps to form
21:25our planet's
21:26magnetic field.
21:27Whatever the
21:28reason is,
21:29exactly under
21:30Africa, the
21:31magnetic field
21:32is reversed,
21:33and that's what's
21:34likely to cause
21:35the anomaly
21:36that affects
21:36spacecraft.
21:38At first,
21:39the scientists
21:40thought their
21:41discovery meant
21:42the magnetic field
21:43was about to
21:43flip again.
21:44If it was true,
21:45our planet would
21:47go through
21:47several catastrophic
21:48events.
21:49The continents
21:50would start to
21:51lurch in different
21:51directions.
21:52It would trigger
21:53catastrophic earthquakes,
21:55lead to the
21:56disappearance of
21:56many species,
21:57and provoke
21:58climate changes.
22:02Luckily,
22:03there's no evidence
22:04that the consequences
22:05of the pole reversal
22:06would be that bad.
22:07Even better,
22:08it might not
22:09happen at all.
22:12After more research,
22:13it became clear
22:14that the Bermuda
22:15Triangle of space
22:16isn't a sign of an
22:18upcoming pole reversal.
22:19The events taking
22:20place under the
22:21continent are more
22:22likely to be part
22:23of a bigger scale
22:24pattern.
22:26But the South
22:27Atlantic anomaly
22:28is scary enough
22:29on its own.
22:30If this area
22:31keeps growing,
22:32it'll cause problems
22:34not only in space,
22:35but also on Earth.
22:37Computers and other
22:38electronic equipment
22:39will fail or stop
22:41working altogether.
22:42Right now,
22:44the radiation
22:44is less intense
22:45in the lower layers
22:46of the anomaly
22:47than in its upper part.
22:49But over the past
22:50150 years,
22:52the magnetic field
22:53in the region
22:53has lost more than
22:5515% of its strength.
22:57It doesn't mean
22:58Earth will be left
22:59unprotected from
23:00the Sun's radiation
23:01in the nearest future.
23:02Experts are sure
23:03this won't happen
23:04for at least
23:05another billion years.
23:07Plus,
23:08some kind of magnetic field
23:09always existed
23:10during the times
23:11of the magnetic
23:12poles reversal,
23:13even though it was
23:14weaker and more
23:15complicated than
23:16the modern one.
23:17dive in and
23:18as soon as