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Empire State of Mind is a two-part television documentary presented by British journalist and author Sathnam Sanghera, exploring how the legacy of the British Empire shapes modern Britain.
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00:04O que é isso?
00:30O que é isso?
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02:30O que é isso?
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02:38O que é isso?
02:50O que é isso?
02:52O que é isso?
02:53para algumas pessoas que são apenas interessantes e intelectual debates.
02:58Ok.
02:59Você tem que ter essa sensação, não é?
03:01Para eles, é apenas banter.
03:03Mas para nós...
03:05É personal.
03:06É realmente depresenta e personal.
03:07Sim.
03:08Se você tiver pessoas falando sobre suas experiências,
03:13você pode encontrar que as pessoas são muito rápidas para isso.
03:17Mas quando chega em paz e racismo,
03:20todo mundo fica muito protegido de sua história,
03:23e é quase como dizer,
03:23o que você percebeu é errado.
03:26E isso é o problema com tudo que tem a ver com Empire.
03:29Tudo fica muito emocionante muito rápido.
03:31Sim.
03:31Eu aprendi a maneira de lidar com os meus sentimentos em público.
03:34Ok.
03:35Mas, pessoalmente,
03:36eu get muito, muito, muito, muito, muito, muito.
03:39Eu me lembro de vergonha,
03:42quando esse assunto vem com amigos.
03:44Sim.
03:45Eu tenho que mudar o assunto,
03:46porque se vai acontecer, eu vou chorar.
03:48Eu não posso falar sobre isso.
03:49Eu vou chorar.
03:54Eu vou chorar.
03:55eu vou trazer os aspectos escuros do Empire,
03:57porque eu quero evitar conversas difíceis.
04:00O prédio e o patriarismo surgem rapidamente,
04:03porque o Empire é visto como uma empresa benignada
04:06que brilha a democracia, justa e a cristianidade
04:09para muitos países do mundo.
04:14dentro desse grande Empire,
04:16que há cerca de 400 anos tão grande na história,
04:20vive 500 milhões de pessoas.
04:22do mundo.
04:23Under o seu proteger,
04:24uma das milhares de milhares co-existent,
04:26juntas de ideais e tradições,
04:30symbolizadas pelo o ombro.
04:36O que é o Empire,
04:37que inclui uma quarta de toda a terra
04:39e toda a pessoas do mundo,
04:41que dá a Britão a posição de uma primeira-class poder.
04:48A BRITANCE
04:49Reconhecionada
04:49A BRITANCE
04:49O que foi que era e o Central queじamos
04:544,500 anos atrás,
04:56quando os dias tornamos
04:57para o norte-o no meio e procurando
04:59e na América do Sul
05:00e na América do Sul.
05:03Então,
05:04a base de dinas e do Canadá
05:05na Área Área
05:06estava no Brasil
05:06Assim que as pessoas
05:07usavam milhares de milhares
05:09de votos,
05:10gerando enorme poderes
05:11emigas.
05:12E estabilize-se
05:13como a world super-power.
05:18O empire peaked in the early 20th century,
05:21mas foi bem into decline after World War II.
05:28Para mim, como um filho de imigrantes de Punjab,
05:31o empire não é apenas apenas um capítulo de história,
05:34mas algo muito vivo e pessoal.
05:39Isso é porque um dos legais é racismo.
05:49O que é isso?
05:50As pessoas me chamam de me de volta,
05:51dizendo que me voltam de onde eu vim.
05:52Eu pensei que eu ia dar o seu sucesso,
05:54e eu volto para Wolverhampton.
05:59Você sempre sabe que você está na Midlands
06:00quando você vê o primeiro número de número de número de asianas.
06:06S1NGH.
06:07Todo mundo quer isso.
06:16Nós estamos no Parque Village, onde eu cresci,
06:18e onde meus pais se mudaram quando eles emigraram
06:21para Wolverhampton.
06:22e muitos de minha família estão aqui.
06:25Eu estou aqui para conhecer meu irmão, Jaz.
06:28Eu estou entusiasmado para saber o que ele faz de isso,
06:29porque ele não foi aqui para 30 anos.
06:33E aí?
06:34Olá, sim.
06:36Olá, sim.
06:53Olá, sim.
06:58Olá, sim.
06:59Hoje, você viu meu doença.
07:00Esta éua 2018 por dia.
07:02Você viu nig elo лежitão IDA.
07:03Um filho de uso com a파-peira era caval��ou.
07:04Paraاد Awwras, meus ances violentos
07:05famíram, em de Paj tracked,
07:08são as growladas.
07:09Tela late de 60 anos,
07:11tenha morreu qual a fim do país.
07:14para fazer uma nova vida.
07:16Um dos primeiros que se descanse
07:18foi meu paterno-grandfather.
07:21Menga Singh,
07:22ele era o patriarca da família,
07:24meu pai, filho de 14 filhos.
07:27E ele trabalhava em seus 70s,
07:29fazendo trabalho em uma foundry.
07:32Ele também tinha no teeth.
07:33Nós fazíamos ele um sanduíche,
07:34como um sanduíche,
07:36e então ele dipia em tea
07:38para sofrer ele,
07:39para que ele pudesse.
07:40E eu comecei a copiar ele.
07:44Se você for descanse de uma família
07:46se for descanse de uma família?
07:48Eu não deveria ser descanse,
07:49mas eu não deveria realmente cará-lo.
