- 1 day ago
Philosopher Stefan Molyneux lays out the Truth About the 2026 Canadian wildfires by showing they hit remote boreal forests from lightning and dry weather, spread fast through wind and embers, and are hard to fight because of a lack of roads and difficult terrain. He discusses prescribed burns and honest management over blaming climate change or wasting money on endless suppression.
Sources: https://fdrurl.com/canadafire
Full slideshow with notes: https://fdrurl.com/canadafire-notes
0:00:00 Canada Wildfire Crisis
0:02:39 Fire Causes and Spread
0:05:47 Wildfire Costs
0:06:58 Forest Terms and Firebombers
0:09:56 Failed Fire Management
0:11:46 Prescribed Burns
0:14:48 Trade-Offs Matter
0:16:46 Private Sector Solutions
0:19:54 Burn Costs and Ownership
0:22:55 Managing Remote Fires
0:24:07 U.S. Assistance Tensions
0:26:50 Climate Claims Challenged
0:30:31 Fire Origin Questions
0:33:16 Glyphosate Debate
0:34:12 Smoke Health Effects
0:34:59 PM2.5 Air Quality
0:36:16 Freedom as Solution
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Sources: https://fdrurl.com/canadafire
Full slideshow with notes: https://fdrurl.com/canadafire-notes
0:00:00 Canada Wildfire Crisis
0:02:39 Fire Causes and Spread
0:05:47 Wildfire Costs
0:06:58 Forest Terms and Firebombers
0:09:56 Failed Fire Management
0:11:46 Prescribed Burns
0:14:48 Trade-Offs Matter
0:16:46 Private Sector Solutions
0:19:54 Burn Costs and Ownership
0:22:55 Managing Remote Fires
0:24:07 U.S. Assistance Tensions
0:26:50 Climate Claims Challenged
0:30:31 Fire Origin Questions
0:33:16 Glyphosate Debate
0:34:12 Smoke Health Effects
0:34:59 PM2.5 Air Quality
0:36:16 Freedom as Solution
GET FREEDOMAIN MERCH! https://shop.freedomain.com/
SUBSCRIBE TO ME ON X! https://x.com/StefanMolyneux
Follow me on Youtube! https://www.youtube.com/@freedomain1
GET MY NEW BOOK 'PEACEFUL PARENTING', THE INTERACTIVE PEACEFUL PARENTING AI, AND THE FULL AUDIOBOOK!
https://peacefulparenting.com/
Join the PREMIUM philosophy community on the web for free!
Subscribers get 12 HOURS on the "Truth About the French Revolution," multiple interactive multi-lingual philosophy AIs trained on thousands of hours of my material - as well as AIs for Real-Time Relationships, Bitcoin, Peaceful Parenting, and Call-In Shows!
You also receive private livestreams, HUNDREDS of exclusive premium shows, early release podcasts, the 22 Part History of Philosophers series and much more!
See you soon!
https://freedomain.locals.com/support/promo/FREEDOMAIN2026
Category
📚
LearningTranscript
00:00Hey everybody, it's Stefan Molyneux from Freedom Man.
00:02Yes, we're going to travel to the far north wastelands of Canada
00:05to the Billy Joel-inspired.
00:07We did start the fire.
00:08This is Canada on fire.
00:10What is going on and what can be done about it?
00:13July 2026, this is Canada wildfires.
00:16That is a scattershot of Nerf gun sky shot lightning strike accuracy here.
00:22There's a lot of fires that are going on.
00:25I actually could point out here,
00:26like I have to mention this every third show,
00:28after high school I worked up north in Canada for a year and a half.
00:33I have been out to these kinds of areas,
00:35to the places where there are nothing but black flies and swamps
00:40and sweat and tears and cold and heat
00:43and the trees even thin out because you get too far north.
00:46So I've been to these kinds of areas, areas you have to fly in.
00:49I spent the winter in a tent in minus 35 degree weather.
00:53I know a little bit about this region and I just wanted to point out
00:56maybe it gives me a bit of credibility, maybe not.
00:59So this is just Ontario, 18th July 2026.
01:02These are the scattershots up here of the fires.
