ペットフードの真実

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00:00:28ご視聴ありがとうございました

00:00:30ご視聴ありがとうございました

00:01:05ご視聴ありがとうございました

00:01:38ご視聴ありがとうございました

00:01:41my name is Karen Becker

00:01:42and I'm an integrative veterinarian

00:01:44here in Bourbonnet, Illinois

00:01:52this is a commercially available raw food diet

00:01:54this is lamb

00:01:56I'm also going to give the boys an egg

00:02:00great source of protein

00:02:06is it feeding time

00:02:07Bernard?

00:02:09and that's dinner

00:02:23oh my god, what time is it?

00:02:26what time is it?

00:02:30it's very exciting

00:02:32okay Ada

00:02:33what time is it?

00:02:42so there's a problem in the pet food industry

00:02:44and most pet owners aren't aware that there's a problem

00:02:47and unless you have an interest in digging deeper

00:02:49and finding out what those issues are

00:02:51you can go through your whole life

00:02:52feeding the exact same food

00:02:53assuming what you're doing

00:02:54is healthful for your pet

00:02:56and once you start digging

00:02:58the evidence becomes overwhelming

00:03:01that the industry

00:03:02has significant issues

00:03:07the human-animal relationship

00:03:09is deeply embedded in our society

00:03:15it is estimated that 80 million dogs

00:03:17are in the United States

00:03:18with 96 million cats

00:03:24Americans alone spend an estimated

00:03:2660 billion dollars on pet expenses every year

00:03:29and that number is growing exponentially

00:03:33it's always a first thought

00:03:35to buy something your pet will like

00:03:37something that will make them happy

00:03:38and live a healthy life

00:03:40we give them exercise

00:03:42clean water

00:03:43and lots of love

00:03:45we've always purchased food

00:03:46from a grocery store

00:03:47or a pet food store

00:03:48that provided convenience

00:03:50the promise of nutrition

00:03:51and familiarity with the brand

00:03:53a very important part of this champion's diet is meat

00:03:56that's why we feed him friskies

00:03:58it's a complete diet

00:04:00in just the right amount

00:04:01very convenient

00:04:03the industry at large

00:04:05survived for nearly a hundred years

00:04:07without a single thought from consumers

00:04:09as to what was going into the pet foods

00:04:13that all changed in 2007

00:04:15when a toxic ingredient made its way into pet foods

00:04:19killing thousands of pets nationwide

00:04:21melamine is used as a fertilizer in Asia

00:04:24and also has several industrial commercial uses

00:04:28including a component of kitchen utensils

00:04:31and plates

00:04:32the association between melamine

00:04:35in the kidneys and urine of cats that died

00:04:37and the melamine that was in the food

00:04:40they consumed

00:04:40is undeniable

00:04:42additionally melamine is an ingredient

00:04:45that should not be in pet food

00:04:47at any level

00:04:48following the 2007 recall

00:04:50one central question began to resonate

00:04:53amongst consumers

00:04:55what are dogs and cats

00:04:56actually supposed to eat?

00:04:58it's confusing

00:04:59because the pet food industry

00:05:01is telling us

00:05:02what to feed our pets

00:05:04really more based on

00:05:05what they want to sell us

00:05:07than what's necessarily good for the pet

00:05:09she is Oprah Winfrey's veterinarian

00:05:12and now an author

00:05:12and her new book is called

00:05:14The Royal Treatment

00:05:15please welcome Dr. Barbara Royal

00:05:17good morning

00:05:18good morning

00:05:19thank you so much for being here

00:05:21so let me ask you this

00:05:22what are the things that we're giving them

00:05:23that we shouldn't

00:05:24and then what should we be giving them

00:05:26that we aren't?

00:05:27so no corn

00:05:28no wheat

00:05:29no soy

00:05:31after many years of R&D

00:05:32we have found that corn

00:05:33is still the best available source

00:05:35of carbohydrates

00:05:36when processed and refined properly

00:05:39those are the things that cause

00:05:41overweight

00:05:42diabetes

00:05:43arthritis

00:05:43chronic skin infections

00:05:45allergies

00:05:45things like that

00:05:46that's the precursor for a lot of that

00:05:48if you're feeding poor nutrition

00:05:49and they're eating a lot of those things

00:05:50that mess with the body

00:05:51they just don't stay healthy

00:05:52but let me ask you this doctor

00:05:53are those the things that you find in dog food

00:05:55or you're talking to people

00:05:56who are giving table food

00:05:57no no it's in dog food

00:06:10during the war

00:06:11there was a moratorium

00:06:13on using the metal cans

00:06:16for canned food

00:06:17so they said

00:06:17you can't use metal cans

00:06:18for dog food anymore

00:06:19you have to use that for ammunition

00:06:23so somebody said

00:06:24we need to make the dog food

00:06:26something we could put in a paper bag

00:06:28and that's how they did it

00:06:29and nobody thought at that time

00:06:31that making a kibble

00:06:33and eventually the way that we process it now

00:06:35could ever be a health detriment to the dog

00:06:40now because of the way that the world is

00:06:43corn and wheat have become so subsidized

00:06:46and so cheap

00:06:46it's a super cheap way

00:06:49to make a food

00:06:50for somebody who can't say no

00:06:59there's definitely an epidemic of problems now

00:07:03in animals that

00:07:04I don't think we've seen anything like it

00:07:07in history

00:07:08every animal that comes in to see me

00:07:10they'll say

00:07:11oh they're basically healthy

00:07:12but the list of problems is immense

00:07:14so it's not that they're healthy

00:07:16they're actually suffering

00:07:17from many many maladies

00:07:19a lot of the same maladies

00:07:21that we see in people

00:07:22we have animals that have

00:07:23you know

00:07:23diabetes and arthritis

00:07:25they have autoimmune disorders

00:07:27they've got allergies

00:07:28and part of the reason for that

00:07:30is because

00:07:30we are actually creating these problems

00:07:33it's a huge epidemic of problems

00:07:36all of them I believe

00:07:38can be linked

00:07:38to a very simple problem of diet

00:07:45I would say

00:07:48I rarely get home before 8

00:07:52there are days when I stop appointments at 3

00:07:57just so I might make it home by 6

00:07:59I would like to not work this late

00:08:01I would like to not work this hard

00:08:07I don't see any way around it right now

00:08:10I know my family would like me home more

00:08:13my daughter said to me

00:08:15mommy when you're done writing this book

00:08:17and doing this conference

00:08:21could you not do another one?

00:08:32they do not hurt each other ever

00:08:34they've been doing this for 12 years

00:08:39do you look 12 years old?

00:08:40no you don't look 12 years old

00:08:41do you know why you don't look 12 years old?

00:08:43because your parents feed you excellent food

00:08:47duck nicks

00:08:49yes it's your dinner time

00:08:50it's supper time

00:08:53and then eventually

00:08:54I figure out my own dinner

00:09:01you put this down

00:09:02and they're just like arrows

00:09:04just right on it

00:09:05absolutely the best thing they can imagine

00:09:07and they're so excited about eating

00:09:09and it's gone

00:09:15there's nothing better than making your animals happy

00:09:18I gotta say

00:09:19I mean look how happy they are

00:09:19they're both like

00:09:20yes thank you

00:09:21you're giving me the thing I love

00:09:23and they're so happy

00:09:26and do I worry about them eating raw food

00:09:27and then licking me?

00:09:29no I do not

00:09:32because the fact is

00:09:34there aren't any pathogens in that raw food

00:09:37but they're careful with it

00:09:41I think raw food is weird to a lot of people

00:09:43when I first mention it to people

00:09:44they sort of say

00:09:46raw food?

00:09:47do I have to feed raw food

00:09:48to make my dog healthy?

00:09:49like are you crazy?

00:09:51I'm like well

00:09:51you know

00:09:52no you don't have to

00:09:53it'll make a difference

00:09:54it'll make a huge difference

00:09:55you know when we had

00:09:57so much crazy processed food

00:09:59and then all of a sudden

00:10:00Whole Foods came around

00:10:01and said we're gonna

00:10:03offer fresh food

00:10:04it's gonna cost a little more

00:10:05but you're gonna like it

00:10:06and everyone said

00:10:06no one's ever gonna do that

00:10:07no one's ever gonna spend

00:10:08so much more money on food

00:10:10than you know

00:10:10and it's like guess what

00:10:11yes they will

00:10:12yes we will

00:10:13because we know

00:10:14we can feel it

00:10:15I can feel it

00:10:15and now I think

00:10:17we've come to the point of saying

00:10:18okay we know

00:10:20we know they do care

00:10:21it does make a difference

00:10:22and the species appropriate diet

00:10:24is getting back to what it was

00:10:26before we started

00:10:27you know leaving the canned foods

00:10:29and stuff

00:10:34dogs and cats have

00:10:35at least hopefully

00:10:37a wonderful loving caring owner

00:10:38but mother nature doesn't

00:10:40and so when animals become injured

00:10:41they're on their own

00:10:42they usually starve

00:10:43or die a secondary infection

00:10:45unless they happen to meet up

00:10:47with a wildlife rehabilitator

00:10:48so this is a red-tailed hawk

00:10:49he was hit by a car

00:10:50and has a broken wing

00:10:55one of my hobbies and passions

00:10:56is wildlife rehabilitation

00:11:04this is Cordelia's pouch

00:11:07Cordelia

00:11:10are you a sleepy girl?