07:53Eu fui para o bairro, você vê,
07:55e eu vi como eles vivem.
07:58Por que eles vivem?
08:00O tipo de comida eles usam?
08:02O tipo de qualidade eles usam.
08:02O tipo de qualidade eles usam.
08:06Os pessoas não permitiam ter casal-há.
08:08Há protestas sobre isso.
08:09Eles não permitiam ter casal-há.
08:12Eles usam de casal-há.
08:12Eles usam de casal-há.
08:15Então, eles foram acusados de criar casal-há.
08:19Ghetos como esses
08:20nos recordam a condição do empire.
08:24Durante o britânico em Indiá,
08:26também como o Raj,
08:27o colônia-há,
08:29desenvolveu políticas de casal-há.
08:31Para manter os níveis
08:32de casal-há.
08:35O país,
08:36os rastos,
08:37os rastos,
08:37os rastos,
08:37os rastos,
08:37os rastos,
08:38os rastos,
08:38os rastos,
08:38os rastos.
08:41Mas o britânico não começou a irá-há.
08:46O que começou a irá-há.
08:48Serão,
08:48É um repasado
08:49de belazinha.
08:52Mas,
08:53depois de contínio de colonizar outras países
08:55e de rompir ou resistências,
08:58100% senhores The britânico internalizá
08:59o que os rastosмоam
09:01ocorre inferior.
09:02E o racismo,
09:03com a sensação de s hep Santiago de vitro,
09:05fez um ser prazo de volta para a britânia.
09:10I hate them, I can't explain it, but something about Pakistan makes my blood just crawl
09:19Nearby, on Prosser Street, is the first house my parents bought, my childhood home
09:25I've got really fond memories of this place, but I'm aware that you guys, my older siblings, probably didn't
09:31Generally hated this place, and I remember my bedroom in particular had damp all over it
09:37The cockroaches were a massive problem, I remember
09:39Cockroaches were an issue
09:41I went to school one day, and took my shoes off for gym, and there were two cockroaches in my
09:46shoes
09:46I'm only just realising as a grown-up, how much racial violence there was all the time
09:50Yeah, and on the way to school, there would always be an issue, there would always be someone threatening you,
09:57attacking you
09:59I was coming home from school one day, and I got stabbed in the leg, and I came home, and
10:03mum was like, why have you cut yourself?
10:08It was almost normalised, wasn't it? It was like, actually, the National Front have a presence, and we need to
10:15be careful
10:17The founder of the National Front, a far-right fascist political party, was A.K. Chesterton
10:23He was a staunch imperialist, having previously led the League of Empire Loyalists, a group dedicated to stopping the dissolution
10:31of the Empire
10:33I joined the League of Empire Loyalists because I'm a patriot, and I believe that the British Empire is essential
10:40for the continued survival of the British people
10:43As support for the National Front grew, Paki bashing became the norm
10:57There were many brutal incidents, including murders
11:01There was also a widespread fear of brown and black immigrants arriving in the motherland, and an ignorance about their
11:08right to be here
11:14Hello, so I'm Satinam, this is my brother Jas
11:17Yeah, good to meet you
11:18Hello
11:18So we used to live here 30 years ago
11:21Oh, yeah
11:21And so how long have you been here?
11:24I've been here about 48 years
11:27I guess this area changed a lot in those 48 years
11:30Yeah, there's a lot of people from other countries living down there, and they don't know where we live
11:37It's all totally different, isn't it, the way they live, you know
11:39But I guess people said that about us as well, though, because we were, the Asians were the first immigration
11:45group here, right?
11:45Yeah, yeah
11:46And now there's a new immigration group
11:47But they were very friendly, and they were always speaking, you know what I mean, which was nice
11:52Right
11:53And they were very clean, yeah
11:55Can you understand why we came?
11:58But I think they came from looking for work, didn't they?
12:01Yeah, but I guess they also came because they were citizens of empire
12:05Yeah
12:05And that made them citizens of Britain so they could come
12:08Yeah
12:08But I think people forget that sometimes
12:10Well, I'm not really into none of that, you see, so I don't really understand that, you know
12:15What I'm realising is there was all sorts of macro stuff happening around us, which was awful
12:24And a lot of it has a long history, way back into empire
12:28The racism, the employment discrimination, the housing discrimination, the racial violence, the colour bar
12:35The way we were segregated in this town
12:37And that stuff has taken me an entire lifetime to really understand what was going on
12:52Those whom the gods wish to destroy, they first make mad
12:59We must be mad
13:02My family's arrival in Wolverhampton was set against the backdrop
13:07Of arguably the most famous anti-immigrant speech in British history
13:11It was made by local MP Enoch Powell
13:15His words have haunted me ever since
13:18Overseas
13:20In this country, in 15 or 20 years' time
13:25The black man will have the whip hand over the white man
13:30He's talking about the black man having the whip over the white man
13:35And that's an imperial image, that's a reversal of the image of slavery and colonialism, right?