01:07So where are the fires?
01:09The wildfires causing the smoke are all over Canada at this point.
01:13Some of the fires have been burning since June,
01:16with one fire near Collins burning since May,
01:19130 miles north of Thunder Bay,
01:21or as it's known locally, Tunder Bay.
01:23Tunder Bay actually spent quite some time there as well.
01:26There was a significant outbreak of fires during the July 8th, 12th,
01:32corresponding with hot, dry weather and likely lightning strikes.
01:36July 13th and 14th saw rapid expansion of existing fires
01:39and the start of new ones.
01:41So by now, there are 800 to 970 active wildfires with over 180 in Ontario alone.
01:5150 to 100 of the total fires are close enough to human settlements to necessitate evacuation.
01:57Most of the active wildfires, about 85 to 95 percent,
02:01are in remote wilderness and boreal forest areas far away from human settlements.
02:06This is the place that's like you've got to drive three days,
02:08the road runs out, and then you've got to hike in for a couple of days to get there.
02:12Not easy to fight, except, of course, from the air, which we'll get to later.
02:16The extent of the wildfire smoke is not inconsiderable.
02:20This is quite the skid mark all over North America.
02:24As you see, it's going all the way from north of Thunder Bay,
02:27across Philadelphia, New York, Providence, Boston,
02:29and out into the ocean where even the whales are coughing, I believe.
02:35In southwestern, southern Ontario, much of the U.S. northeast, many major cities.
02:39Why?
02:40Why?
02:40Why so much fire?
02:41Well, the direct cause of the wildfires is hot and dry weather drying out fuel for the fires.
02:46But the available fuel for the fires is exacerbated by aggressive fire suppression
02:50and allowing fuel to accumulate.
02:53So it's just one of these paradoxes of forest management
02:56that the more you suppress fires, the worse fire you're going to get.
03:02Lightning strikes are the most likely cause of the most remote fires.
03:05Of course, we'll talk about arson and that sort of stuff.
03:08But if you're going to do arson, you probably don't want to hike for a couple of days
03:11to get there and a couple of days back because you might not outrun the flames you start.
03:16Fires near human settlements are typically attributable to accident or negligence,
03:21contributing 20% to 40% of all wildfires.
03:25Only you can prevent forest fires.
03:27The old smoky guy from at least by youth.
03:29Is he still around?
03:30Out hunting communists, perhaps.
03:32Arson also contributes to the tune of 5% to 10% of human-caused fires
03:36or around 2% of all fires.
03:37Now, of course, it depends where you do the arson,
03:41where these evil guys do the arson,
03:42because if it's a particularly dry stretch and the wind happens to pick it,
03:46it can go much worse.
03:48So many posts on X point at the federal government's mishandling
03:52as the reason behind this year's flare-up.
03:55True or false?
03:56Let's find out.
03:58So wildfires spread through several means,
04:01gossip-sowing circles being the most.
04:03Embers are carried downwind,
04:04which can spread existing fires and ignite new ones.
04:07Large fires create new weather systems,
04:09entire new weather systems,
04:10much like my forehead,
04:11called pyrocumulonimbus,
04:13I always get the tongue twisters,
04:15which themselves emit lightning strikes,
04:16increasing the potential for new fires.
04:18So the fires summon the clouds,
04:20which summon the lightning strikes,
04:21which summon the new fires.
04:23They also heat and dry out the air,
04:24which further dry out fuel downwind.
04:27Of course,
04:28fuel is just the term for dry tinder and timber and undergrowth that can spread the fire.
04:33Why are the fires still going well?
04:37Once a wildfire gets going,
04:39it's very difficult to contain and extinguish,
04:41unlike my social media career.
04:43Many of the fires in Canada are in very remote areas without roads.
04:47Crews have to be flown in via helicopter.
04:48Boy,
04:49and if you ever want to have some exciting times in Northern Ontario,
04:52get flown in by some guy known one-eyed squinty Pete via helicopter.
04:57I've been there a couple of times.
04:59It's a little dizzying.
05:00Aerial fire suppression is only part of the equation.
05:03Marshy areas make it difficult to move heavy equipment in the summer.
