00:00Hello everyone, I am Swami Akeshi and we are at Asian Institute of Medical Sciences and we have Dr. Rohit
00:06Kaushil.
00:07Hello sir, how are you?
00:09Thank you, I am fine.
00:10So my first question is, what are the most common things, urological problems you see on the youngsters nowadays?
00:18See, youngsters, either male or female, they both of us come to us and they have different set of problems.
00:24When the male patients come to us who are young, like in their 20s or 30s, they mostly come with
00:30their problem related to the genitalia.
00:32In the form of either they have some irritable dysfunction or some physical problems like tight foreskin problems or some
00:39abnormal penile curvatures or some swelling in their genital area or in their testicles.
00:44Whereas the females who come to us, mostly the youngsters, they come often with symptoms of frequency of urination, they
00:51have to get up too many times in the night.
00:52Or sometimes they come with recurrent urinary tract infections.
00:55So these are the common symptoms which most of the youngsters, both male and female, present to us in our
01:00OPD.
01:01So dehydration and holding too much urine, are these the reasons for that?
01:08Absolutely.
01:09A good hydration status is very important to maintain a good urinary system and urinary tract function.
01:14As well as people who hold their urine for too long, they are prone to risk of urinary tract infections
01:19as well as weakening of their bladder.
01:21So they should not do this on a regular basis.
01:25Which urinary symptoms should not be avoided?
01:28There are many urinary symptoms if you say, especially in youngsters, especially if they are coming to us,
01:32symptoms of burning sensation in urination or presence of pus or we call as pyuria, ganda urine, turbid urine.
01:41If it is appearing or blood in the urine is coming, so they must immediately consult their urologist at the
01:47earliest
01:48to get their self further investigated and treated accordingly.
01:51Why kidney stone are becoming common? What are the main causes?
01:55Formation of kidney stones most of the time is idiopathic.
01:59Many times we have seen in clinical practice we are unable to find any cause.
02:02But most of the Indian patients, they are not drinking enough adequate water.
02:09Their fluid intake is very less.
02:12More so, there are some professions, for example, surgeons and people who are working in critical areas.
02:17They are not drinking adequate amount of water.
02:20So I think this is one of the very important reasons for developing kidney stones.
02:23Apart from that, there are other reasons as well.
02:26There can be genetic factors, people who are consuming a lot of non-vegetarian foods.
02:30They are also prone to recurrent urinary tract infections.
02:34As well as there are some other disorders in which there are glands.
02:37There is a gland in our neck that is known as a paratherot gland.
02:40If it functions excessively, it may also lead to stone formation.
02:44So there are multiple reasons for formation.
02:47So what precautions can be taken for this?
02:49A healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, adequate hydration,
02:54drinking a lot of fruits orally and getting yourself regular check-up.
03:00At least on an annual basis is very important.
03:02I think every individual must get an annual health check-up
03:05to detect these disorders and formation of kidney stones at an early stage
03:09when treatment can be given and their kidneys can be saved.
03:12So only drinking adequate water is only enough or we need to add on diet on it?
03:19In general, what we advise to these patients is that
03:22drinking adequate fruits is equally important
03:24as well as avoiding excess of salt in their food should be avoided.
03:28Too much of green leafy vegetables should be avoided.
03:32Nuts, excess of coffee and caffeinated beverages should be avoided.
03:36And they should always go for a regular health check-up.
03:40For men crossing 40s and particularly 50s,
03:43they should die to know about prostate health.
03:47Yeah, prostate is a gland which is present only in the males
03:51and till age of 45 and 50 it is very dormant.
03:54It enlarges but very slowly.
03:56But yes, after 50 years of age,
03:58the prostate gland starts enlarging in size gradually
04:01and then they start causing symptoms in these males.
04:05So they must consult the urologist if they develop
04:07new urinary symptoms like going to toilet very frequently
04:10or getting up in the night very frequently
04:13or their stream is becoming narrow
04:15or they are facing some burning sensation,
04:18repeated urinary infections.