00:11:16I have been fascinated

00:11:17with nature and life

00:11:19since I can remember

00:11:22I became a licensed

00:11:24wildlife rehabilitator

00:11:25when I was 14

00:11:26and I knew that I would have

00:11:28a lifelong career

00:11:29helping animals

00:11:30so when I was 14

00:11:31I heard about a woman

00:11:33that had tremendous success

00:11:35with wildlife rehabilitation

00:11:36her name was Barbara Harvey

00:11:38and she was in

00:11:39Hurricane, Wisconsin

00:11:40and I called her

00:11:41and I said

00:11:41Barbara, my name is Karen Becker

00:11:42and I'm 14 years old

00:11:44and I want to know

00:11:45how you became so successful

00:11:47long story short

00:11:48she invited me to her home

00:11:50in Horicon, Wisconsin

00:11:51she lives in a beautiful log cabin

00:11:53during the winter months

00:11:54and she lives in a teepee

00:11:55on 13 acres

00:11:56during the summer months

00:11:57she invited me to live

00:11:58in her teepee

00:11:59on her 13 acres

00:12:00and see how she rehabilitates

00:12:02hawks, eagles, owls and falcons

00:12:06Barbara has the best success rate

00:12:08in the country

00:12:08with raptors

00:12:09and the reason she has

00:12:10such a success

00:12:11she feeds biologically appropriate

00:12:15all raw living mice, rabbits, rodents

00:12:21to those animals

00:12:22to be able to help the body

00:12:23recover from injury

00:12:25so when I went to veterinary school

00:12:27years later

00:12:28and I sat through

00:12:29these nutrition courses

00:12:30and when they gave me

00:12:32the laminated chart

00:12:33that told me what food

00:12:34I should feed

00:12:34with what disease process

00:12:36things did not add up

00:12:41before I went to vet school

00:12:43I worked for years

00:12:44in zoo medicine

00:12:47the most important thing

00:12:49I think I learned from that

00:12:50is every species

00:12:51has its own requirement

00:12:53each species must eat

00:12:54what it is supposed to eat

00:12:56it's developed

00:12:57evolved

00:12:58to have a specific diet

00:12:59that keeps it healthy

00:13:01each animal has its own

00:13:03biologic requirement

00:13:04for certain nutrients

00:13:05a species appropriate diet

00:13:07for worms

00:13:08is dirt

00:13:08a species appropriate diet

00:13:10let's say for hummingbirds

00:13:11would be nectar

00:13:12you can't feed earthworms nectar

00:13:14and you can't feed

00:13:15hummingbirds dirt

00:13:16both of those animals

00:13:18would simply die

00:13:19some species

00:13:20when you offer them

00:13:21not biologically appropriate foods

00:13:22they simply won't consume them

00:13:23when you offer a snake

00:13:25another obligate carnivore

00:13:27a salad

00:13:27they will simply starve to death

00:13:29they will not consume

00:13:31a non-biologically appropriate food

00:13:33in light of sustaining life

00:13:34they simply die

00:13:35it gets pretty confusing

00:13:37with dogs and cats however

00:13:38because dogs and cats

00:13:39are nutritionally

00:13:40much more resilient

00:13:41than other species

00:13:42and what that means

00:13:43is that we can nutritionally

00:13:44abuse them

00:13:45for lack of a better term

00:13:46and they don't die immediately

00:13:48they just have

00:13:49overall vitality decline

00:13:51and overall

00:13:52degenerative changes

00:13:53take place in their bodies

00:13:54from feeding them foods

00:13:56that are not

00:13:56biologically appropriate

00:14:06cats being obligate carnivores

00:14:08have to consume meat

00:14:09to be able to thrive

00:14:11they do not have

00:14:12a biologic requirement

00:14:13for any type of carbohydrate

00:14:14they have a very high

00:14:15protein requirement

00:14:16a very high moisture requirement

00:14:19and a moderate fat requirement

00:14:21cats originally we thought

00:14:22were domesticated

00:14:23to guard the grain

00:14:24because cats don't consume grain

00:14:26cats consume mice

00:14:28that consume the grain

00:14:29and so by domesticating cats

00:14:31we assumed that there was

00:14:32a mutually beneficial relationship

00:14:34we do know

00:14:35in the last hundred years

00:14:37since we have produced

00:14:38cat foods on the market

00:14:39that cats have experienced

00:14:41significantly more kidney disease

00:14:43and we know that

00:14:44they have experienced obesity

00:14:46organ failure

00:14:48and diabetes

00:14:49at a much higher rate

00:14:51and certainly we need

00:14:52to begin evaluating

00:14:53what role nutrition has

00:14:54in some of those

00:14:55degenerative diseases

00:14:57kidney disease

00:14:58is the number one

00:14:58killer of cats

00:14:59and we know that

00:15:00asking cats to process

00:15:01an entirely dehydrated food

00:15:03such as kibble

00:15:04can be very detrimental

00:15:05to kidney health

00:15:07dogs evolved

00:15:08from the gray wolf

00:15:10and we know that

00:15:11dogs came

00:15:11phylogenically

00:15:13out of the order

00:15:13carnivora

00:15:14which means they're carnivores

00:15:16in 1993

00:15:17the international society

00:15:19of zoologic nomenclature

00:15:21redefined canis lupus

00:15:23familiaris

00:15:24as just canis lupus

00:15:26these are the people

00:15:26that define

00:15:27what category

00:15:29what taxonomy

00:15:30animals fit into

00:15:32and why

00:15:33this society

00:15:35concluded that dogs

00:15:37were genetically identical

00:15:38to wolves

00:15:39they shared

00:15:3999.9%

00:15:41of the DNA

00:15:42we know that

00:15:43genotypically

00:15:44the genotype

00:15:45the DNA is identical

00:15:46what has changed

00:15:48over the last

00:15:49two to three

00:15:49four hundred years

00:15:50is the phenotype

00:15:51phenotype is the jacket

00:15:52which is what pets look like

00:15:54we have bald dogs

00:15:55dogs with white fluffy hair

00:15:56blue eyes

00:15:57dogs with crazy tufts of hair

00:15:58on their body

00:15:59and no hair anywhere else

00:16:00speckled dogs

00:16:01short legged dogs

00:16:01double coated dogs

00:16:03we've created these

00:16:04fantastic varieties

00:16:06of breeds

00:16:06because we like diversity

00:16:08in what we see

00:16:10despite the fact

00:16:10that we have bred dogs

00:16:12to have certain characteristics

00:16:13we have not bred

00:16:15out of them

00:16:15their canis lupus

00:16:17DNA

00:16:17so yes

00:16:19just as you can have

00:16:20brown hair

00:16:20blonde hair

00:16:21or you can have

00:16:22blue eyes

00:16:22green eyes

00:16:23brown eyes

00:16:23your nutritional requirements

00:16:26as a human being

00:16:27remain the same

00:16:28despite the fact

00:16:29that you look vastly different

00:16:30depending on

00:16:31what your DNA dictates

00:16:33one of the biggest problems

00:16:35with the pet food industry

00:16:36is there has been

00:16:37very poor research done

00:16:39into what actually

00:16:40is appropriate

00:16:41and isn't appropriate

00:16:41there isn't anybody

00:16:42that's really minding the store

00:16:44and saying

00:16:44here we really know

00:16:45that this is needed

00:16:46for pet food

00:16:49the major companies

00:16:50criticize raw diets

00:16:51warning consumers

00:16:53against the hazards

00:16:54of feeding raw meat

00:16:54to pets

00:16:55claiming it can make

00:16:56your animals sick

00:16:59however

00:16:59those companies

00:17:00who repeatedly criticize

00:17:02feeding raw diet

00:17:03have yet to produce

00:17:04a single study

00:17:05to provide

00:17:06any substantial evidence

00:17:07to support their claims

00:17:09the problem

00:17:10with the types

00:17:11of research studies

00:17:12that you are describing

00:17:14they would go

00:17:15at least

00:17:16seven to eight

00:17:17to ten years

00:17:18in length

00:17:18before you would

00:17:19get a definitive answer

00:17:21within our

00:17:24legal requirements

00:17:25and frameworks

00:17:26it's not

00:17:27FDA's responsibility

00:17:28to do such studies

00:17:30the research

00:17:31has not been done

00:17:32on raw foods

00:17:32not because

00:17:33there isn't an interest

00:17:34but because

00:17:34the million dollars

00:17:35it takes to fund

00:17:36that particular research

00:17:37simply isn't there

00:17:38now integrative veterinarians

00:17:40are working on that

00:17:41but traditional veterinarians

00:17:43will say

00:17:43until we see the research

00:17:45we're not interested

00:17:46in recommending

00:17:46this particular food

00:17:48for dog and cat owners

00:17:49we just don't believe

00:17:50it's safe and healthy

00:17:51the frustration is

00:17:53is that we don't have

00:17:54clinically proven research

00:17:55demonstrating

00:17:56that dry and canned foods

00:17:57are wildly helpful

00:17:59for pets as well

00:18:01the larger corporations

00:18:02are not very interested

00:18:03in proving or disproving

00:18:05the value of their food

00:18:06because they're already

00:18:07making a gabillion dollars

00:18:08on it

00:18:09and there's no reason

00:18:10to do that research

00:18:11since major pet food

00:18:12companies are involved

00:18:13with and have influence

00:18:15over vet students

00:18:16lack of education

00:18:17surrounding raw diets

00:18:18exists heavily

00:18:19among traditional vets

00:18:20when clients come

00:18:22to veterinarians

00:18:23who have not been educated

00:18:25about raw foods

00:18:25at all

00:18:26and say

00:18:26I'm considering

00:18:27feeding my pets

00:18:27raw meat

00:18:28of course

00:18:29the logical conclusion

00:18:30is

00:18:30why?