13:40Enoch Powell was an ardent imperialist
13:43An ambitious army man who served out in the Raj
13:46And dreamt of ruling India as a viceroy
13:48White supremacy came naturally to him
13:51He described Indians as having an insubordinate nature
13:56And a dumb, almost animal civility
14:00At this moment, 20 to 30 additional immigrant children
14:06Are arriving from overseas
14:09In Wolverhampton alone
14:12Every week
14:13He's talking about immigrant children like me
14:17And he was saying our existence was going to end up with destroying Britain
14:22It is like watching a nation
14:25Busily engaged in heaping up its own funeral pyre
14:32Powell's hostility towards immigrants sent a shockwave through Britain
14:35As did his later call for their repatriation
14:38That call stood in stark opposition to the Nationality Act of 1948
14:43Enacted 20 years earlier
14:46It granted anyone born in a British colony the rights of a British citizen
14:51Giving over 500 million people the ability to emigrate here
15:00Powell's potent anti-immigrant message
15:02Motivated by a desire to protect the purity of British culture
15:06Struck a chord with certain sections of the population at the time
15:14Even though he was discredited as a racist
15:17Many politicians have since recycled Powell's anti-immigrant message
15:21Sometimes implicitly
15:23Sometimes explicitly
15:26People are really rather afraid
15:28That this country might be rather swamped
15:31By people with a different culture
15:33Yesterday, this poster
15:35Apparently about immigration
15:36Unveiled by Nigel
15:38I'm in Wolverhampton to meet with Bill Etheridge
15:41A former member of the European Parliament
15:43And now an advisor to UKIP
15:45The UK Independence Party
15:48Hi Bill
15:49Hi
15:49Nice to meet you
15:50Nice to meet you
15:52He, like me, grew up here
15:55My parents arrived in Wolverhampton a few months after Enoch Powell
15:59Had made his famous Rivers of Blood speech
16:01How do you remember that speech and its legacy?
16:04Undoubtedly, by our standards of today
16:06He was a racist
16:07Who had dreadful views about people
16:10Which are, in the past, they're prehistoric
16:12They are from not just another century
16:14Another world
16:16And that's gone
16:17That's gone as much as the old colonial ethos
16:20It's all gone
16:20I don't think he has gone
16:21I think
16:22It's just found a more polite face
16:25I did a search for you on Twitter this morning
16:28Because I'm a journalist
16:28Yeah
16:29And there's so many messages from people saying
16:31Bill Etheridge, he's a racist
16:33Probably hundreds of thousands of them
16:35Probably
16:36So what do you think about that?
16:37I mean
16:37I think they're wronged
16:38And I think they haven't met me
16:41Among the material I found on Bill
16:42Was a photograph of him
16:44With the White Pendragons
16:47It's a far-right group
16:48Whose members define themselves
16:50As Brexiteers
16:51Islamophobes
16:52White supremacists
16:53And imperialists
16:54One of his leaders
16:56Called Enoch Powell
16:57Their patron
16:58And inspiration
17:00You spoke at an event
17:02Organised by the White Pendragons
17:03I think
17:03It's a group
17:05Run by a convicted racist
17:06I spoke at an event
17:08It wasn't organised by them
17:10They were there
17:12At that event
17:13As many events
17:14When you speak at things
17:15Doesn't mean that you are
17:17The same as the bloke
17:18Stood next to you
17:19I guess on your Twitter account
17:20You look pretty friendly
17:21In that picture
17:22With the White Pendragons
17:24Yeah well
17:25I am friendly with people
17:26I'm a friendly guy
17:28Can I be brutally honest?
17:30Please
17:30There's no way for me to know
17:32What's in your heart
17:33I ultimately can't know
17:34What you believe
17:35But my worry is
17:37That
17:39What you show
17:40Is that white supremacy
17:42Has become mainstream
17:43And you're a very affable guy
17:44And yet
17:44It's quite possible
17:45You have some horrendous views
17:47Of the kind that I grew up around
17:49In the 80s
17:50You can believe me
17:51Or not believe me
17:51And I can't persuade you
17:52One way or the other
17:53But I've been as open
17:53And honest with you
17:54As I possibly could be
17:59Bill Etheridge was pro-Brexit
18:01So were the majority
18:03Of British voters
18:05Some felt Brexit
18:07Would liberate Britain
18:08From EU regulations
18:09Others
18:10That it would end
18:11Mass immigration
18:12From Europe
18:13I think
18:14It also came
18:15From a sense
18:15That our greatness
18:16As a nation
18:17Which came from empire
18:18Had been lost
18:22You can see this
18:23In the language
18:23Politicians used
18:25To support Brexit
18:26We cannot be
18:27A colony
18:28Of the European Union
18:29Which also served
18:31To stoke nationalistic fervour
18:33And let's make sure
18:35That June the 24th
18:36Is Independence Day
18:37For Britain
18:37Thank you very much
18:45This nationalistic streak
18:46Hasn't gone away
18:49In early 2021
18:51The mayor of Penzance
18:52Was targeted
18:53With racist abuse
18:55She'd ordered a line
18:57Of Union Jacks
18:57On the promenade
18:58To be taken down
18:59Because they'd not been
19:00Authorised by the council
19:03Someone had put them up
19:04To celebrate
19:05Britain's official exit
19:06From Europe
19:10I'm not interested
19:11In the rights and wrongs
19:12Of putting up flags
19:13But in why race
19:15Entered the debate
19:15Because five months later
19:17Mayor Nicole Broadhurst
19:19Says the abuse
19:20Hasn't stopped
19:22I got a phone call
19:23Yesterday
19:23From Devon and Cornwall
19:24Police
19:25There'd been swastikas
19:26And black
19:28C-U-N-T
19:29You should die
19:31Written on road signs
19:33It's made me very frightened
19:34Done a lot of crying
19:35Done a lot of shouting
19:36Perhaps
19:37There you go
19:38What did they say?