05:07A single wildfire can take weeks to contain,
05:09much less extinguish.
05:11And of course,
05:11you're very much dependent on the weather.
05:14Population and forest coverage in North America.
05:16So Canada has about 9,000 times more trees than people.
05:20And most of that forest is very far away from major population centers.
05:24Canada has got the famous younger brother syndrome with the United States.
05:28We claim to dislike it enormously and we huddle close,
05:31as close as possible to the American border continually.
05:34There's really not much up in Northern Canada.
05:37You can go for days and days and days and see nothing but more forest,
05:42more forest and more forest until it thins out to tundra.
05:47So what are the costs of the wildfire?
05:49Insured losses include property damage,
05:51interruption to businesses and some evacuation expenses,
05:53about $3.1 billion nationally in 2023.
05:57Total government spending,
05:59including evacuations,
06:00emergency services and initial recovery,
06:02cost $1.1 billion alone in 2023,
06:07just in Quebec.
06:08Fire suppression alone was about 210 million of this figure.
06:11232,000 people were evacuated across 282 events.
06:18So if you're only spending 210 million and the expenses are 3.1 billion,
06:24let's just say there's room not just for the smoke to rise,
06:27but perhaps,
06:27perhaps for the spending to rise.
06:30Healthcare impacts,
06:31again,
06:31from Quebec,
06:33$585 million in extra ER visits,
06:36hospitalizations,
06:37and repeated burdens.
06:38Quebec,
06:39I think it has the highest smoking rate in Canada,
06:41so it should be fine with forest fires because these are people who smoke in church.
06:45Some sources estimate fires cost Quebec alone up to $8 billion in 2023.
06:53So you could probably spend a little bit more to save some of that money.
06:58All right.
07:00Definitions.
07:00Because apparently I have a few American friends and some friends in Europe who listen and watch to the show,
07:06so we're going to do a little metric imperial back and forth.
07:14So hectare,
07:15an area of land equating to 0.01 square kilometers,
07:20just shy of 2.5 acres.
07:22Or,
07:22for our American friends,
07:23about two American football fields,
07:26roughly the size of a professional soccer pitch,
07:29enough space to park 150 to 200 cars.
07:33And if they all idled,
07:34it still wouldn't equal the forest fire.
07:36Boreal forest,
07:37the vast northern forest belt across Canada,
07:38contains conifer trees like spruce,
07:40pine,
07:41and fir.
07:41Think Christmas.
07:43Contains deciduous hardwoods like aspen,
07:45birch,
07:46and balsam.
07:47Poplar in peatlands and barks,
07:49contains moss,
07:50sedges,
07:51and low shrubs.
07:53In open areas or wetlands,
07:54contains grasses and sedges.
07:56Boreal forests are highly adapted to fire.
07:59The Canadian boreal forest,
08:01I actually counted this myself,
08:04526 million hectares.
08:06I lost count at about 520,
08:08I had to start again.
08:09It was a tough weekend, man.
08:12All right.
08:13This is going to be a shocker for me.
08:15I am a small to no government kind of guy.
08:18So,
08:19in 2021,
08:21while still doing his warm-ups for the Katy Perry videos,
08:23Justin Trudeau promised 450 million for new water bombers
08:26before the next season.
08:29A single water bomber costs 80 to 85 million dollars,
08:34because it's the government and every hammer is $500.
08:39From 2020 to 2026,
08:42the size of the water bomber fleet nationwide remained at 64.
08:47Oh,
08:48that just seems a little low
08:51for millions and millions and millions of hectares.
08:56Now,
08:56an interesting sort of side note,
08:57I did double check,
08:58this seems to be true,
08:59the Black Hawk is the most used firefighting helicopter
09:02in the entire world.
09:03Except,
09:04except in Canada.
09:05Why?
09:06Why except in Canada?
09:07Well,
09:07Transport Canada banned it
09:09in Canada in 2024.
09:11They banned US operators from bringing them in,
09:13in 2025.
09:14So,
09:14the most used heavy firefighting helicopter in the world
09:17is operated
09:19with a near perfect safety record
09:20in the United States,
09:22Australia,
09:23Europe,
09:23New Zealand,
09:24South America,
09:24Asia,
09:25South Africa.