00:18:32there's a lot of bacteria

00:18:33in the raw diets

00:18:34and it's kind of

00:18:36a ticking time clock

00:18:37you could harm them

00:18:38or why would you do that

00:18:39or it's risky

00:18:40I think raw food

00:18:41has too much of a potential

00:18:43for negative side effects

00:18:44that it's just not worth it

00:18:46people's biggest question

00:18:47is

00:18:47there could be

00:18:50pathogens

00:18:50or bacteria

00:18:51parasites

00:18:52within the food

00:18:53that could cause

00:18:53illness to pets

00:18:55when dogs

00:18:56eat raw diets

00:18:57their feces

00:18:59their poop

00:19:00has a lot of bacteria

00:19:01um

00:19:02let's talk about

00:19:03eating shit

00:19:08dogs

00:19:08if given the opportunity

00:19:10will

00:19:10eat

00:19:11poop

00:19:15we tend to look

00:19:16the other way

00:19:17when dogs do this

00:19:18dogs lick their butts

00:19:19dogs do a variety

00:19:21of behaviors

00:19:22that if humans

00:19:22or other animals

00:19:23were to do it

00:19:23we would die

00:19:26dogs and cats

00:19:27being carnivores

00:19:29are equipped

00:19:30to be able

00:19:31to process

00:19:31their evolutionary

00:19:32food source

00:19:33which is raw meat

00:19:35all of their digestion

00:19:36has acclimated

00:19:37and has evolved

00:19:38to be able to process

00:19:39whole living

00:19:41unadulterated protein

00:19:43so from ripping

00:19:45and tearing

00:19:45their dentition

00:19:46is set up

00:19:47to be able

00:19:47to process meat

00:19:48their stomach acid

00:19:49is very acidic

00:19:51in fact a pH of 1

00:19:52which is highly acidic

00:19:53that stomach acid

00:19:54is in place

00:19:55to be able

00:19:56to neutralize

00:19:57pathogens

00:19:57or potential

00:19:58harmful bacteria

00:19:59that could be

00:20:00present in the food

00:20:01from the outside

00:20:02the pet food industry

00:20:03looks like

00:20:04the perfect industry

00:20:05there are

00:20:06beautiful packages

00:20:07there are diets

00:20:09for every disease

00:20:10and disorder

00:20:11there's all kinds

00:20:12of different colors

00:20:13and beautiful pictures

00:20:14and if you look

00:20:15a little deeper

00:20:17unfortunately

00:20:17that isn't

00:20:18what the pet food industry

00:20:19is all about

00:20:22it's more difficult

00:20:23than you would imagine

00:20:24at first you think

00:20:26I'll just stop by the store

00:20:27waltz right in

00:20:28and buy my pet some food

00:20:30you walk in

00:20:31you browse

00:20:34the lighting persuades you

00:20:36the music speeds you up

00:20:38the pretty pictures

00:20:39slow you down

00:20:40in this moment

00:20:41you officially surrender

00:20:43to the overwhelming realization

00:20:44that you have no idea

00:20:46what the real difference

00:20:47is between all these bags

00:20:50and if you're being

00:20:51totally honest

00:20:51with yourself

00:20:52you've probably never

00:20:53even read the ingredients

00:20:54of a pet food label

00:20:55in your life

00:20:56so it becomes

00:20:57very difficult

00:20:58to go into any store

00:20:59and discern a great product

00:21:00from a terrible product

00:21:01it becomes confusing

00:21:02for a lot of people

00:21:03the labeling is beautiful

00:21:04the packaging is great

00:21:05there's some keywords

00:21:06that look pretty good

00:21:07and sound pretty good

00:21:08so it becomes

00:21:08nearly impossible

00:21:09if you don't have

00:21:10background experience

00:21:11or some training

00:21:11to be able to know

00:21:12what would be a good choice

00:21:14and what would be

00:21:14a bad choice

00:21:15I've collected

00:21:16a few examples here

00:21:18and we're going to

00:21:18go over some labels

00:21:19my first example

00:21:21is a food that

00:21:22on the front says

00:21:23bistro meals

00:21:24thoughtfully prepared

00:21:26bursting with flavor

00:21:27who doesn't want that

00:21:28in a pet food

00:21:29first ingredient is corn

00:21:31second ingredient

00:21:32is soybean meal

00:21:33third ingredient

00:21:33is beef and bone meal

00:21:35fourth ingredient

00:21:35is ground wheat

00:21:36followed by animal fat

00:21:37preserved with BHA

00:21:39we can stop there

00:21:41BHA is a toxic preservative

00:21:44that should not be found

00:21:45in any human or pet foods

00:21:46despite the fact

00:21:47that it is

00:21:47the first three ingredients

00:21:49are carbohydrates

00:21:50that are totally unnecessary

00:21:51followed by a totally

00:21:52toxic preservative

00:21:53so cute bag

00:21:55not up to par

00:21:56next we have a food

00:21:58that has won

00:21:58actually several

00:21:59packaging awards

00:22:00because it's so beautiful

00:22:01there are chunks of meat

00:22:03falling from the sky

00:22:04and a beautiful ear of corn

00:22:06here we have

00:22:07a nice array

00:22:08of radioactive colors

00:22:10that have been added in

00:22:10for you the consumer

00:22:12dogs and cats

00:22:13cannot see all these

00:22:14different colors

00:22:14this is added in

00:22:15because you think

00:22:15my gosh it looks

00:22:17beautiful

00:22:17my pet would love it

00:22:18but the amazing buzzwords

00:22:20like playful life

00:22:22what pet owner

00:22:23doesn't want their pet

00:22:24to have a playful life

00:22:25this is just

00:22:26entirely marketing

00:22:27first ingredient

00:22:28ground yellow corn

00:22:30totally biologically

00:22:31unnecessary

00:22:32second ingredient

00:22:33chicken byproduct meal

00:22:34totally rendered

00:22:35and inappropriate

00:22:36in terms of quality

00:22:37to be nourishing

00:22:38your dog with

00:22:38third ingredient

00:22:40corn gluten meal

00:22:41very allergenic

00:22:42totally unnecessary

00:22:43fourth ingredient

00:22:44whole wheat flour

00:22:46and then animal fat

00:22:48although this food

00:22:49really looks to be

00:22:50beautiful

00:22:50and something to be

00:22:51interested in nourishing

00:22:52your pet with

00:22:52my recommendation

00:22:53is to avoid it

00:22:55over here

00:22:56they have a special

00:22:57little tagline

00:22:57optihealth

00:22:58with prebiotic fiber

00:23:00there's a lot of

00:23:01these patented words

00:23:02or trademark words

00:23:03that companies will use

00:23:04to help kind of

00:23:05discern their product

00:23:06to be something

00:23:06special included

00:23:08as a means of you

00:23:09coming back

00:23:10and buying it

00:23:10because other brands

00:23:11that you're comparing

00:23:12it to doesn't have

00:23:13the optihealth

00:23:14included

00:23:14so good marketing

00:23:16on that behalf

00:23:17this particular food

00:23:19is fabulous quality

00:23:21if you were a goat

00:23:24when you add up

00:23:25organic brown rice

00:23:26organic oats

00:23:27organic millet

00:23:29organic barley

00:23:30organic grain sorghum

00:23:32organic peas

00:23:33organic potatoes

00:23:35that portion

00:23:36of the ingredients

00:23:38in this particular food

00:23:39doesn't outweigh

00:23:40the organic chicken

00:23:41or the chicken meal

00:23:42healthy

00:23:43really

00:23:44what are you supposed

00:23:45to say

00:23:45unhealthy

00:23:46the worst possible food

00:23:48in my opinion

00:23:48you could ever feed

00:23:49your dog

00:23:50because

00:23:50number one ingredient

00:23:52beef byproduct

00:23:53soy grits

00:23:54high fructose

00:23:56corn syrup

00:23:57what is byproduct

00:23:58byproduct is what's

00:24:00left over

00:24:00after an animal

00:24:01has been slaughtered

00:24:02and all the edible parts

00:24:03have been removed

00:24:04the criticism lies

00:24:06in the mystery

00:24:07of the meats being used

00:24:09what is quality

00:24:10quality is a term

00:24:12used when discussing

00:24:13how good or bad

00:24:14the raw material

00:24:15that goes into the food

00:24:16actually is

00:24:17whether this protein

00:24:18comes from diseased animals

00:24:19euthanized animals

00:24:20roadkill

00:24:21human food waste

00:24:23or processing

00:24:24the industry doesn't

00:24:25have to disclose

00:24:26the source

00:24:27of the ingredients

00:24:29that doesn't prevent

00:24:30them from easily proclaiming

00:24:32that every ounce

00:24:33of their pet food

00:24:34is of the highest quality

00:24:37the issue is

00:24:38on the back

00:24:38of the dog

00:24:39and cat food bank

00:24:39it doesn't say

00:24:40rendered terrible

00:24:41quality protein

00:24:42it doesn't say that

00:24:43it also

00:24:43we also can't list

00:24:44legally

00:24:45grade A

00:24:46USDA inspected meat

00:24:48so this leaves

00:24:49this giant gap

00:24:50for the consumer

00:24:51to have to fill in

00:24:51that void

00:24:52and it's wildly confusing

00:24:54the controversy

00:24:54with kibble exists

00:24:55because dry food

00:24:56is void of moisture

00:24:59when your animal

00:25:00eats dry food

00:25:01they're put in

00:25:02a permanent state

00:25:03of dehydration

00:25:04the quality

00:25:05and sourcing

00:25:06of where the ingredients

00:25:07came from

00:25:08is kept secret

00:25:09and even if the ingredients

00:25:11were perfect

00:25:11the manufacturing process

00:25:13to make a meat product

00:25:14shelf stable

00:25:15for extended periods

00:25:16is performed

00:25:17at extremely high temperatures

00:25:22this creates

00:25:23two potent carcinogens

00:25:24heterocyclic amines

00:25:26and acrylamides

00:25:27however

00:25:28most companies

00:25:29do not disclose

00:25:30to the consumer

00:25:31what temperature

00:25:32their foods

00:25:33are cooked at

00:25:33and they act

00:25:35as if the trace

00:25:36amounts of carcinogens

00:25:37pose no threat

00:25:38it was around

00:25:391948

00:25:40when veterinarian

00:25:41Mark Morris

00:25:42decided to create

00:25:43the first prescription

00:25:44pet food

00:25:44still recognizable

00:25:45today

00:25:46at the time

00:25:48Mark Morris

00:25:49was critical

00:25:49of pet foods

00:25:50for lacking

00:25:50quality ingredients

00:25:52and he wanted

00:25:53to make a superior

00:25:53product

00:25:54backed by

00:25:55scientific research

00:25:56he teamed up

00:25:57with canning

00:25:58manufacturer

00:25:59Burton Hill

00:25:59to fulfill his vision

00:26:01the result

00:26:02became what we know

00:26:03today as science diet

00:26:04sold in veterinarian offices

00:26:06all across the country

00:26:08but in 2013