04:19So all the symptoms,
04:20they warrant that they should come
04:22and meet the urologist at the earliest.
04:24So how do you distinguish normal aging
04:26from symptoms that need medical attention?
04:29See, many people get confused
04:31that their urinary symptoms are a part of normal aging.
04:33Yes, it may be a part of normal aging,
04:35but they must consult a urologist
04:37to at least rule out the important diseases
04:40like prostate cancer and other disease
04:42which may masquerade as a part of aging.
04:45So they must come forward
04:46even in the when they were slightest of the change
04:49in the urinary symptoms,
04:50they must consult the urologist
04:51and get their self-evaluated.
04:54So when should men start discussing
04:56prostate screening with their doctors?
04:59After age of 50 years,
05:00mostly people should come
05:01and have an annual health checkup
05:03and they face any urinary symptoms
05:05or if they are having any families
05:08to a prostate cancer
05:09or any other in the grandfather
05:12or in the father,
05:12they must come forward
05:13and get their self-evaluated.
05:16Many men feel that,
05:17they feel embarrassing to express them.
05:20How can you say that they are embarrassed?
05:23How can you treat them?
05:25See, these patients,
05:26we always consult privately.
05:28We discuss their urinary symptoms
05:30as well as associated sexual symptoms
05:32also because many men
05:33at this age are sexually active.
05:34So we discuss their problems
05:37in a private manner
05:39and we advise them
05:40in the treatment
05:41and investigations accordingly.
05:43So it is good they are embarrassed
05:45or it is non...
05:46No, they should not get embarrassed
05:48because symptoms,
05:48because having a symptom
05:50does not mean
05:50they have to be embarrassed.
05:52It needs attention
05:53and it needs treatment.
05:54So they should come forward
05:56and get themselves evaluated.
05:58And what are the dangers
05:59of taking performance
06:00enhancing medicines
06:01or supplements
06:02without medical advice?
06:03Yeah.
06:04Many of the supplements
06:06actually contain steroids
06:07or anabolic steroids
06:08and some testosterone supplements
06:10all those things
06:11which are now coming up.
06:12So these medicines
06:13are harmful
06:14in the sense
06:15that they may lead to
06:17infertility in the males
06:18and they may lead
06:20to the testicle atrophy
06:21and the hormonal dysfunction.
06:23So they should not
06:24take this medication
06:25without a doctor's consultation
06:26because they have
06:27these medications
06:28are known to have
06:29an adverse effect
06:30on their sexual performance
06:31as well as on their
06:34fertility status.
06:36Urological problems
06:37are often discussed
06:38as a men issue
06:39but women also suffer
06:40from urinary tract infection.
06:42True.
06:43It's absolutely true.
06:44Women are actually
06:45tend to have
06:47more of recurrent
06:47urinary tract infections.
06:49They tend to have
06:50more of overactive bladder
06:51disorders
06:52and they tend to have
06:55more of sexual problems.
06:56So they also
06:57should come forward
06:59and discuss
06:59their concerns
07:01with the urologist
07:01and get themselves
07:02evaluated.
07:03They should take
07:04self-predication first
07:05or should go to doctor?
07:07No.
07:07Obviously they should
07:08come to the doctor first
07:09because there are
07:10many symptoms
07:10which may occur
07:13in various diseases.
07:15So the patients
07:15cannot differentiate
07:16the symptoms
07:16are occurring
07:17because of which symptoms.
07:19Like for example
07:19a patient with a kidney stone
07:21can have burning sensation
07:22urine,
07:23can have fever.
07:24Similarly a patient
07:25without a kidney stone
07:25can also have
07:26a similar symptom.
07:27So it's very difficult
07:27to differentiate
07:28on a symptom basis.
07:29So it needs
07:30adequate consultation
07:32by urologist,
07:33adequate tests.