09:26Ah,
09:27but Transport Canada has banned it twice.
09:30With one exception,
09:31the RCMP is allowed to use it for border patrol.
09:34So,
09:34apparently it's safe,
09:36but just not near fires,
09:37which is what it's partly designed to deal with.
09:40So,
09:40Alberta's next water bombers don't arrive
09:43until
09:462031.
09:49Ontario itself
09:50has nine
09:53water bombers
09:54with other provinces lending aid.
09:57Experts,
09:58reports,
09:58and past fires all informed the government
09:59that dead wood
10:00needed to be cleared
10:02and forests needed to be
10:04managed.
10:06Previous fires include
10:072016 Fort McMurray,
10:09589,552 hectares.
10:122017 to 2018,
10:14record BC fire seasons.
10:16That's not before Christ.
10:18That's British Columbia,
10:19which is the California
10:20or the left coast of Canada.
10:22So,
10:23BC fire seasons in 2017,
10:251.2 million hectares
10:27and change.
10:292018,
10:291.35 million hectares.
10:312021,
10:32Lytton was destroyed
10:33with 83,740
10:35hectares burned.
10:382023,
10:39worst wildfire season
10:40in Canadian history,
10:4115 to 17.2 million hectares.
10:432025,
10:44second worst on record
10:45with mass evacuations,
10:478.3 to 8.9 million hectares.
10:50Is it climate change?
10:52We'll see.
10:53I like to keep you all in suspense.
10:56So,
10:56given all the broken promises
10:57of,
10:58oh yeah,
10:58totally man,
10:59we're totally,
11:00totally going to get more
11:01water bombers,
11:02where did the money
11:02end up going?
11:03Well,
11:0529 billion in total
11:06of Canadian taxpayer money
11:07went to Ukraine.
11:10Between 2024 and 2025,
11:12the government sent
11:12500 million dollars
11:13to Palestinian causes.
11:162.65 billion
11:17was sent in 2022
11:18to international climate finance
11:20to developing countries.
11:21About a billion dollars
11:22per year
11:23from 2021 to 2024
11:24was earmarked
11:25for grants
11:25to immigration
11:26and refugee resettlement
11:27and citizenship programs.
11:30So,
11:31with just these figures,
11:32which is a fairly small slice
11:33of the entire spending,
11:34that's 705 water bombers.
11:38Cue Jordan Peterson.
11:40He's not with us
11:41at the moment.
11:42Clean your room.
11:43Eat meat
11:44and clean your room.
11:45All right.
11:46So,
11:47how does one
11:48manage wildfires?
11:53wildfires.
11:53So,
11:53at the risk of stating
11:54the obvious,
11:54without human beings,
11:55wildfires would happen.
11:56They're actually healthy
11:57for the forest
11:58in the long run.
11:58They clear out the dead wood.
12:00They clear out
12:00some of the strangling
12:02undergrowth.
12:02They clear out the canopy
12:03to some degree
12:04so new trees can grow
12:05more efficiently.
12:06And so,
12:08it's going to happen.
12:09There's lightning.
12:09There's heat
12:10and all of that.
12:11Humans,
12:12of course,
12:13do not want fires.
12:14Humans also extract resources
12:15such as lumber,
12:16which disrupts
12:17the existing ecosystem.
12:18However,
12:19species in forests
12:20evolved to cope
12:21with burn
12:22and regrowth cycles.
12:24Hence,
12:24an effective way
12:25to manage wildfires
12:26is to perform
12:27prescribed burns.
12:29I know,
12:29it's a little
12:30counterintuitive,
12:31right?
12:31But,
12:33what you do
12:34is you go and burn
12:35a bunch of stuff
12:36that's really old
12:36and rickety
12:37and dry
12:38and that way
12:39new forest grows in
12:40and it's controlled
12:41and managed.
12:42This involves
12:43sending crews
12:43and equipment
12:44to intentionally set fires
12:45which clears out
12:46dead wood and
12:46simulates the natural cycle.
