Physics Has Left the Building: 7 Phenomena That Make Scientists Blush

Beyond What We Know

Ready to see physics get turned upside down? In this episode, we showcase mind-bending objects, impossible experiments, and mysteries that stump even the brightest scientists. From molten lead “magic” to perpetual batteries and galactic puzzles, you won’t believe your eyes! Hit subscribe for more wild science, and tell us in the comments which moment blew your mind! #science #physics #experiment #space #mystery  👉 This channel was created in collaboration with https://www.youtube.com/@kramola_online  0:00 - Introduction and Defying Physics 0:28 - Molten Lead and Leidenfrost Effect 1:22 - Controlling Droplets and Applications 2:17 - Perpetual Motion and Karpin's Battery 3:59 - Turning Solids into Sponges 4:58 - The Tippe Top and Unsolved Toys 6:29 - Warp Drives and Space Exploration 8:02 - Dark Matter and Broken Physics Paradigms

Transcript

00:00The substances, phenomena, and objects you'll see in this episode not only spark the imagination,

00:06but also make the entire scientific world frown in disapproval. After all, they encroach on the

00:12most sacred thing, the laws of physics, which are supposed to explain reality. But often,

00:18such explanations don't stand up to any criticism. So, get ready to be amazed.

00:23The most astonishing things, as usual, are at the end of the episode. Let's go.

00:29What comes to mind when you hear molten lead? Well, at the very least, it's hot. Some people

00:35might have even heard about medieval torture involving it. The melting point of lead is

00:41relatively low compared to other metals. It's just 327.5 degrees. For example, aluminum melts at 660

00:52degrees. But is it possible to put your hand in it without pain? It turns out, it is.

00:59You just need to wet your hand before dipping it into the lead. The water instantly evaporates and

01:05creates a safety cushion that prevents burns. Only for one second, but still.

01:10These amazing shots are possible thanks to the Leidenfrost effect.

01:14It's the same effect that makes a drop of water dance on a hot frying pan. Let's move on.

01:22Chinese scientists recently managed to trick the laws of physics. They learned how to control the

01:28bounce of a falling drop and spin it in the direction they want. The researchers applied a

01:34fluorinated nonstick coating to aluminum plates. It's similar to the kind used in making frying pans.

01:41And they partially expose them to ultraviolet radiation. The areas treated with ultraviolet

01:48rays retain moisture, while the zones that are not exposed to this radiation repel it.

01:53Thanks to this, the droplet spins in any direction, seemingly defying all the laws of physics.

01:59Its rotation speed is, just think about it, 7300 revolutions per minute inute. Well,

02:07you might wonder, who needs spinning droplets? They can actually have quite practical applications.

02:12For example, in the production of self-cleaning surfaces.

02:17The impossibility of creating a perpetual motion machine is explained by the first and second laws

02:22of thermodynamics. Nevertheless, the line of inventors will never end. Starting from 1775,

02:29when the Paris Academy of Sciences stopped considering perpetual motion machine projects,

02:33many of these perpetual motion projects still, contrary to the laws of physics, have the audacity

02:39to work. For example, the battery of the Romanian engineer Nicolai Vasilescu-Karpin,

02:44who invented his device in 1950. His battery still works today and has been running for 71 years and

02:52is kept in the National Technical Museum of Romania. Although the design of this battery was patented a long

02:57time ago, scientists still do not know exactly how and on what principles this device works.

03:03Karpin's battery has a scientific name, a thermoelectric battery operating at a constant

03:08temperature. But that doesn't really explain anything to anyone. The existence of this battery

03:15is considered an unscientific fact in scientific circles, because a perpetual motion machine cannot

03:20exist from the point of view of modern science. The prototype consists of two galvanic cells.

03:26They drive a galvanometric motor and a switch that, with every half turn of the motor,

03:31closes the circuit and then opens it again. The rotation time of the motor is carefully selected

03:39so that it is enough for the galvanic cell to fully recharge while also reversing its polarity.

03:45According to the inventor's idea, the purpose of the motor and the plate was only to demonstrate

03:51that the batteries actually continue to constantly generate electricity.

03:56The motor and the plate are not needed for anything else. Another unique technology that violates the

04:02laws of physics was created by scientists at the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois.

04:07It allows solid objects to be turned into sponge-like structures.

04:11The researchers took zinc cyanide, which is used in metal electroplating, and placed it in a diamond

04:17anvil cell. Then they applied a substantial pressure of 9,000 to 18,000 atmospheres. As a result,

04:24the solid material turned into a sponge-like structure, which, from the perspective of modern

04:30physics, is nonsense. By placing different liquids around the material under pressure,

04:34the scientists managed to identify five new phases of matter. The different types of liquids determined

04:40the shape of the pores in that sponge-like structure. This is the first time that under

04:45the influence of so-called hydrostatic pressure, it was possible to turn a solid material into a porous

04:50structure. It's roughly the same as squeezing a stone like a sponge. Moreover, the structure itself,

04:55the structure of the sponge, is very strong. Another violation of the laws of physics is the tippetop.

05:01The spinning top, a children's toy, has been known since ancient times. Even though it's impossible to

05:08make a stationary top stand on its pointed end, a spinning top can remain upright for several minutes.