19:40Put the fucking flags back up
19:41Really?
19:42Yeah
19:42I got thousands of messages
19:44Telling me that
19:45I was going to be killed
19:47I should be thrown off
19:48The end of the pier
19:49And they should
19:50Call me up the flagpole
19:51Instead of the flag
19:52Do you think
19:53There's a connection
19:53Between the flag
19:54An empire?
19:56Definitely
19:56The flag symbolises
19:58Greatness to some people
19:59And they are unhappy
20:02With the fact
20:02That we are no longer
20:03Great Britain in that way
20:05We don't always
20:05Punch above our weight
20:06We're not in charge
20:07Of the world anymore
20:09So what's your heritage?
20:10I'm British
20:11I was born here
20:12My mum's from Trinidad
20:13My dad's from Sweden
20:14My mum came over in 68
20:16To train as a nurse
20:17She came because
20:18She was asked to come
20:19And it was her duty to come
20:21She still talks of this
20:22As the mother country
20:25Despite the racial abuse
20:28Nicole is running again
20:30In local elections
20:31This week
20:32The police have told her
20:34Not to canvas alone
20:35So she's joined
20:36By her partner
20:37Aaron
20:40Did you follow the story
20:41About Nicole
20:42And the flags
20:44And the promenade?
20:44That's right
20:45I did see it
20:46On social media
20:47I was a bit disgruntled
20:48Really
20:48Because the country
20:49Needs to get behind
20:50And the national
20:51Sort of identity thing
20:53We still have this issue
20:54With foreign
20:57Settlers
20:58You're talking about immigration
21:00Immigration basically
21:01Yeah
21:01Because we are only an island
21:02And there's only so many
21:04You know places
21:05That you can put houses
21:06And put people
21:08Hello
21:09Probably upset a lot of people
21:11Having flags up
21:11But it's England
21:13We can't go to their place
21:14And take their flags down
21:15That's why they're coming in
21:16Where people upset
21:17The flags were taken down
21:18Because they were taken down
21:19By a black mayor
21:20Who's an immigrant
21:21In their eyes
21:23Yeah that's what probably
21:24Peed everyone off
21:25Yeah
21:25The white
21:25Yeah
21:26Definitely
21:27Yeah
21:27Taking the flags down
21:28Because obviously
21:28She's not white
21:30Hello
21:33There's no neat link
21:34Between Brexit
21:35And flags
21:36And racism
21:37But when you talk to people
21:39All those things
21:40Seem to occur
21:41Emotionally
21:42In the same space
21:43And I think
21:44For a lot of people
21:46Or they are equated
21:48I think these emotions
21:50Can be explained
21:51By empire
21:51Our sense that
21:53We're exceptional
21:54So we don't need
21:55Anyone else
21:56Our patriotism
21:57That seeps into nationalism
22:01And worst of all
22:02Our racism
22:03An echo
22:04Of imperialist
22:05Enoch Powell
22:05Who believed
22:06Brown and black people
22:07Were inferior
22:09So why don't we see
22:10Empire
22:11In all these things
22:20This is another
22:21Really vicious letter
22:23Why do you sound so vindictive
22:25It belittles you
22:26It was the British
22:27All-white benefactors
22:29Who created India
22:30Dear Zahnam
22:30You are a racist
22:32Anti-white
22:32Envied for their massive achievements
22:37There's still a lingering sense
22:39That people like me
22:40Should be grateful
22:40For all that empire has done
22:42The same examples
22:44Come up all the time
22:47They abolished famines
22:48Irrigated millions of acres
22:50It was those with the patronizing
22:52Western eyes
22:53Who saved your arse
22:55Created greatest railway system
22:57In the world
22:59The railways were built
23:01For the British
23:02They weren't built
23:02As a gift for the Indians
23:03They were built
23:04To get goods out of the country
23:06They were built
23:07For the military
23:09And far from abolishing famine
23:11British rule
23:12Exacerbated it
23:14During the Bengal famine
23:15Of 1943
23:16When up to 3 million Indians died
23:19The British prioritized
23:20Feeding the army
23:21And didn't send relief
23:23Quickly enough
23:28So why do so few people
23:30Know these facts
23:31How are they able to ignore
23:33One of empire's central legacies
23:35Racism
23:36Which is imported to Britain
23:37And can be seen
23:38In the ideology of the far right
23:40And within controversies
23:42Like the flags in Penzance
23:45It's partly because
23:46Damning evidence
23:47Is so rarely seen
23:49In the early 1920s
23:51The Indian movement
23:52For independence took off
23:53This rare piece of film
23:55From 1923
23:56Shows how those early
23:58Freedom fighters
23:59Were treated
23:59By their colonial rulers
24:00And by Indians
24:02Loyal to the British
24:09You realize that
24:10When actually
24:12The peaceful resistance
24:13Started
24:14The British didn't like it
24:16You know
24:16They responded
24:17With violence
24:21You can see
24:22The British officers
24:23There are laughing
24:26This is the power
24:27Of film
24:28Isn't it
24:28This is incredible
24:30To watch
24:32Official evidence
24:34Was also destroyed
24:35In the chaos
24:35That followed
24:36India's independence
24:37In 1947
24:41Flames of disorder
24:42Spread through many parts
24:43Of New Delhi