00:26:10the Wall Street Journal

00:26:11reported

00:26:12Hills was starting

00:26:13to see its profits

00:26:13decline

00:26:14because consumers

00:26:15no longer identified

00:26:16with their ingredients

00:26:18science diet

00:26:19has since refocused

00:26:20on rebranding

00:26:21their image

00:26:22as more natural

00:26:23creating new product lines

00:26:25and shying away

00:26:26from controversial

00:26:27and rendered ingredients

00:26:30the National Renders Association

00:26:32argues that they are

00:26:33providing a necessary role

00:26:34when it comes to the

00:26:35recycling of animal carcasses

00:26:38if there wasn't anywhere

00:26:39to put the animal waste

00:26:40from the human food industry

00:26:42where would it go

00:26:43in the earth

00:26:44in the air

00:26:46in the ocean

00:26:49it all has to go somewhere

00:26:55we have a huge

00:26:57quality control problem

00:26:58meaning the quality

00:26:59of ingredients

00:27:00coming into the industry

00:27:01anything from

00:27:03potentially fabulous

00:27:04USDA inspected

00:27:05human grade

00:27:06all the way down

00:27:07to entirely rendered

00:27:09which is every piece

00:27:11and part

00:27:11you could ever imagine

00:27:12and actually probably

00:27:13don't even want

00:27:14to think about

00:27:15the final result

00:27:16is used to manufacture

00:27:17hundreds of products

00:27:18everything from soap

00:27:20to candles

00:27:21to pet food

00:27:22to cosmetics

00:27:23pet food manufacturers

00:27:25get their raw ingredients

00:27:26from a variety

00:27:27of sources

00:27:28ingredients can be

00:27:29leftovers from

00:27:30the human food

00:27:31processing plants

00:27:32leftovers from

00:27:33slaughterhouses

00:27:34or ranchers

00:27:35and farmers

00:27:36that have had animals

00:27:37die

00:27:37those industry

00:27:38leftovers

00:27:39and dead animals

00:27:40are collected

00:27:41by rendering facilities

00:27:43pet food companies

00:27:44blend these recycled

00:27:45ingredients together

00:27:46with synthetic vitamins

00:27:48and minerals

00:27:48to create a profitable

00:27:49quote complete and

00:27:51balanced diet

00:27:52that is then marketed

00:27:53to pet lovers

00:27:54I'll tell you a story

00:27:57you'll never forget

00:27:58a story about you

00:28:00and your cigarette

00:28:01enjoy smoother smoking

00:28:03choose wisely

00:28:04choose well

00:28:05smoke longer

00:28:06and finer

00:28:06and milder

00:28:07pell-mell

00:28:08pell-mell

00:28:09so the pet food industry

00:28:10today is similar

00:28:11to the tobacco industry

00:28:12in the 40s and 50s

00:28:14when you had medical doctors

00:28:16recommend the use of tobacco

00:28:17not because it was conspiracy

00:28:19or they believed

00:28:20that they were in any way

00:28:21harming

00:28:21they just didn't know

00:28:23tens of thousands

00:28:24of doctors

00:28:24general practitioners

00:28:26surgeons

00:28:26specialists

00:28:27doctors in every branch

00:28:29of medicine

00:28:29were included

00:28:30very similar

00:28:31in my opinion

00:28:32to what's happening

00:28:33in the pet food industry

00:28:34you have well-meaning

00:28:35lovely veterinarians

00:28:36recommending foods

00:28:37not because they have

00:28:38sound nutritional background

00:28:39but because that's all

00:28:40that they know

00:28:41in a hundred years time

00:28:43we have successfully

00:28:44convinced an entire

00:28:46generation of pet lovers

00:28:47that why would you

00:28:48feed anything but

00:28:49dog food

00:28:50or cat food

00:28:51looking at the rules

00:28:52that guide the pet food

00:28:53industry

00:28:53it's easy to see

00:28:55how they are set up

00:28:55to benefit the corporations

00:28:57over the consumer

00:28:59the regulators have created

00:29:00special terminology

00:29:01for packages

00:29:02assuming that consumers

00:29:04would be able to guess

00:29:05what they mean

00:29:05any product

00:29:07containing the words

00:29:08dinner

00:29:08nugget

00:29:09or formula

00:29:10only have to contain

00:29:1125% actual meat

00:29:13any product labeled

00:29:14with

00:29:15only has to contain

00:29:163% meat

00:29:17furthermore

00:29:19the so-called

00:29:20flavor rule

00:29:21allows for any protein

00:29:23to be listed on the back

00:29:24it may be flavored

00:29:25as meat

00:29:26but in reality

00:29:27a bag that contains

00:29:29the word flavor

00:29:29may contain little

00:29:30to no meat

00:29:31by using the keyword

00:29:33flavor on the package

00:29:35the pet food could

00:29:36but does not have to

00:29:37contain any meat at all

00:29:38but it's acceptable

00:29:40for the package

00:29:40to contain

00:29:41an image of a fresh steak

00:29:43ingredient panels

00:29:44do display protein

00:29:45percentages

00:29:46but protein percentages

00:29:47do not represent

00:29:48actual meat content

00:29:49in the product

00:29:50as protein can come

00:29:52from a multitude

00:29:52of sources

00:29:53this raises the question

00:29:55if the average consumer

00:29:56knows that the terminology

00:29:58used on packages

00:29:59reveal the exact amounts

00:30:00of meats used in foods

00:30:02trying to understand

00:30:03who exactly makes

00:30:04these rules

00:30:05and what their actual

00:30:06legal authority is

00:30:07leads to many

00:30:08different organizations

00:30:09the association

00:30:10of american feed

00:30:11control officials

00:30:12is a non-governmental

00:30:15organization

00:30:15they have a model bill

00:30:17that sets the standards

00:30:18in terms of ingredients

00:30:19nutrient levels

00:30:20package labeling

00:30:21in terms of ingredients

00:30:22as well

00:30:23for pet food companies

00:30:25to abide by

00:30:26each year

00:30:27members of AFCO

00:30:28come together

00:30:29to update their

00:30:30official publication

00:30:31which defines

00:30:32each ingredient

00:30:32that's allowed

00:30:33to go into pet food

00:30:35members of the major

00:30:36pet food companies

00:30:37attend the meetings

00:30:38as well

00:30:38allowing their voice

00:30:40to be heard

00:30:41when it comes

00:30:41to what goes

00:30:42into pet foods

00:30:44so who is AFCO

00:30:46I think if you look

00:30:47at our websites

00:30:48we have some

00:30:49very clear statements

00:30:50about the fact

00:30:51that AFCO

00:30:52is not a regulatory

00:30:53organization in itself

00:30:54that's one thing

00:30:55important

00:30:56the second is

00:30:57that AFCO

00:30:58doesn't approve products

00:30:59what we do

00:31:00is we deal

00:31:01with the ingredients

00:31:01and the scientific

00:31:03validation

00:31:04if you will

00:31:05of the ingredients

00:31:06that go into the food

00:31:07and then the actual

00:31:09claim that a

00:31:09manufacturer makes

00:31:10that it's AFCO

00:31:11approved

00:31:12is probably not

00:31:13representing what

00:31:14what AFCO

00:31:15itself would say

00:31:21it's a gathering

00:31:22of sheriffs

00:31:23they're there

00:31:24just to get

00:31:25agreement

00:31:26on the best

00:31:27level of nutrition

00:31:29that can be required

00:31:30FDA has worked

00:31:31closely with AFCO

00:31:32on the regulation

00:31:33of all animal feeds

00:31:34not just pet food

00:31:35I think the important

00:31:37thing to remember

00:31:38is FDA

00:31:39is a true regulatory

00:31:40authority

00:31:40where AFCO

00:31:41is an association

00:31:42of state feed

00:31:44control officials

00:31:44and as such

00:31:46AFCO

00:31:46has no regulatory

00:31:47authority

00:31:48if you meet

00:31:48the nutrient

00:31:49level for protein

00:31:50it makes no

00:31:50difference

00:31:50whether that

00:31:51protein comes

00:31:52from a healthy

00:31:53protein source

00:31:54like chicken

00:31:54or whether it

00:31:55comes from

00:31:56a base protein

00:31:57source like

00:31:57wheat flour

00:31:58or wheat gluten

00:31:59that's been

00:32:00fortified with

00:32:01protein of some

00:32:02kind

00:32:02as long as

00:32:02you meet

00:32:03the nutrient

00:32:03levels

00:32:03that they've

00:32:04set

00:32:05the food

00:32:06is approved

00:32:06as AFCO

00:32:07approved

00:32:08when you look

00:32:08at the AFCO

00:32:09manual

00:32:10I think you

00:32:11really begin

00:32:11to see how

00:32:12the interest

00:32:13of AFCO

00:32:13and the pet

00:32:14food industry

00:32:15aligned

00:32:15actually putting

00:32:16together a list

00:32:17of ingredients

00:32:17that you would

00:32:18want to see

00:32:18in pet foods

00:32:19that you would

00:32:19want your pets

00:32:20to eat

00:32:20and then forcing

00:32:21that on the

00:32:22industry

00:32:22they've done

00:32:23it in reverse

00:32:23and basically

00:32:24just accepted

00:32:25the standards

00:32:26that the industry

00:32:26has been using

00:32:27for years

00:32:28I'm quoting now

00:32:29use of the term

00:32:30or claim

00:32:30natural

00:32:31on pet food

00:32:32labels

00:32:33so if I want

00:32:33to use the word

00:32:34natural

00:32:35on my dog food

00:32:37label

00:32:37here are the

00:32:38rules

00:32:39and I'm

00:32:40quoting this

00:32:41verbatim

00:32:41a feed

00:32:42or ingredient

00:32:43derived solely

00:32:44from plant

00:32:45animal

00:32:45or mind

00:32:46sources

00:32:47either in

00:32:48its unprocessed

00:32:49state

00:32:50or having

00:32:51been subject

00:32:52to physical

00:32:52processing

00:32:53heat processing

00:32:55rendering

00:32:55purification

00:32:57extraction

00:32:58etc

00:32:59it goes on

00:33:00and essentially

00:33:01these are all

00:33:02definitions

00:33:03of the antithesis

00:33:06of natural

00:33:08all consumers

00:33:09would assume

00:33:10that if

00:33:12their dog food

00:33:13said the word

00:33:14natural

00:33:14on it

00:33:16that what's

00:33:17in it

00:33:18would not be

00:33:19a rendered

00:33:20product

00:33:20they're meeting

00:33:21the industry

00:33:22standards

00:33:23and the industry

00:33:24regulations

00:33:24that they've

00:33:25promulgated

00:33:26themselves

00:33:26so it's a

00:33:27vicious circle

00:33:28of they meet

00:33:29their own

00:33:30they create

00:33:30their own

00:33:31regulations

00:33:32they meet

00:33:32their own

00:33:32regulations

00:33:33and then they

00:33:34can claim

00:33:34that they're

00:33:36providing you

00:33:36organic

00:33:36and all