07:34So for this
07:35they must consult
07:36the urologist
07:37and then accordingly
07:37we should investigate them.
07:39Okay.
07:40My last question is
07:41can you give us
07:41a health rule book
07:44in which you can add
07:46what should be avoided,
07:47what should be added
07:48in diet
07:48and everything
07:49for that people?
07:50Yeah.
07:50So I think
07:50in general
07:52a healthy balanced diet
07:53full of fresh fruits,
07:55vegetables,
07:55moderate quantity
07:56intake of non-vegetarian
07:58food in your diet
08:00and a healthy lifestyle,
08:01regular physical activity,
08:03drinking adequate amount
08:04of fluids
08:05and walking
08:07or running
08:08at least for 20-30 minutes
08:09daily
08:09and a regular health checkup.
08:11This all things
08:12I should emphasize
08:13that every individual
08:14must do
08:15in order to have
08:16a healthy urinary system.
08:19and anything
08:20that they should not eat
08:23or any food
08:24they should avoid.
08:25See excess of anything
08:26is bad
08:27like we always say.
08:29So excess of anything,
08:29excess of non-vegetarian food,
08:31excess of liquids
08:31like some people
08:32we have seen
08:33we advise drink
08:34plenty of foods
08:34they are drinking
08:358 to 9 litres of water
08:36and then they have to go
08:37to toilet very frequently.
08:38So excess of anything
08:39is bad.
08:40Yes,
08:41in moderation
08:41everything is good
08:42they should do
08:43physical activity
08:44they should be eating
08:45all foodstuffs
08:46which they like
08:46but yes
08:47not in excess.
08:48So drinking plenty
08:50of water
08:50is also not good.
08:51Yes
08:52like we generally
08:53advise them
08:54to drink
08:55around 2 and a half
08:56to 3 litres
08:56of fluids
08:57per day
08:58that is good enough
08:58for an average
08:59Indian male
09:00or a female
09:01for men
09:02and women
09:02both.
09:03For women both.
09:04What are the
09:05symptoms of
09:05prostate cancer
09:06and how
09:07and when
09:08they have to be cured?
09:10See
09:10prostate cancer
09:11symptoms
09:12can occur
09:13as a
09:14normal part
09:15of aging
09:15for example
09:16like I told you
09:16it could be
09:17frequency of urination
09:18getting up
09:19too many times
09:20in the night
09:20to pass urine
09:21or they could be
09:22burning sensation
09:23in urine
09:23blood in urine
09:24so these all
09:25symptoms also
09:25happen in
09:26benign enlargement
09:27of prostate
09:27which is an
09:28aging process
09:29of males
09:30so it cannot be
09:31differentiated
09:31only on the
09:32basis of symptoms
09:33yes
09:34in advanced
09:34stage of prostate
09:35cancer
09:35patients can
09:36present with
09:37bony pains
09:37or cough
09:38chronic cough
09:39or blood in urine
09:40but in the
09:41early stage of
09:41prostate cancer
09:42it is very
09:42difficult to
09:43identify a patient
09:44of prostate cancer
09:45just solely
09:46based on his
09:46symptoms
09:46so they must
09:48consult a
09:48urologist
09:49to get their
09:49history
09:50get their
09:50questions
09:51their symptoms
09:52evaluated
09:53to get a
09:54physical examination
09:55which we
09:55classically do
09:56our digital
09:56rectal examination
09:57to feel the
09:58prostate gland
09:58and then we
09:59investigate on
10:00the lines of
10:01prostate cancer
10:01like the PSA
10:02blood test
10:02and if needed
10:04we also go for
10:04a MRI of the
10:05prostate gland
10:06and other test
10:07as deemed
10:08necessary
10:09ok so it was
10:10nice talking to
10:11you
10:11thank you
10:11so much
10:12thank you
10:12thank you
10:12thank you
10:12so much
10:13thank you
10:17झाल झाल
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