24:47A witness talked about
24:48There being a pool of smoke
24:50Over Delhi
24:50Because so many documents
24:51Were being burnt
24:54So you can just imagine
24:56How much more
24:57We would know
24:58About the dark side
24:59Of empire
24:59If the British
25:00Hadn't deliberately
25:02Concealed the evidence
25:06Instead of damning evidence
25:08For decades
25:08The British public
25:09Were entertained
25:10With newsreels
25:11Which painted
25:12A positive view
25:13Of empire
25:15Millions upon millions
25:16Altogether
25:18Under the flag
25:19Upon which the sun
25:21Never sits
25:24Many of the so-called
25:26Glories of empire
25:27Were reinforced
25:27In schools
25:28Even today
25:30Britain's role
25:31In the abolition
25:32Of slavery
25:32Tends to get emphasised
25:33While its role
25:34In the slave trade
25:35Gets far less attention
25:46When we're confronted
25:47With the bare facts
25:48It's truly shocking
25:53Hello Alex
25:54I see you've had a baby
25:56Yeah
25:58The writer Alex Renton
25:59Recently discovered
26:00A family archive
26:01That has radically changed
26:03The image he once had
26:04Of his Scottish ancestors
26:05They were slave owners
26:10So Scotland likes
26:12To see itself
26:12As a victim
26:13As being colonised
26:14By the English
26:15Though it was involved
26:16Massively in empire
26:18Massively
26:18And I think
26:19The same sort of
26:20Willful
26:21Willful amnesia
26:23As has happened
26:24Across Britain
26:24And we're resisting
26:25Waking up to it
26:27And the fact
26:27That the legacies
26:28Of it are still
26:29Pertinent
26:30And potent today
26:42Alex has spent the past few years
26:44Looking at documents
26:45That relate to the plantations
26:46That his family owned
26:48For over a hundred years
26:49In Jamaica and Tobago
26:53This is an inventory
26:54Made when my
26:56Six times great uncle
26:57James Ferguson
26:58Who'd gone out to Tobago
27:00And started this plantation
27:02In the 17th century
27:04And bought 78 African people
27:06And it starts with
27:07The land
27:08The 300 acres
27:09And then we get
27:10Into the lists of slaves
27:11This is the first thing
27:13I saw really
27:13That made me
27:14Actually feel
27:15Like vomiting
27:17Which is you get
27:18Right down to the end
27:18And it says children
27:19And there are five children
27:21On the plantation
27:22And it gives their values
27:23So it's Billy's 25 pounds
27:26Johnny's 10
27:26And then to put that
27:28Into context
27:29You get the very next line
27:31Next entry
27:32The stock
27:33Horse
27:34Mules
27:34Cows
27:35And a horse is worth
27:36Four times
27:37The price of a child
27:38Yep
27:39Wow
27:42However you
27:43Figure it
27:44And talk about
27:44How things were different
27:45Then and so on
27:46This is the basis of it
27:47These were human beings
27:49Treated
27:50Children
27:51Treated as farm animals
27:53Rape is
27:54Clearly habitual
27:56And
27:56And clearly undertaken
27:58Even by
27:59White men there
28:00With white wives there
28:06The punishments
28:07Are unbelievably savage
28:09They're chopping
28:10People's limbs off
28:11To watch them bleed to death
28:12Or burning them to death
28:13Alive
28:14Things like that
28:14In front of their friends
28:18Sadism is kind of
28:20Encouraged
28:21And it goes worse
28:22I mean
28:23There are
28:23There are
28:26Sorry
28:32My ancestors
28:33Who I was brought up
28:34To respect
28:34Were doing things
28:36That were
28:36Clearly
28:38Immoral
28:38On another level
28:41What do you think
28:42They would make of you
28:43Talking about it
28:44Now
28:45I think they would be
28:46Utterly appalled
28:46One of the reasons
28:47My class
28:49Which is the class
28:50That's ruled Britain
28:51For 300 years
28:53Has kept power
28:55Is it
28:55Is it
28:55Closes ranks
28:56We don't
28:57We don't
28:58Betray
28:59We don't speak
28:59To outsiders
29:04Did part of you
29:05Just want to
29:06Hide this away
29:07And not face up to it
29:09That was never a question
29:10I knew it was important
29:12Because slavery's
29:14Not over
29:14The story of British
29:16Caribbean slave
29:17And transatlantic slavery
29:18Is not over
29:18We're still living
29:19The after effects
29:21And the legacies
29:21Of it
29:27It's just amazing
29:28To hear
29:28A white person
29:30Of his social class
29:31Say those things
29:32Because until now
29:34They've been very defensive
29:36It's all about
29:36How actually
29:37We abolished slavery
29:38The belgians
29:39Did it worse
29:40But here's someone
29:41Saying
29:41You know what
29:42We were knee deep
29:44In slavery
29:45And i think
29:46He's very brave
29:47I think he's inspiring
29:48I think
29:50His story
29:51Has the potential
29:52To change
29:54The national narrative
29:55About slavery
29:57Which is an incredible thing
29:59Meeting Alex
30:00Has also reinforced
30:01My feeling
30:02That empire
30:02Continues to affect
30:03How we behave
30:06Our ignorance
30:07About our involvement
30:08In slavery
30:09Makes us blind
30:10To its legacies
30:13And our nostalgia
30:14About empire
30:15Makes us reluctant
30:16To face them
30:25It's a nostalgia
30:26I once shared
30:27And explains
30:28Why i only confronted