12:48It's worth noting
12:50that aggressive
12:50fire suppression,
12:51right,
12:52make sure you don't
12:52have any fires,
12:53has been known
12:53to exacerbate
12:54the problem
12:55of wildfires
12:55since the 1930s.
12:58Almost a hundred years.
13:00Almost a century
13:01of this is the best way
13:03to do things
13:04followed by government
13:05saying,
13:05really?
13:06Let's try the opposite.
13:10Canada makes
13:11performing prescribed
13:12burns
13:12an onerous process
13:14to the point
13:15that in 2023,
13:15the worst wildfire
13:17season in recorded
13:17history,
13:18only eight prescribed
13:19burns covering
13:20532 hectares
13:21were conducted
13:22by Parks Canada,
13:24the federal authority.
13:26BC conducted
13:2723 burns
13:28covering
13:292,241 hectares.
13:31Alberta
13:32only released
13:33the area
13:34with burns
13:34covering
13:351,374 hectares.
13:37Other provinces
13:37haven't released
13:38public figures,
13:39but based on
13:39available data
13:39from local authorities,
13:41which only account
13:41for a few hectares
13:42per burn
13:43only
13:442,800 hectares
13:46across the rest
13:47of Canada.
13:48This is a rule
13:48of thumb
13:49guesstimate,
13:50so don't hold
13:51me to it.
13:51This makes
13:52the national total
13:53for 2023
13:53somewhere between
13:5543,50,
13:5649,50 hectares
13:58burned.
13:59I mean,
14:00it's worth noting
14:01the 2023 season
14:02would have made it
14:02difficult to conduct
14:04prescribed burns,
14:05but as we mentioned
14:06before,
14:06the decades of
14:07oversuppression
14:07and utter neglect,
14:08including obstacles
14:09in performing
14:10prescribed burns,
14:11is what contributed
14:11directly to the
14:122023 season
14:13being so dangerous
14:14in the first place.
14:15So it's fair to assume
14:17that this would have
14:18been a lighter year
14:18for prescribed burns
14:19to begin with.
14:20In other provinces,
14:21the burns were
14:22conducted by
14:23conservation authorities
14:24and municipal
14:24prairie burns
14:25in Ontario,
14:26limited training
14:26of park burns
14:28in Saskatchewan
14:29and occasional
14:29indigenous cultural burns.
14:31Of the prescribed
14:32burns in 2023,
14:33there was one
14:34that escaped
14:34containment
14:35conducted by
14:36Parks Canada
14:36near Banff,
14:37but it did not
14:37rise to the level
14:38of a wildfire.
14:39It burned three
14:40unplanned hectares
14:41for a total
14:41of 21 hectares
14:42burned.
14:43So the prescribed
14:44burns themselves
14:45did not contribute
14:46to the 2023
14:47wildfire season.
14:48It also is
14:49a little side rant
14:51here,
14:51just a tiny,
14:52tiny,
14:52oh,
14:53I'll restrain
14:53myself as best.
14:54I will not let
14:54the fire of my rant
14:55burn uncontrolled.
14:57Wait,
14:57it's already happening.
14:58All right.
14:59So one of the things
15:00that needs to be taught
15:01in schools,
15:02but in general is not,
15:03in general is not
15:04taught in schools,
15:05is there are no
15:06solutions,
15:06only trade-offs.
15:07So people,
15:08of course,
15:09find it weird
15:09that the government
15:10sets fire to the forest.
15:11No,
15:12the whole point,
15:12man,
15:12was to not set fire
15:14to the forest,
15:14was to not have
15:15the forest fire burn
15:16and now you're making
15:17the forest burn.
15:18It's a trade-off,
15:19right?
15:19So if we burn
15:21the forest now,
15:22it'll be less easy
15:24to burn in the future.
15:25Teaching people
15:26that there aren't just,
15:27you know,
15:27well,
15:28I don't like to see fire,
15:29I don't like to see
15:30bunnies running,
15:31and I don't like to see
15:33trees collapsing.
15:34Well,
15:34it's going to have to
15:35happen one way or another.
15:36We either do it
15:37in a controlled way
15:38or nature does it
15:39in an uncontrolled way.