00:33:37natural foods

00:33:38when in fact

00:33:38it doesn't

00:33:39meet what

00:33:39consumers

00:33:40believe

00:33:41those terms

00:33:42actually mean

00:33:43but it does

00:33:43meet what

00:33:44the industry

00:33:44has defined

00:33:45them as

00:33:46the definition

00:33:47of the word

00:33:49and the use

00:33:50of the term

00:33:50organic

00:33:51must have

00:33:523% organic

00:33:53chicken

00:33:54and at least

00:33:5567%

00:33:56other organic

00:33:58ingredients

00:33:58could contain

00:33:59non-organic

00:34:01chicken meal

00:34:02or non-organic

00:34:04chicken fat

00:34:04this is not

00:34:06an independent

00:34:06organization

00:34:07that is

00:34:08regulated by

00:34:08the FDA

00:34:09or USDA

00:34:09this is not

00:34:11the government

00:34:11overseeing

00:34:12safe and

00:34:14adequate food

00:34:14sources for

00:34:15dogs and cats

00:34:15this is a

00:34:16self-regulated

00:34:17industry

00:34:17setting their

00:34:19own requirements

00:34:20and then

00:34:22letting dog

00:34:22and cat food

00:34:23manufacturers know

00:34:24that if they're

00:34:24interested in

00:34:25having the food

00:34:26be labeled as

00:34:27nutritionally

00:34:28adequate

00:34:28they need to

00:34:29adhere to their

00:34:30standards that

00:34:30they have put

00:34:31in place

00:34:31themselves

00:34:32so the FDA's

00:34:33primary role

00:34:34is in

00:34:35regulation of

00:34:35what the

00:34:36label says

00:34:37is in there

00:34:38is actually

00:34:38in there

00:34:38the FDA is

00:34:39not regulating

00:34:40quality production

00:34:42sourcing any

00:34:43of those things

00:34:43they're regulating

00:34:44that what you say

00:34:45is on the label

00:34:46is actually on the

00:34:46label

00:34:47the most shocking

00:34:48thing about the

00:34:49pet food industry

00:34:50that has remained

00:34:51since basically

00:34:52I started doing

00:34:53this work

00:34:53is the FDA

00:34:55compliance policies

00:34:56I still

00:34:58cannot understand

00:34:59how an industry

00:35:01is provided

00:35:02by a federal

00:35:04tax supported

00:35:05organization

00:35:07loopholes to

00:35:09avoid federal

00:35:10law

00:35:10if you go to

00:35:11the FDA website

00:35:12and just type in

00:35:14compliance policies

00:35:15and then scroll down

00:35:17the page to

00:35:18animal feed

00:35:18and there's one

00:35:21after another

00:35:21they allow

00:35:22contamination by

00:35:24pesticides

00:35:25contamination by

00:35:26industrial chemicals

00:35:28contamination by

00:35:29natural toxins

00:35:31contamination by

00:35:32filth

00:35:33microbiological

00:35:35contamination

00:35:36over tolerance

00:35:38or unpermitted

00:35:39drug residues

00:35:41it's incredible

00:35:44the law says

00:35:45that can't be

00:35:46but the compliance

00:35:47policy says

00:35:48don't worry

00:35:50go ahead

00:35:51we won't

00:35:52enforce the law

00:35:53the reforms

00:35:54that need to be

00:35:56done in the

00:35:56pet food industry

00:35:57are not done

00:35:57there are some

00:36:01steps that I've

00:36:02seen

00:36:02people seem to be

00:36:03interested

00:36:03I've had a lot

00:36:04of FDA

00:36:06you know

00:36:07you talk to the

00:36:07FDA and they're

00:36:08like we really

00:36:08want to fix this

00:36:10but the fact is

00:36:12it's pet food

00:36:13and who has the

00:36:14time

00:36:14and who has the

00:36:15money really

00:36:16I mean you know

00:36:17we've got bigger

00:36:17fish to fry right

00:36:18now

00:36:18for all practical

00:36:20purposes

00:36:21there's nobody

00:36:22looking out for

00:36:23the average dog

00:36:24in 2006

00:36:25a mystery illness

00:36:27began to

00:36:27sicken thousands

00:36:28of pets across

00:36:29the United States

00:36:30and Canada

00:36:30thrusting the

00:36:32industry into the

00:36:32spotlight like

00:36:33never before

00:36:35okay everyone is

00:36:36so freaked out

00:36:37about this recall

00:36:37tell us what do

00:36:38people need to

00:36:39know about this

00:36:40recall

00:36:40well so it's

00:36:41menu food

00:36:42menu foods

00:36:43menu foods

00:36:44menu foods

00:36:45on March 16th

00:36:462007

00:36:47menu foods

00:36:48began recalling

00:36:49dog foods

00:36:49produced in their

00:36:50facilities in

00:36:51Kansas and New

00:36:52Jersey

00:36:52what disturbs me

00:36:54about this

00:36:54incident is that

00:36:55it confirms yet

00:36:55again that pet

00:36:56food as well as

00:36:57human food is at

00:36:58risk

00:36:58more than 60

00:36:59million packages

00:37:00were taken off

00:37:00store shelves last

00:37:01month because they

00:37:02apparently contained

00:37:03wheat gluten that

00:37:04was tainted with

00:37:05the chemical melamine

00:37:05when the recall was

00:37:06announced nobody knew

00:37:08what the problem was

00:37:09veterinary offices are

00:37:10getting flooded with

00:37:11phone calls from

00:37:11concerned pet owners

00:37:12the people on the

00:37:13other end of the

00:37:14phone sound worried

00:37:15yes very worried

00:37:16yes no official

00:37:17estimates on exactly

00:37:19how many have died

00:37:20so far but hundreds

00:37:21of pets have

00:37:22suffered my strong

00:37:23belief is that they

00:37:25were intentionally

00:37:25delaying the recall

00:37:27happened because they

00:37:28thought they were

00:37:29purchasing a certain

00:37:31protein product called

00:37:32wheat gluten that has

00:37:33actually a pretty high

00:37:34protein count when in

00:37:37fact they were buying

00:37:38wheat flour that had

00:37:39been laced with

00:37:40cyanuric acid and

00:37:42melamine in order to

00:37:43pass it off as wheat

00:37:44gluten the way they

00:37:45test protein sources is

00:37:48to do this to check the

00:37:49level of hydrogen in it

00:37:50and both cyanuric acid

00:37:52and melamine have high

00:37:54levels of hydrogen so

00:37:55they just would inject

00:37:56the wheat flour with

00:37:58this these poisons and

00:38:01pass it off as wheat

00:38:02gluten and the reason

00:38:03they were doing that is

00:38:04that wheat gluten costs a

00:38:06lot more per protein

00:38:08count per ton than wheat

00:38:10flour and the wheat

00:38:11gluten got into many

00:38:13food system it infiltrated

00:38:15all this other pet food

00:38:18that's when hundreds of

00:38:20pets got sick or died

00:38:21from eating the food

00:38:22made by menu foods that

00:38:24company makes dog and

00:38:25cat food under 90 brand

00:38:27names in 2007 pet owners

00:38:31didn't have any idea that

00:38:32one manufacturer menu foods

00:38:34made hundreds of different

00:38:37varieties of food that was

00:38:39a betrayal of trust to so

00:38:41many pet owners this is

00:38:43leading people to wonder at

00:38:44this point what can we

00:38:45safely feed our pets do we

00:38:48need more i hate to say

00:38:49this regulation of pet

00:38:52food more inspection or

00:38:53some way to get to the

00:38:54bottom of this arena

00:38:56tonight is recalling a

00:38:57batch of its purina one

00:38:58dog food a warning

00:39:00tonight to check the food

00:39:02you are feeding your pet

00:39:03many vets are reporting

00:39:04that they are seeing pets

00:39:05getting sick from recalled

00:39:07dog food food that should

00:39:08have been taken off store

00:39:10shelves months ago

00:39:12remember vividly i was

00:39:13sitting in my little office

00:39:15i got a call out of the

00:39:17blue from a woman named

00:39:19don majersek who told me

00:39:21that she wanted to bring

00:39:22the lawsuit against the

00:39:23entire pet food industry

00:39:25they knew they had

00:39:26contaminated food they knew

00:39:29it was poison they knew

00:39:31it killed animals and they

00:39:33continued to sell it and

00:39:35put it on the market i mean

00:39:37you just don't do that but

00:39:38it's a it's a money market

00:39:40they were making money and

00:39:42i wanted it stopped cbs

00:39:44news has learned the

00:39:45tainted wheat gluten used

00:39:46in pet food was human

00:39:48grade meaning nothing but

00:39:49luck kept it from being

00:39:50used in the food people

00:39:51eat too the most shocking

00:39:53aspect discovered in two

00:39:55subcommittee hearings was

00:39:57that the ingredient used in

00:39:58the pet foods that was

00:40:00responsible for killing the

00:40:01animals was actually legal

00:40:03to use in human foods on

00:40:05top of that the fda admitted

00:40:07that there was no penalty

00:40:09given to accompany if they

00:40:10failed to notify the fda in

00:40:12a reasonable amount of

00:40:13time in this case many foods

00:40:17face criticism for failing to

00:40:19notify the fda for over three

00:40:21weeks even after they

00:40:23confirmed dogs and cats were

00:40:25dying and they knew the

00:40:26cause but other than

00:40:28complain about the ethics no

00:40:30one in a government position

00:40:31could find menu foods for

00:40:33allowing the food to continue

00:40:35to be sold even though they

00:40:36knew animals would die as a

00:40:38result but menu foods would

00:40:40not testify the lobby group

00:40:43that came in its place was

00:40:44left to explain why menu

00:40:45supposedly knew tests were

00:40:47making animals sick on

00:40:48february 20th but didn't tell

00:40:50the fda until three weeks

00:40:52later let's get the record

00:40:53straight now menu waited more

00:40:55than three weeks after finding

00:40:57out that the dogs wouldn't eat

00:40:58their food and were getting

00:40:59sick they waited three weeks i

00:41:02don't have the facts on menu

00:41:03senator i don't think before

00:41:04you came to the hearing you

00:41:05would have the facts but on

00:41:06the industry side they were

00:41:08still maintaining that they

00:41:10were highly regulated though the

00:41:12evidence exposed by the recall

00:41:14appeared to confirm the fear that

00:41:16the industry wasn't regulated very

00:41:18much pet foods are indeed a highly

00:41:21regulated product they are perhaps

00:41:24the most regulated product in the

00:41:25supermarket shop mr nelson was very

00:41:29clear in a statement that afco has

00:41:31no regulatory authority we've been

00:41:33told by the fda that there is no

00:41:35pre-market approval of this product

00:41:37sold to consumers we know that

00:41:39there's no regular inspection of the