30:29The darker side of empire
30:30As an adult
30:32As a boy
30:33I went to our godwara
30:35Our temple
30:35Three times a week
30:37And helped to serve food
30:40Among sikhs
30:41Loyalty to the british
30:42And to the idea of empire
30:44Was not uncommon
30:51I think our close relationship
30:53With the british
30:54Once our colonial masters
30:56Goes back to the very particular role
30:58We played for them in empire
30:59Sikhs have long seen themselves
31:02As warriors
31:02But the british
31:04Supercharged that sikh identity
31:06Creating a bond
31:07That endured
31:10The most shocking event
31:11For the british
31:12Was the mutiny
31:13Where laws of indians
31:14Defied the raj
31:16And certain groups
31:18To the british side
31:19And the sikhs
31:20Were amongst them
31:20And that made them fetishise us
31:23And they suddenly decided
31:24That not only were we loyal
31:26But we were the martial race
31:27You know
31:28That we were physically
31:30Perfect
31:30The army began producing handbooks
31:33Explaining why
31:34We had the right for zikhs
31:36To be fighters
31:36In this kind of
31:38Almost aryan way
31:42The indian mutiny of 1857
31:45When thousands of ordinary indians
31:47Rose up against colonial rule
31:48Was brutally suppressed by the british
31:51With the help of sikh soldiers
31:53In some villages
31:54All adult men were shot
31:56And indian rebels
31:58Were burned alive
31:59Or strapped to cannons
32:01And blown apart
32:02So they would be denied
32:03Proper funeral rites
32:06Their deep loyalty
32:07To the british
32:08Saw sikhs sign up
32:09In huge numbers
32:10When the first world war
32:11Broke out
32:12Although they only formed
32:132% of the population
32:15Sikhs made up
32:1620% of the british indian army
32:25I've come to brighton
32:26To explore
32:27Whether the sikhs loyalty
32:28To the british
32:29Was repaid
32:30Copies of indian soldiers
32:32Letters have survived
32:33Thanks to the wartime
32:34Census office
32:36This is from a rifleman
32:37Called anarsing rawat
32:41When we reached the german trenches
32:43We used the bayonets
32:44And blood was shed so freely
32:46That we could not recognize
32:48Each other's faces
32:50The whole ground
32:51Was covered in blood
32:52There were heaps of men's heads
32:54And some soldiers
32:55Were without legs
32:58If I get killed
32:59It does not matter
33:01And so many of my brethren
33:02Have been slain
33:10During the war
33:11The royal pavilion
33:12Here in brighton
33:13Was turned into a hospital
33:14For wounded indian servicemen
33:22Imagine if you're an indian soldier
33:23And you're waking up
33:24After an operation
33:26You're off your face
33:27And morphine
33:28And you see this
33:34For many
33:34This would have been
33:35Their first experience
33:37Of life in britain
33:38Everything was done
33:39To accommodate them
33:40Including separate kitchens
33:42And some worship areas
33:42For each religious group
33:46This is a photograph
33:48Of a really young looking soldier
33:50It looks like I did
33:51At eleven frankly
33:51He's in a wheelchair
33:53So I suspect he's had
33:55A serious injury
33:56And there's a guy
33:57Who's lost a leg
33:59So it really upsets me
34:00That you can be that young
34:01And get that injured
34:02Fighting for a country
34:03That colonised you
34:04And I wonder whether
34:05Whether they thought
34:07That their sacrifice
34:08Would be remembered
34:11The difference between
34:12The way indian soldiers
34:13Were treated here
34:14At the pavilion
34:15And how indians
34:16Were treated out in empire
34:17Just doesn't add up
34:22So I'm meeting historian
34:24Dr yasmin khan
34:25At the site
34:26Of one of the other
34:26Brighton hospitals
34:29The pavilion
34:30Is the place
34:32Where the indians
34:34Are shown off
34:34And it's a kind
34:35Of propaganda tool
34:38Because they want
34:39To send a message
34:39Back to india
34:40And they want
34:40To keep the
34:41Recruitment stream
34:42Rolling
34:42So that more
34:43Men join up
34:45And come out
34:48This building
34:49Kitchener hospital
34:50Had been a workhouse
34:51So it's a very
34:52Different feel to it
34:55The kitchener
34:56Was run by an old
34:57Army man
34:57Colonel Seton
34:58Who'd served out
34:59In the rash
35:00And brought his
35:01Prejudices back home
35:04Dr khan
35:05Has a copy
35:05Of one of his
35:06Original reports
35:07About the hospital
35:09The confinement
35:10Of nearly 600 indians
35:12Within the hospital
35:12Was no easy matter
35:14The walls
35:14Were supplemented
35:15By barbed wire
35:16Palings
35:17But further precautions
35:18Against breaking out
35:19Were necessary
35:21And it says here
35:24377 soldiers
35:25Had been punished
35:26209 have been fined
35:27And 57
35:28And kept in cells
35:30So it's a hospital
35:32But it's also
35:32A sort of prison
35:33Isn't it
35:33Yeah
35:34Exactly
35:36In addition
35:37To the confinement
35:37These soldiers
35:38Suffered
35:39I'm horrified
35:40To discover
35:40That colonel Seton
35:41Even banned
35:42White female nurses
35:45I think it is
35:46A sense that
35:47White nurses
35:47Really shouldn't
35:48Be touching
35:49The bodies
35:49Of these brown