15:41So teaching people
15:43in school,
15:44in government schools,
15:45that there are no
15:45solutions,
15:46only trade-offs,
15:47it's a foundational
15:48Thomas Sowell insight
15:50and economics as a whole,
15:52there are no solutions,
15:53there's no solution
15:54called no fires,
15:56there's only a trade-off,
15:57and helping people
15:57to understand
15:58that there are no
15:59solutions,
16:00only trade-offs
16:00would make this stuff
16:01a whole lot easier,
16:02but it would make it
16:03tougher for politicians
16:04to promise the moon
16:05while delivering hell.
16:08Monsieur Bob Gray,
16:09a BC-based fire ecologist,
16:11boy,
16:11doesn't that sound
16:12like something
16:12out of Dungeons & Dragons,
16:13says that Canada
16:14should perform
16:15prescribed burns
16:16of tens of thousands
16:16to the low hundreds
16:17of thousands of forests
16:18every year
16:18to make any real dent
16:19in fuel loads
16:20and future wildfire behavior.
16:23BC alone
16:24used to burn
16:25over 100,000 hectares
16:26historically,
16:27now they burn
16:28less than 10K
16:30per year.
16:31I think in BC
16:32they're very,
16:32very worried
16:33that they might
16:33accidentally burn
16:34at least one marijuana plant.
16:36It's very difficult
16:36for them.
16:38Wildfires consume
16:38multiple millions
16:39of hectares
16:39in the worst seasons.
16:43Well,
16:45what if we just
16:46burned it all
16:46from Professor
16:47Ryan Katz-Rosene
16:48on X.
16:49A prescribed burn
16:50costs between
16:51$1,500 to $8,000
16:52per hectare.
16:53There are 526 million
16:55hectares of boreal forest.
16:56If we prescribed
16:57burn 5% of the forest
16:59each year,
16:59representing a 20-year
17:00fire return rate,
17:01it would cost
17:02between $39.5 billion
17:04and $210.4 billion
17:06per year.
17:06So up to 36%
17:08of Canada's
17:08total annual budget.
17:11Obviously,
17:12that's not
17:13productive,
17:15positive,
17:15or
17:17value.
17:18This is a bit
17:19of a straw man.
17:20One problem here
17:20is the government's
17:21ownership of the forest
17:22over 90%,
17:22which bans private
17:23enterprise from
17:24finding the best solution
17:25to deal with it.
17:27It's a sort of
17:27fundamental insight
17:28of economics.
17:29All human desires
17:30are limitless
17:32or unlimited
17:33or infinite.
17:33All resources
17:34are finite
17:35and people respond
17:36to incentives.
17:37So if you are
17:38in any government
17:39department and you're
17:40charged with solving
17:41a problem,
17:41the more you solve
17:42the problem,
17:43the lower your budget
17:43next year.
17:44The less you solve
17:45the problem,
17:45the more your budget
17:46next year.
17:47There's only one time
17:47that I actually worked
17:48in the government
17:49directly for a summer
17:50and part of that time
17:52was them frantically
17:54figuring out
17:54how to spend
17:55the remainder
17:56of their budget
17:56so they didn't
17:57get cut next year.
17:57And what happens
17:59to people
17:59in the government
18:00if they fail
18:01to solve a problem?
18:02Well, the welfare
18:02state was designed
18:03to eliminate poverty.
18:04What's happening
18:05now that poverty
18:05is entrenched
18:06and you have
18:07a permanent underclass?
18:08Nobody loses
18:09their job.
18:09Nobody has any problems.
18:11If you don't have
18:11skin in the game,
18:12you just can't
18:13make good decisions.
18:15Another problem
18:16is that not all
18:17of the forest
18:17would need to be
18:18managed in this way.
18:19Fires remote
18:19from human settlements
18:20could be allowed
18:20to burn naturally
18:21with relatively
18:22little impact to people.
18:24Jan Beverly
18:25from the University
18:26of Alberta
18:26testified in 2024
18:28regarding communities
18:29with extreme fire exposure.
18:30She identified
18:32149 million hectares
18:34with extreme fire exposure.
18:3765 million hectares
18:39of that area
18:39was within
18:40long-term tenure areas.