05:15Spinning tops, like other rotating bodies, acquire what is called angular momentum. Angular

05:22momentum reproduces the rotational force. It causes the axis of the spinning top to maintain its tilt

05:29angle relative to the vertical and to make oscillatory movements. In physics, this is called precession.

05:36The Chinese top, or Thompson's top as it is also called, works a little differently. The top is spun

05:43by its stem. Once it starts spinning, the top loses stability and its stem tilts away from its original

05:49vertical position. As a result, the top flips over and continues to spin steadily but only on its stem.

05:57But what's wrong with the tippetop? It was developed by the Japanese scientist Tadashi Tokieda. It looks

06:03like just a piece of some pipe. However, this little tube has puzzled quite a few scientists.

06:10If you spin this top in one direction, it will eventually stand up on its stem,

06:14just like a regular Chinese top. But if you spin it in the other direction, that won't happen.

06:20So far, scientists have not been able to explain such an unusual property of this device despite

06:26the undeniable Newton's laws and other patriarchs of physics. Alright, we've played enough. Now let's

06:31move on to more serious things. Space flights. Nowadays, science has made significant progress in

06:38creating space probes and launching all sorts of things into near-Earth space. But to start exploring

06:44space more actively, we need to be able to travel through it quickly enough. For that, a warp drive

06:50would be quite suitable. Its principle of operation is that it compresses space and time in front of

06:57the shuttle and expands it behind it. That is, a ship equipped with such an engine will distort space,

07:03shortening the distance to its destination. During the flight, the ship will hover in a kind of bubble.

07:08It sounds like a banal and not very well thought out plot of a sci-fi blockbuster. However, that's not

07:15the case. NASA and the China National Space Administration have already made significant

07:20progress in this area. Well, at least they've started working on it. They have conducted

07:24successful experiments in creating a device that reflects microwaves within the space around it

07:30and does not require fuel. According to NASA representatives, this electromagnetic drive is

07:36capable of delivering a spacecraft with astronauts to the moon in just a couple of hours or reducing

07:41the travel time to Mars to 70 days. It sounds impressive. But it will probably be a long time

07:47before we see what comes of all this. After all, before breaking through space with bubbles at the

07:53airfield. We first need to at least understand what this very space we're trying to manipulate actually

07:58is. And that's where science has problems. About 90 percent, in fact. Take our very best knowledge

08:04about gravity. Apply it to the rotation of a galaxy and flush it all down the toilet. Because that

08:10knowledge just doesn't work here. According to the accepted theory, galaxies should fall apart.

08:17Galactic matter rotates around the central point because its gravitational pull creates centripetal force.

08:23But there's not enough mass to account for the observed rotation in galaxies.

08:29The best answer physicists could give was to assume that there is more matter in the universe than we

08:35can observe. The problem was that no one could explain what this dark matter actually is. Because this

08:42phenomenon can't be explained by the existing laws. Astronomical observations indicate that dark matter

08:49must make up about 90 percent of the mass of the universe. But we know almost nothing about this 90

08:56percent.

08:57Despite this, scientists are still trying to study dark matter. And the results of these studies are

09:03pushing global science further away from the familiar laws of physics. As the general theory of relativity,

09:09imposed on the scientific world, states gravity distorts space and time. Today, this theory

09:15successfully explains the expansion of the universe, the existence of black holes, and the movement of

09:20light from distant stars. But technical capabilities are growing and factual information is accumulating,

09:26constantly throwing a wrench into the convenient system that suits everyone.

09:30Thus, a group of scientists from the Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe in Japan,

09:35led by Jackie Hikago, created a 3D map of dark matter throughout the history of the universe,

09:40based on the analysis of images of more than a million galaxies.

09:43They analyzed images of 10 million galaxies taken with the 8 meter Subaru telescope equipped with an 870 megapixel camera.

09:52The image is certainly beautiful, but here's how the Japanese scientist cautiously put it.

09:57If further data show that we are indeed correct, then it means that something is missing in our current

10:02understanding of the standard model and general theory of relativity.

10:07Well, since we're talking about dark matter, let's talk about black holes. By the way, we have a separate episode

10:12about that.

10:12We recommend checking it out. But right now, here's what I want to say.

10:15Not so long ago, the Hubble Space Telescope captured an unusual black hole in the center

10:20of a galaxy in the Virgo constellation under this number.

10:23The thing is, the light coming from it doesn't match the size and type of the object.

10:29It turns out that this black hole, by its very existence, contradicts the known laws of physics.

10:35Most large galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their center, but some revolve around lighter,

10:41intermediate-mass objects. And this galaxy is centered around one of the less massive black holes,

10:48but the spectrum of light coming from it contradicts everything we know about objects of this type.

10:53In short, the scientists' calculations don't add up, and they're in a bit of a panic. At this rate,

11:00more and more facts, even from academic scientists themselves, are piling up to the point where it's

11:06becoming harder and harder to stick to the commonly accepted Einsteinian paradigm.

11:11By the way, we also recommend watching our previous episode about Einstein.

11:15It looks like the scientific elite will soon have to admit that what worked and was so beneficial for

11:20decades has long since broken down, and it's time to stop misleading people. But how soon will that

11:26actually happen? Anyway, we hope you enjoyed the video. Let us know in the comments which phenomena

11:32and objects you'd like to learn more about, and we'll think about how to make it happen. See you next

11:36time.

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