35:50Injured men
35:51It would be
35:53Totally scandalous
35:54If any relationships
35:55Developed between
35:56The nurses
35:57And the men
36:00I guess you know
36:01These people
36:02Are fighting
36:02For a country
36:03That's colonised
36:04Them
36:04And in return
36:06They're seen
36:07As sex pests
36:07Basically
36:08It's quite difficult
36:10To face up to that
36:14The royal pavilion
36:15Blurs the truth
36:16Of what happened
36:17To wounded
36:18Indian soldiers
36:19In Britain
36:21And it feeds
36:22Once again
36:23A nostalgic view
36:24Of empire
36:32This view
36:33Is reinforced
36:34At the Shatari memorial
36:35Where the Indian soldiers
36:36Who died
36:37In the Brighton
36:37Hospitals
36:38Were cremated
36:39The memorial
36:40Was built
36:41In their honour
36:42In 1921
36:43On the south downs
36:44But like the royal pavilion
36:46It doesn't tell
36:47The whole story
36:50These are the people
36:51Whose mortal remains
36:52Were committed to fire
36:53Here
36:55Anorklao
36:56Shankar Singh
36:57Bahg Singh
36:58You know
36:59This sounds like
36:59My primary school register
37:02It's all the Sikh names
37:04They feel really familiar
37:14I guess it makes me feel
37:16Like a lot of British empires
37:17In that
37:18It's a beautiful thing
37:19That enough British people
37:21Cared
37:21To build this
37:22But at the same time
37:27There were
37:28A load of imperial brits
37:29Who didn't give a fuck
37:42Indian soldiers
37:43Are hardly alone
37:44We now know
37:45That as many
37:46As 350,000
37:48Imperial troops
37:49Largely from
37:50East Africa
37:51And Egypt
37:51May not have been
37:53Commemorated
37:53On any memorials
37:56The Kshatri
37:57Is clearly the exception
37:58Not the royal
38:00That's the thing
38:01People say
38:02On Remembers Day
38:02We will remember
38:04But we don't do
38:04We remember some of them
38:07We don't remember all of them
38:11We've neglected to tell
38:13The full story
38:14Of our imperial troops
38:15And prefer
38:16To bathe in nostalgia
38:17Fueled by propaganda
38:19Like the royal pavilion
38:20And exceptions
38:21Like the Kshatri memorial
38:24When we don't face the truth
38:25We end up repeating
38:27The same mistakes
38:39A fleet of canoes
38:41Comes out from the
38:42Fijian harbour
38:42Of Suva
38:43To greet her majesty
38:44Who the islanders
38:45Look upon as their
38:46Highest chief
38:47Fiji
38:48A collection of over
38:49300 islands
38:50In the south pacific
38:51Became a british colony
38:53In 1870
38:54Under queen victoria
38:55Passing among
38:56The scores of craft
38:57Each packed with
38:58Waving Fijians
38:59The visit of queen elizabeth
39:00In 1953
39:01On her coronation tour
39:02Remains a significant event
39:04In the country's history
39:06The queen moves forward
39:08To accept a bouquet of welcome
39:09From three year old
39:10Mai Kainona
39:11The daughter of a
39:12Fijian chieftain
39:14With great solemnity
39:15Mai makes the ancient
39:17Fijian curtsy
39:18A sign of greeting
39:19For the lady
39:19Fijians call
39:20Their little white queen
39:22Meanwhile
39:23At albert park
39:24Thousands have come
39:25To pay homage
39:26To her majesty
39:27There
39:28The queen was greeted
39:29With the ultimate form
39:30Of respect
39:31Silence
39:32Before receiving gifts
39:34From Fijian chiefs
39:35Including highly prized
39:37Welles teeth
39:40The Fiji islanders
39:41Who voluntarily gave
39:42Their land to queen victoria
39:43Receive a pledge
39:45From queen elizabeth
39:46That she will constantly
39:47Watch over their welfare
39:48And pray for their prosperity
39:50In the years to come
39:55The queen's visit
39:56Cemented the colony's
39:57Loyalty to the crown
39:58And even though
39:59It became independent
40:00In 1970
40:01That loyalty remains
40:04Fiji provides more soldiers
40:05To the british army
40:06Than any other
40:07Commonwealth country
40:13Foxy Thokunasiga
40:15Was one of those soldiers
40:16And his son joe
40:18Plays rugby for england
40:22Foxy and joe
40:23Yeah
40:23Father and son
40:24Yeah
40:24You joined the british armed forces
40:27As a commonwealth
40:28Soldier
40:29I served 14 years
40:30For the queen
40:31So I'm still
40:33I'm still proud
40:34That I served
40:35With the forces
40:35No no no no
40:36We were born to
40:37Be soldiers
40:38That's what they say
40:40Why did you join
40:41Well the british forces
40:43Is regarded highly
40:44Back home
40:45I have a lot of
40:46My mates that have
40:47I've grown up
40:48Have joined the army
40:48And what they say
40:50Is like oh we represent
40:51The queen
40:51So that's kind of
40:52A big thing
40:54Where did your
40:56Soldiering take you
40:57Iraq
40:58Bosnia
41:00Afghanistan
41:00The Falkland Islands
41:03I've got a few friends
41:04Who've got killed
41:05Back in Afghanistan
41:06The Fijians
41:08It's a
41:12It's sad
41:12It's a
41:13It is really
41:16Commonwealth soldiers
41:17And their families
41:18Have the right to remain
41:19In britain
41:19Once they've served
41:20For four years
41:22However
41:23The army neglected
41:24To tell soldiers
41:25Like Foxy
41:26That they needed
41:26To submit
41:27Citizenship applications
41:28And pay thousands