18:43Narrowing that down
18:44to where people
18:44actually live,
18:45she reported
18:45that they'd still need
18:46to treat 4 million hectares
18:48with fire smart treatments.
18:51The 65 million hectares
18:52in Jan Beverly's testimony
18:53is already partially managed
18:54as 1% of that area
18:55is harvested per year.
18:57It would also contain
18:58roads for access
19:00and by the by,
19:01if you ever want to have
19:01any very exciting
19:02video game experience,
19:04just drive on logging roads
19:06where the logging trucks
19:07get paid by the load
19:09so they are careening around
19:10on two of their eight wheels
19:12and you have to really
19:14dodge pretty quickly.
19:15It's very, very exciting.
19:17Fire smart by the by
19:18is a Canadian government
19:19advisory program
19:20that prescribes
19:20how to mitigate
19:21wildfire risk
19:22within human settlements.
19:23It typically includes
19:25vegetation management,
19:27where's your stash, man?
19:28Clearing flammable plants,
19:30thinning trees,
19:30creating fuel breaks,
19:32home and structure hardening,
19:33non-combustible roofing,
19:34screening vents,
19:35community planning
19:36and education,
19:36emergency planning
19:37and interagency cooperation.
19:41Natural fire return rates
19:43range from 50 to 500 years,
19:45so 5% is quite aggressive.
19:49The cost also combines
19:50private and public burns
19:51into a single range.
19:55How much would it cost
19:56if private enterprise
19:57took over wildfire management?
19:58Unfortunately,
19:59the 1,500 to 8,000
20:01per hectare range
20:01is the only data we have
20:02on burns in Canada.
20:04Private versus public ranges
20:05are not separated out
20:06in any publicly available data.
20:08The U.S. has even less
20:09private boreal land ownership,
20:12but we can look at
20:12some of the costs there.
20:17Boreal forests
20:18in the contiguous 48 states
20:20is limited to Minnesota,
20:21Wisconsin and Michigan.
20:22Private forest ownership
20:23is relatively high
20:24in these states,
20:25but boreal forest
20:27only occupies
20:28the northern portions
20:29of these states
20:29and is mostly owned
20:30by state and federal governments.
20:33It's worth noting
20:34that there are other kinds
20:35of burns performed
20:36in the U.S.
20:36with lower cost per acre,
20:37but these burns
20:38are on prairies
20:39or non-boreal lands.
20:40We're focusing
20:41on boreal forest costs here
20:42since it's what's relevant
20:43to Canadian wildfire management.
20:46Costs for prescribed burns
20:47are not broken out
20:47according to forest type.
20:48A small 2022 survey
20:50in Wisconsin
20:51revealed a rate
20:52of $508 per acre
20:54for all types of forests
20:55or $1,255 per hectare.
20:59This rate contained
21:00both public
21:00and private respondents
21:01and was heavily weighted
21:02towards private consultants
21:03and family forest owners.
21:06Alaska is covered
21:07in boreal forest
21:08and is almost entirely
21:09publicly owned.
21:10They can conduct burns
21:12at $50 per acre
21:13or $123 per hectare.
21:15Alaskan burns
21:16can often be ignited
21:17via airdrops
21:18and require minimal
21:19ground crews.
21:21So,
21:22cost range
21:23based upon efficiency.
21:26How much wood
21:27would it cost
21:27to burn privately?
21:29Boreal forest
21:30is overwhelmingly held
21:31by the provincial governments
21:33between 87 to 92 percent.
21:35The federal government
21:35holds 4 to 7 percent.
21:37Private land
21:37is 3 to 6 percent.
21:40Indigenous land
21:41owned
21:42or co-managed
21:42to 2 to 5 percent.
21:44If we take the highest rate
21:45from the U.S.,
21:46$1,255 per hectare
21:47for joint public
21:48private burns
21:49and translate that
21:50to Canadian dollars,
21:51we get
21:53$1,760
21:54per hectare.
21:56This means that
21:56U.S. practices
21:57with mixed private
21:59and public efforts
21:59are only slightly
22:00over the low end
22:01of Canada's burn range,
22:02which I find
22:03quite interesting.