00:41:41facilities that make these products

00:41:43what we are told is that thirty

00:41:45percent of these facilities will be

00:41:47inspected once or twice over a three

00:41:50and a half year period we know that

00:41:53there is no government authority to

00:41:55recall a contaminated product we know

00:41:58that there was no mandatory state

00:42:00inspection standards established by

00:42:03the food and drug administration

00:42:04across the united states we know that

00:42:07the claims being made on the label

00:42:09here about this dog food are beyond

00:42:12the claims that can be made about

00:42:14human food and we're told at least

00:42:17dr hodgkins has told us that it's

00:42:20questionable as to whether or not a

00:42:22company that makes a contaminated pet

00:42:24food has to report to anyone about

00:42:26adverse events in a timely fashion

00:42:28whether a dog has died or dogs are

00:42:31dying when i go through that long

00:42:33list of things it's hard to conclude

00:42:35this is a highly regulated product

00:42:37but in terms of having another

00:42:39outbreak in terms of scale of 2007

00:42:42really think that our pets are the

00:42:43canaries in the coal mine so to speak

00:42:45the only way we'll know is when our

00:42:47pets starting start to get sick again

00:42:48we're still having recalls we're

00:42:50having you know chicken jerky that's

00:42:52killing thousands of pets we can't

00:42:55identify the source of the contaminant

00:42:57that's still killing pets that's scary

00:43:00after the 2007 recall another mysterious

00:43:03illness began to plague dogs all across

00:43:06the country it was soon discovered that

00:43:08consumers who purchase various brands of

00:43:10chicken jerky treats to reward their

00:43:12dogs were actually poisoning their pets

00:43:15instead owners were devastated to find

00:43:18their dogs either sick or dead after

00:43:20consuming these so-called treats we

00:43:23went to pets more and uh my wife was

00:43:25looking at the treat aisle there and she

00:43:28saw dehydrated turkey chicken treats and

00:43:32she's like well why don't we just want

00:43:34to try these this is the only thing i see

00:43:36is just in chicken so i agreed you know

00:43:39and we brought it home and we fed it and

00:43:42you know didn't take long before we saw

00:43:44big changes

00:43:47and what stands out in my mind from

00:43:50buying them that day is that i looked at

00:43:52the bag and they appeared wholesome they

00:43:55really had this almost organic good for

00:43:58you feel about the packaging and so we

00:44:01grabbed three packages it was around

00:44:02christmas time that we bought them and

00:44:04we put them all in the stockings for the

00:44:06dogs so i remember getting them because

00:44:09they looked so good for the dogs we

00:44:12believe your dog deserves treats maybe

00:44:14the same quality of ingredients and care

00:44:16that you want with your food

00:44:20created by people who love dogs no

00:44:23artificial colors no artificial flavors or

00:44:25fillers

00:44:27and the list ingredient is very short the

00:44:31packaging just looks like a it's looks

00:44:35like they've put a lot of thought into it and

00:44:36looks like they care about their animals it

00:44:38looks like it's real food and nothing

00:44:42artificial and there's just a a kitchen

00:44:46home-style dog so it you just would lend

00:44:49lend you to think that it's healthy it's

00:44:52more natural it's like a jerky that almost

00:44:55looks like human jerky

00:45:02while cali was at the vet i knew that she

00:45:05had eaten the milo's treats so while she was

00:45:07there i went online and i started

00:45:08researching and i was sick to find that

00:45:13there was just this huge amount of

00:45:15information about these chicken jerky treats

00:45:17it was milo's it was canyon creek it was

00:45:20wagon train there were dead dogs there were

00:45:22dying dogs uh dogs with just crazy problems

00:45:27from them the american companies selling the

00:45:29chicken jerky were all sourcing their

00:45:31treats from one single manufacturing facility

00:45:34in china even though they were labeled and

00:45:36sold as several different brands a

00:45:39practice known as white labeling

00:45:43over a span of years the companies involved

00:45:46strongly denied that their products were causing

00:45:48any such harm even though thousands of

00:45:50complaints were pouring in from their consumers

00:45:53since 2007 the fda has extensively tested many brands of chicken jerky treats

00:45:58including ours that testing has identified

00:46:01no contaminants and no definitive cause linking these products to reported

00:46:06illnesses in dogs in the initial stages of backlash

00:46:09companies tried to get consumers to sign non-disclosure agreements

00:46:13which would have barred consumers from legally speaking about the death of their pets

00:46:17a way to silence the very victims this had happened to

00:46:20del monte offered money in exchange for signatures but their bribery backfired

00:46:25offended pet owners refused the money even banning together on a facebook page

00:46:29to share their stories and information to try and get the products recalled from

00:46:33the store shelves and now when i came down in the morning

00:46:36um i checked on her and she was breathing and she was sleeping

00:46:40and um i went upstairs to take a shower and i heard her food bowl

00:46:44go across the floor and i go oh callie's up and i took a shower and then i

00:46:49came back

00:46:49downstairs and she was dead this is that fast

00:46:56yeah

00:47:01um went to move her

00:47:08there was blood everywhere she had been bleeding out of her chest and

00:47:14her mouth opened and she was bleeding out of her mouth and her nose

00:47:22it was the most horrible thing i've ever seen

00:47:27well i lifted her up and my hand was just

00:47:30covered

00:47:36so when i called del monte i received uh a woman at their i presume their call center and it

00:47:44was

00:47:44almost scripted her response to me any reports out there with dogs becoming sick or dying or anything

00:47:51from our milos um the fda did step in they did expensive amount of testing they did a

00:47:5717-step process

00:47:59um you know in reference to our treats there has not to this day been any link to any of

00:48:06those

00:48:06reports that consumers put on the internet nor has there been any contaminants found that's why they

00:48:12are still on the market today as we speak and we do stand behind the products

00:48:18dogs um can get sick from any new treat you know any type of food that's new to them

00:48:25um as far as

00:48:26you know death or anything like that like i said anything that has ever been reported um the fda

00:48:32did

00:48:33step in and there's never been any contaminants or any link to any of those illnesses with a

00:48:37treat

00:48:37it was crystal clear that the products were not coming off the shelf anytime soon so my next call was

00:48:43to my local abc station rachel chambers of morgan hill lost her dog cali yesterday morning

00:48:49she says

00:48:50it was a sudden and painful death the vet found that she died after her stomach twisted and rupt

00:48:55ured

00:48:55but it remains undetermined what caused that to happen according to the fda nearly 1 000 pet

00:49:01owners

00:49:01have complained about this product despite the fda warnings the treats are still on shelves at target

00:49:07walmart costco petco and pet smart and it's admittedly it's somewhat frustrating because

00:49:13we haven't been able to find a problem with the product we say yes there are sick animals

00:49:18we believe there's strong evidence it's associated with it but when we go look at the product

00:49:22and we've tested for numerous things and we haven't been able to find anything that would suggest

00:49:28that this product right here there's a problem with sometimes toxic ingredients are a combination of

00:49:34things sometimes a toxic ingredient you know is is when you mix this with that and then that creates

00:49:40the problem so if you're looking for just one thing it's hard to know what that is the

00:49:44chicken

00:49:45jerky issue lasted until 2013 nearly six years after the first complaints were made upon investigation

00:49:52the new york state department of agriculture discovered illegal traces of antibiotics in the

00:49:58treats even though it couldn't be proven that the antibiotics had directly caused the deaths of the

00:50:03pets it was a technical adulterant needed for the state department to force these companies to

00:50:09withdraw the products in question from the shelves the trace amounts of antibiotic residue found in

00:50:15these samples are not linked to the fda's ongoing investigation of chicken jerky products and again the

00:50:22trace

00:50:22amounts of antibiotic residue do not pose a health or pet safety risk it has damaged my trust

00:50:28i i don't trust companies anymore they don't care about me they care about my money

00:50:35and that's that's a terrible thing when death or sickness is involved the cards appear to be

00:50:41stacked against consumers this is because according to the united states government your beloved

00:50:46companion is considered property that is worth little to no monetary value it's very difficult to

00:50:51put a value on companion animals the courts have struggled with this where it really comes down to

00:50:56a struggle is what are the damages to somebody who has had a pet that's been injured or killed

00:51:02for the most part they're still considered a piece of property most courts are willing to just do the

00:51:07quickest possible analysis which is you know what did you pay for the animal how much did you suffer

00:51:13in terms of veterinary veterinarian bills or that kind of thing in terms of caring for the animal

00:51:18and

00:51:18you know that's what you're able to recover rather than the sort of emotional connection that you have

00:51:23with the animal or that kind of thing in 2015 government agencies value human life between

00:51:28six and nine million dollars to provide some leverage to consumers in the unfortunate case that injury or

00:51:34death were to occur in contrast within the pet food world no such evaluation exists even in the