41:29Of pounds
41:30For the privilege
41:31As a result
41:32Many lost
41:33Their right to work
41:34Benefits
41:35And health care
41:36While others
41:37Were deported
41:38Or ended up homeless
41:40I wasn't aware of the procedure
41:44When I left the army
41:47Until Joe went on one of the
41:50World Cup training camps
41:51In Italy
41:51And then he came back
41:53And he was informed
41:55By the immigration department
41:56That I am here
41:59Illegally
42:02You're representing England
42:03Yeah
42:04Your father
42:05Has fought for this country
42:07Yeah
42:08And
42:08You have uncertain residency
42:11How did you feel
42:12When you found that
42:13I felt like
42:13Should I be playing for England
42:14If this is the case
42:17Our families
42:18Dedicated pretty much
42:19Our whole life
42:20Around the british army
42:21And serving the queen
42:22You kind of feel
42:23Like it was just
42:23All of a waste of time
42:25That's very sad to hear
42:26Because we should be proud
42:28What your father's done
42:29Of what you're doing
42:30In sport
42:34I don't want to use the word
42:35But it's like
42:37You've been used
42:39By the empire
42:42Foxy now has the right to remain
42:44But many other soldiers
42:45Who serve the british
42:46Are still bringing legal cases
42:48And campaigning for fair treatment
42:54His experience reminds me
42:56Of the unjust treatment
42:57Of the Indian soldiers
42:58Who were wounded
42:58In world war one
42:59And ended up
43:00In places like brighton
43:01It's history
43:02Repeating itself
43:12It's a big day
43:13It's the first wolf match
43:16Open to the public
43:17But more importantly
43:18It's the first time
43:19I'm ever going
43:20To a waltz match
43:20With my brother
43:22Wolverhampton Wanderers
43:23Fans had such a reputation
43:24For racism
43:25In the 70s and 80s
43:27I mean some of them
43:28Were known for wearing
43:29KKK hoods
43:30To matches
43:31And on match days
43:32My mum generally
43:33Wouldn't let us
43:34Out of the house
43:34Because of fear
43:36Of skinheads
43:36And the national front
43:37And so on
43:38It continued
43:39In the 80s and 90s
43:40I mean football hooligans
43:41Was a byword
43:43For racist behaviour
43:51How are you doing?
43:52You're well
43:53This history means
43:54My brother Jaz
43:54Is a bit nervous
43:55About coming to the first
43:57Wolves match
43:57Since lockdown ended
43:58But I'm hopeful
44:02Football has made
44:03A concerted public effort
44:04To stamp out racism
44:07Here in Wolverhampton
44:09The team now
44:10Has a diverse fan base
44:11With an enthusiastic
44:12Punjabi supporters club
44:18There's a great atmosphere
44:19In the stadium
44:20But the mood sours
44:22When the players
44:23Take the knee
44:23To protest racism
44:24In Britain
44:33It's encouraging
44:34That they take the knee
44:36But also quite depressing
44:37There's far a lot of booing
44:40Some people boo
44:41Because they think
44:42Taking the knee
44:42Expresses support
44:44For what they claim
44:44Is the Marxist
44:46Black Lives Matter movement
44:47Others see it
44:49As a meaningless
44:49Time-wasting gesture
44:52But for me
44:53The viewing shows
44:54That most people
44:54Don't think racism
44:56Is a problem in Britain
44:59You find these crowds
45:01More scary than I do
45:03Because you don't
45:03You don't come to these
45:05Matches
45:05I can't relate to it
45:06I don't
45:06I think you still got that fear
45:07That we had in the 80s
45:09Yeah
45:09You show them
45:11Kicking your head in
45:12Yeah getting chased
45:13After a night out
45:14Yeah
45:15Yeah
45:16It's a bit depressing
45:17Isn't it?
45:23To be honest
45:23I'm feeling quite depressed
45:24Because there was a load of boos
45:26When the players took the knee
45:27And then Rio Ferdinand
45:29Who was commentating on the match
45:31Got a load of monkey chants
45:32Directed at him
45:33It's amazing to me
45:35That you can be one of the few fans
45:36To get a ticket
45:37For the first game
45:38Of the season
45:39Where there's a crowd
45:40And you can dedicate it
45:42To doing monkey chants
45:44At a black person
45:47It was the same
45:48With the Euros
45:49In the summer of 2021
45:51The country rallied
45:52Around our multicultural team
45:54When they were on the up
45:55But when they lost
45:56It was a different story
45:59For some people
46:00You're British when you win
46:01But you're black when you lose
46:05It feels to me
46:06That we're stuck
46:07In an endless cycle
46:08Making the same mistakes
46:10Having the same debates
46:11And never finding a path forward
46:15I don't think
46:15We'll ever move on
46:17Until we face up
46:18To our imperial history
46:32Monday night at 8.30
46:33A brand new dispatch
46:34Is unearthed
46:35The truth about electric cars
46:37And whether now's the right time
46:38To go green
46:39Amidst the recent petrol shortages
46:40And price hikes
46:41And it's an altogether different
46:43Supercharger tomorrow
46:44Half six
46:45In the F1 highlights
46:46Direct from the
46:47Los El international circuit
46:48And the Qatar Grand
46:50Channel 4 is at the movies next
46:51In X- Apocalypse
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