00:51:40largest of class action lawsuits the money awarded to victims whose pets have been directly harmed by pet food

00:51:46is insignificant when compared to the massive profits that companies make each year so as far as profits

00:51:53are involved there is no incentive for companies to do what consumers believe is the right thing i'm

00:51:59sebastian gay i'm a i'm the father of a theory of economic valuation of companion animals providing

00:52:07an economic

00:52:08valuation for companion animals creates a formula which can then be used to fairly evaluate the worth of a dog

00:52:14or cat

00:52:15the main problem in the valuation of companion animals was the discrepancy that existed between

00:52:24the true value of a companion animal that veterinarians were giving you in case something happened to

00:52:29them and the amount of money that people were spending on their companion animals if settlements like the

00:52:34one in 2007 were not in the millions but instead in the hundreds of millions that alone would be a

00:52:40game

00:52:40changer for corporations who would be under serious pressure to prevent recalls at all costs i don't think

00:52:47the playing field has entirely changed but it might soon you know it it takes a big case i think

00:52:53to to really

00:52:54change everything

00:52:59i'm susan thicston and i run the website truthaboutpetfood.com

00:53:06i started teaching people about pet food before the website began about 20 years ago my own dog almost

00:53:15overnight we noticed a tumor on her pelvic bone took her to the vet and he told me that the

00:53:22it was a

00:53:23chemical preservative in the pet food was more than likely this was bone cancer and this chemical preservative

00:53:30in the food was more more than likely the cause of the cancer and you know my brain couldn't

00:53:37wrap my head around that how could a food that i trusted and this was the leading food in the

00:53:42united states at the time

00:53:44how could a food cause cancer and kill my dog and he said it was to extend the shelf life

00:53:53well back then i

00:53:55barely knew what shelf life was but i called this pet food manufacturer just to confirm because i was

00:54:03really doubting my own vet and asked them what the shelf life was of this particular dog food and

00:54:10what

00:54:10they told me literally changed my life their exact words which are seared into my brain were the shelf

00:54:18life

00:54:18the pet food would stay fresh for 25 years there was that many chemicals in the food that the food

00:54:26would

00:54:27stay fresh for more than three times longer than my dog left when you have a dog or a cat

00:54:34that pet food

00:54:36kills your own pet and you poured that food in their bowl so you feel really responsible it is life

00:54:45altering

00:54:47weekly if not daily i hear from other pet owners that were in the same exact boat as me that

00:54:56's what keeps you going

00:55:00i'm very optimistic that the more awareness will bring about change i think the big players big pet food

00:55:12will

00:55:12still be there uh just like mcdonald's is is still serving up food however pets eat

00:55:20that mcdonald's every

00:55:22single day so it's very important for pet owners to be aware more than fast food purchasers

00:55:27but

00:55:29as mcdonald's has stayed in business health food smaller stores have also grown if not even

00:55:38more rapidly

00:55:39and i believe the same thing is happening right now in the pet food industry big pet food is still

00:55:46there but a lot a lot of small very health conscious companies are growing very rapidly and gaining a lot

00:55:57of

00:55:57customers this is an interesting quandary for the dry food industry because they're they have to do one

00:56:02of two

00:56:02things they either have to come up with more information to be able to bash the raw food industry

00:56:07or the second option is they have to listen to what clients are asking for which means really educated

00:56:14clients are going to the veterinarian saying i want to see meat first on the label i don't

00:56:18want to see

00:56:18extra carbohydrates i want to see no additional fillers preservatives or unnecessary ingredients on the

00:56:25label so some of these pet foods have wisely decided to join the bandwagon wolves the wild

00:56:32ancestors of your dog using the same brash marketing style that the major pet food companies established

00:56:38one company would soon challenge the industry's obsessive use and stance on grain feed your dog's

00:56:44wolf spirit with blue wilderness in their commercials blue buffalo took a bold step questioning ingredient i

00:56:51compare the ingredients in lots of them corn gluten meal not too sure exactly what that is this style

00:56:56of marketing worked quickly catapulting blue buffalo into a billion dollar brand blue life protection

00:57:01foods are made with the finest natural ingredients and start with real meat as they say you know you've

00:57:07made it when you're parodied on saturday night live ground yellow corn chicken byproduct meal

00:57:13the thing

00:57:14that gets me is like what kind of person thinks it's okay to put a big drawing of a

00:57:19chicken

00:57:19on the front of the bag and yet there's no chicken in there you know what other compromises

00:57:24can we

00:57:24make you want you want to have sex with my husband bend over pat they want to get that ass

00:57:28no but one

00:57:29company wasn't seeing the humor purina and blue buffalo are locked in a nasty battle and it's

00:57:35all

00:57:35about what's inside those bags of dog and cat food some people will try to tell you that your

00:57:42dog is a

00:57:43carnivore and requires only a diet of meat they may tell you your dog is like a wolf

00:57:48but even a wolf

00:57:49diet is built on more than just meat blue buffalo claims its pet food is free of chicken and pou

00:57:56ltry

00:57:56byproducts the suit alleges testing at an independent lab found significant percentages of poultry byproduct

00:58:03meal in blue buffalo's top selling life protection products purina sue blue buffalo for false advertising

00:58:11eventually leading to a class action lawsuit purina launched a website called pet food honesty

00:58:19the irony of the entire lawsuit however was purina's own lack of transparency when it came to their

00:58:24own products they refused to answer questions on camera about the quality or source of their own

00:58:30ingredients since you guys are suing blue buffalo for like transparency and ingredients i just wanted to

00:58:36give you guys an opportunity to talk to this film and the consumers about the transparency of your own

00:58:42ingredients okay all right i will pass this along after purina failed to respond to our request

00:58:49we tried again so you don't have a idea of a date whenever you guys would like to respond

00:58:57well it will not be me responding so i am not sure it's it's kind of up to

00:59:01um you know when he will

00:59:04respond she does have the information purina would not defend their own alleged lack of true

00:59:11transparency we reached out to blue buffalo as well who also refused to go on camera if this really was

00:59:17about transparency and honesty why was no one talking a one-on-one interview with the heads of

00:59:24these major pet food manufacturers would never happen because you can ask questions that are too

00:59:29difficult to answer honestly openly or appropriately that could put them in a compromised position but

00:59:35the market for premium food is growing the fastest with more pet parents seeking nutritious and natural

00:59:41food for their dogs and with american pet owners expected to spend nearly 23 billion dollars this year

00:59:48on food for these treasured members of the family the stakes are high some of these companies that have

00:59:55repeatedly said it's not a problem to feed wheat or corn are now coming out with grain-free

01:00:00foods

01:00:01that they are labeling as more species-appropriate or biologically correct or grain-free where previously

01:00:08they have acknowledged that there was not a reason to produce these foods they're now all of them

01:00:13coming out with a grain-free food really i believe to compete in a marketplace that's becoming more

01:00:18competitive at the american holistic veterinary medical association annual conference we have

01:00:24all of these great food suppliers that are there not only discussing their products but exchanging

01:00:27ideas everyone's very open veterinarians are capable of going from booth to booth to get an

01:00:32idea of what the products are about how they're manufactured ingredient lists the owners of these small

01:00:37pet food companies are are passionate wildly passionate about the products that they're producing and

01:00:43they're eager to speak with you and they want you to know more and they want you to ask

01:00:46questions

01:00:50some of the big pet manufacturing companies have have acquired a booth at these conventions and although

01:00:57they're there i guess representing themselves there is no discussion

01:01:08the fact that veterinarians come around and are looking at stuff this is how we get information and

01:01:14it's sort of cool like for example i've never looked at this bag before and i want to

01:01:18find out

01:01:18what's what's in it because that's the kind of person i am so your stuff usually is

01:01:22on the side

01:01:23right okay right pull this out of here so you've got this one has barley in it this one

01:01:29has barley right

01:01:31there's ideal balance

01:01:35industry leaders are incredibly cautious about making sure that every time that they are publicly

01:01:40on tape or have any printed information it's a well calculated formulated response that they're in

01:01:47control of do i think that they make that the top pet food manufacturers in this country could be

01:01:52striving to produce a more species-appropriate better quality pet food sure do i think that their motive

01:01:58is probably more economic and trying to maintain their market share than producing a fabulous quality pet

01:02:05food i do most companies that attended the trade show were happy to speak with our cameras proud to show

01:02:12their products in transparency but when we revisited the science diet booth with our questions about

01:02:20the species appropriateness of their products and the sourcing of their diets we were refused interviews

01:02:25and instructed to contact their media department team so we did hi cole this is lisa rubio with

01:02:33hills pet nutrition i just wanted to let you know that hills decided not to participate in this documentary

01:02:39all other major pet food brands also flat out refused or ignored multiple requests to participate in this film

01:03:03all over the world independent pet stores are now offering a solution to the growing population of

01:03:08the concern pet owners for almost their entire existence major pet food stores only carry dry

01:03:16or canned food while independent stores were adequately addressing the concerns of their customers by selling

01:03:22raw dehydrated or alternative diets the big box pet stores are recognizing that there's only a market for

01:03:30human grade species-appropriate foods but there are pet lovers going and asking for these foods the industry

01:03:36has felt the threat of the independent pet stores popping up across the nation in reaction they've launched

01:03:42their own chain of smaller stores with the appearance that what they're offering is healthier

01:03:49so many well-intentioned customers are still left wondering what is the right thing to do

01:03:55so you're talking to people i'm doing this thing and they want okay so what is the answer

01:03:59so to me

01:04:00that's what happens to me every day i've got people who come to me and say what is

01:04:04the answer in the end

01:04:06it isn't about perfect it's just about knowing i just happen to see increased health when you really

01:04:14can feed a biologically appropriate diet we shouldn't have strayed so far from it in the first

01:04:19place

01:04:19we have we're gonna have to get back there eventually i'd like to see that i believe is

01:04:25pet guardians our job is to feed the best possible food that we can afford to feed so if you

01:04:31can't

01:04:31afford to feed an organic all raw biologically appropriate diet then my recommendation is to

01:04:37make that your goal consider feeding as much raw balanced human grade food as you can maybe you could

01:04:44use it as snacks throughout the day or maybe you could afford to feed one meal a day the other

01:04:49meal

01:04:49you could consider feeding a dehydrated raw or a canned food by default and because it's least

01:04:56biologically appropriate i only recommend feeding dry food unless you can't afford to feed better

01:05:01quality foods and many people cannot afford to feed better quality foods so even within your dry food

01:05:07choices there are better quality dry food choices and there are terrible quality dry food choices and it's

01:05:13your job as a pet guardian to be able to know enough about nutrition to make wise health decisions for

01:05:18your pets

01:05:18rest assured the industry will continue to evolve much like a chameleon in the wild no matter

01:05:25what

01:05:26product is shelved before you understand that every company as well as their packaging is doing its best

01:05:32to convince you that they have the utmost integrity and that their products are of the highest of quality

01:05:38the industry and the ingredients in most products on the shelves boil down to the ease of convenience

01:05:44money and creative labeling you're never going to meet that farmer on the package tour the pet food

01:05:50manufacturing plant where your dog's gourmet food is being made or shake the hand of that ceo

01:05:55it's all just too big with profits as their main goal the cycle will continue on and on again

01:06:03and again

01:06:04when no end in sight

01:06:06so

01:06:12so

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01:14:11peace

01:14:13through a span

01:14:13through a span of 90 high summer days we hit a 180 courts throughout NYC's five boroughs

01:14:19to film listen and play

01:14:22i've played ball in 35 countries through our five continents and can say that the journey we took

01:14:27and what we learned along the way was unlike anything i've ever experienced

01:14:33welcome to New York City outdoor pickup basketball one of the most unique and mythic sports

01:14:37in the most environments in the most environments in the world

01:14:49basketball invented by Dr. James Naismith was first played on December 21st 1891

01:14:55Naismith wants to change lives by providing a physical and spiritual outlet that will positively affect society as

01:15:02a whole

01:15:08the organized game

01:15:10the organized game quickly spread and by the 1930s the sport arrived as a global movement

01:15:16meanwhile in New York City basketball was being reinterpreted outdoors

01:15:21it started to be called the city game and New York was claiming it 110 percent

01:15:26in 1934 there were 119 playgrounds throughout New York City

01:15:31by 1960 there were 777

01:15:35the stage was set

01:15:38pickup basketball happens when someone forms a squad by selecting teammates who are there before

01:15:43the game starts there is no governing body no schedules no coaches or referees present only

01:15:50unwritten rules that change from playground to playground

01:15:55pickup basketball can also simply be the moment that a player picks up a ball and does something

01:16:00with it recreationally it doesn't even have to be on a court there are no boundaries

01:16:29we started in the garbage cans matter of fact i'm gonna take you back a little further we're

01:16:34in the house

01:16:35roll up some socks close the door

01:16:39that's where i first started practicing my jump shot then i was graduated to the room where

01:16:44it's between mom's room and the liver and we played full court no baskets the wall you got

01:16:50a spot on the wall there's a lot of handprints we had to paint over our first experience

01:16:53may have

01:16:54been a hanger wire or a broken bicycle rim or milk crates with the bottles beat out we would

01:17:00have monkey

01:17:01bar games so one would be here won't be here and we would shoot rebound the ball and then

01:17:06we run

01:17:06around the monkey bars in front of our buildings even those courts used to get crazy crowded so when

01:17:11they got crowded we had to come here which like we called the garbage can court we had um one

01:17:16against

01:17:17the park house and another one against the sandpit and we made that like our madison square garden

01:17:22my favorite moment was playing on garbage cans believe it or not and you had to play with balls

01:17:25with the titties in them you know with the lumps in it but i do remember the rubberized

01:17:28balls back in

01:17:29the day you know back in the 50s the basketball just to get pregnant and we're playing we

01:17:34didn't even

01:17:35play with that you know as long as we got a game my first christmas gift was a pair

01:17:40of converses

01:17:40they were seven dollars and fifty cents and that was like semi had gave me a thousand dollars we're

01:17:45playing our dungarees and that's cut off and we just go from there we just had

01:17:50regular pants you know

01:17:52like our swim trunks when i was balling the shorts was like you know what did the girl

01:17:56said

01:17:56the pool pool shorts as you got bigger pops finally put up a little basket on the telephone pole

01:18:03still on the block now three on three play with whoever's out and the neighbor whoever comes out

01:18:09we came out at nine in the morning a.m and we leave until 9 p.m go get sod

01:18:17as maybe get some cookies

01:18:19a sandwich and play i mean i didn't care if it was a hundred or whatever we played all

01:18:24day

01:18:24anywhere there was a sound of a ball whatever ball we was going to play we didn't have to

01:18:28know

01:18:28anybody walking park call next we got next and we sit and we wait and we hope get up go

01:18:33to another

01:18:34borough get on the train and that's what we did all day then go back home go to

01:18:38sleep get up do it

01:18:40again when we was young i didn't have all that atari place didn't have us so what

01:18:43we did was basketball in

01:18:45the rain any cable snow and sleet and rain boots this is what we did man it's in

01:18:48my blood the heat didn't

01:18:49matter we're talking about minimum water the fountain used to work from time to time sometimes

01:18:55it didn't and there was no bottle of water back then okay we'll go up to a friend

01:18:59's house up here

01:19:00and you know or somebody bring a big jug of water that we all drink from the same jug what

01:19:03have you

01:19:03so you know it's the way it was no gatorade although basketball was conceived as an indoor

01:19:10team sport

01:19:11new yorkers took the game outdoors reinvented it and started adding their own style and creativity

01:19:17to how it could be played finally get to graduate to go to 275 park where in browns

01:19:25ville in brooklyn

01:19:25you grew up playing half court basketball if you came on the park one-on-one or it

01:19:32's one-on-nothing i

01:19:32used to play right hand against left hand all day long full court by myself until people came out

01:19:38played three-on-three as more people came that's how you developed your game sometimes there aren

01:19:45't

01:19:45enough players for a five-on-five other times people just want to be invented enter specialty

01:19:51games they can be super competitive can also help skill development or simply be just for fun

01:19:59being a small guy it was important for me to to get a jump shot with range okay so i

01:20:06designed the game

01:20:07i called it the sundance 15 i gave it my name it had 15 spots but the whole thing

01:20:13was that you would shoot

01:20:14all angles and distances we used to play that we used to play for money you know we used to

01:20:19play

01:20:19for bragging rights you know and we used to play it to work out specialty games have a ton

01:20:23of

01:20:23variations from around the world to taps to knockout but the most universally recognized one is horse

01:20:31in horse a player attempts a shot if made the challenger has to hit it as well or get

01:20:38a letter on a miss

01:20:39whoever spells h-o-r-s-e first loses you had to really work on your

01:20:45skills to play horse off the

01:20:47glass straight in your little dipty-doo you might have one guy that jumps out the park so

01:20:54all he wants

01:20:54to do is dunk and everybody else can only smack the backboard you know what i'm saying so

01:20:58we said no

01:20:58dunking you know what i'm saying when this guy's playing i used to win money in college

01:21:03off a horse

01:21:04doing trick shots and shooting behind over the head backwards all my shots were money shot barbito

01:21:09i'd ask me a question like that barbito come on everything i put up went in i

01:21:14was a pure shooter man

01:21:46it was a game called boots up booties one-on-one contest the loser got to stand

01:21:53against the fence

01:21:54and you take the ball and they have to bend over and you throw the ball at them so that

01:21:58's another thing

01:21:59humiliation is in the park all the girls are watching you standing on the fence and the guy's

01:22:04throwing a ball at you that's fast that's player that's playground basketball at its best that don

01:22:09't

01:22:09happen in the nba you can't even put a dollar sign on that one when you talk about

01:22:13the game of five two

01:22:15you shoot the five from the top of the key and the two is the follow-up shot and

01:22:20you add up your points

01:22:2152 points this game now the key is that if you make the five and the two consecutively you

01:22:29shoot

01:22:29again and the other guy doesn't get that turn so the key to winning the game is if you

01:22:35can go on a

01:22:36consecutive roll five two five two five two and that's what generally i would do

01:22:46on sundays i used to wait till about one o'clock in the afternoon and then i would come

01:22:50out to the

01:22:50court by that time all the guys that used to sell the sunday newspapers they had sold all their

01:22:55newspapers and they would come out and they would want to shoot see but i wasn't selling papers i

01:22:59would

01:22:59wait till they got finished and then i win all their money shooting five two it was like a part

01:23:06-time job

01:23:13ball game my money to the winner goes the money keep it here baby all day in the mid-

01:23:211960s defenders

01:23:22were added to five two and became the game 21 aka utah no teammates you against the world let

01:23:31me tell you

01:23:32about 21 in any park anywhere in new york city sometimes it'd be like eight dudes 10 dudes

01:23:38playing

01:23:3821 be like four people guarding you trying to get the ball so you're working on your ball handling

01:23:42right

01:23:43there and your speed and quickness because you're trying to get through them or around them or shake

01:23:47a couple you're working up on your one or two dribble pull-ups because if that's

01:23:51that many people

01:23:51defending you chances are you can't get to the basket so you're working on all facets of the

01:23:55game

01:23:56depending on how many people are in this 21. your reaction and when you got to shoot it got to

01:24:02be

01:24:02a pinpoint it got to be quick sharp and everything so that sharpens up the skill

01:24:31it more or less makes you a ball handler and a shooter which is more or less what new y

01:24:34orkers are

01:24:34known for especially here in brooklyn yeah i said it 21 you really don't got to pass

01:24:38the ball to

01:24:38nobody and plus you get everybody playing defense so that's why i think new york city got that

01:24:44handle

01:24:44because everybody plays 21 everywhere you go and you got you know the strongest survive so if you can

01:24:48win a 21 game one time a week you good you could talk about that all night

01:24:56no matter what park kevin and i would ride to we'd always find people playing 21.

01:25:4121 city-wide influence made it clear that the game is singularly responsible for new york's

01:25:46signature guard play in the playground and in the pros

01:26:00for me i used to be in 45th park every day

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