22:04The GDP of Canada
22:05attributable
22:06to the private sector
22:07is about $1.8 trillion.
22:09No government budget
22:11allocation is needed.
22:12Using Professor Ryan's
22:13assumptions,
22:14let's just say
22:14that the high end
22:15for private enterprise
22:16would be $46.3 billion
22:18per year
22:18or about 2.5 percent
22:20of private production.
22:23Now, of course,
22:24exact figures vary
22:24depending on how
22:25boreal forest is defined.
22:27Different agencies
22:27use different definitions.
22:29Some land
22:30is in transition
22:31due to modern treaties
22:32and indigenous land claims.
22:35GDP does not include,
22:37sorry,
22:37does include government
22:38production,
22:38so we don't really
22:39want to count that
22:39if we're considering
22:40how much it would cost
22:41the private sector
22:41to handle wildfire management.
22:43private enterprise
22:44contributes
22:4682 to 85 percent
22:48of GDP
22:49in Canada.
22:55If we consider
22:56Jan Beverly's testimony
22:57and say that
22:58all 61 million
22:59hectares that sit
23:00between remote forests
23:01and human settlements
23:02need to be managed
23:03at 5 percent per year,
23:04the total cost
23:05comes to $5.7 billion
23:06or 0.3 percent
23:08of private production.
23:11Now, another thing
23:13to remember is,
23:14of course,
23:14where it's burning
23:15without any impact
23:16on people
23:16and it's entirely natural,
23:18does it really need
23:19to be managed?
23:20Arguably no,
23:20but I will say this,
23:22that most of the places
23:25that are smaller settlements
23:26up north
23:27are maintained
23:29by the government.
23:30People are still there
23:31for the government.
23:32You've got social programs
23:33propping them up,
23:33unemployment insurance
23:34and all kinds of crazy
23:36spending from the government
23:37to prop up these communities.
23:38Otherwise, they would go
23:39as, you know,
23:41you get these ghost towns
23:41all over the place
23:42as some mine closes
23:43or some local resource
23:44dries up
23:45or whatever it is,
23:46young people move away.
23:47And so the fact
23:49that there are people
23:50up north
23:50being affected
23:52by mismanagement lands
23:54and fires
23:54is also a government program
23:56as well,
23:57to a large degree.
23:58These towns
23:58would not exist
23:59without government money,
24:01or at least very few
24:02of them would.
24:03And so the impact
24:04on people
24:04is also part
24:05of a government program
24:05as well.
24:07U.S. assistance.
24:09Elected officials
24:10in America
24:10are calling for Canada
24:11to do more
24:12to manage its wildfires.
24:14Mark Carney
24:14turns that around
24:15on the U.S.,
24:15blaming America
24:16for being a primary
24:17contributor
24:18to climate change.
24:21See,
24:22climate change
24:23is when there's
24:23too much CO2
24:24in the air.
24:26Badly managed
24:27forest lands
24:28contribute
24:30massive,
24:30massive,
24:31massive amounts
24:31of CO2
24:33to the air.
24:36So if you really
24:37do care
24:37about climate change
24:38or CO2
24:39in the air,
24:40forest fire management
24:41would be
24:42one of the most
24:43important things
24:44you could possibly
24:45be doing.
24:45Trillions of dollars
24:46have been taken
24:46in in carbon taxes.
24:48How much
24:49of those
24:50trillions of dollars
24:50have been focused
24:51on managing forests
24:53because the forest fire
24:54is out of control
24:55because of mismanagement
24:56produce massive amounts
24:57of CO2
24:58that's driving
24:58climate change.
25:01So we'll get
25:02to climate change
25:02in a bit.
25:03Oh, yes,
25:04we will,
25:04but I just wanted
25:05to touch on it here,
25:05but it's worth
25:06noting that Canada
25:06has sent billions
25:07of dollars overseas
25:08and has had plenty
25:09of warning about
25:09the dangers
25:10in their forests.
25:11I'd say our forests,
25:13but they're not mine.
25:14In response to U.S.
25:15elected officials,
25:16Doug Ford in Toronto
25:17said,
25:18rather than complain,
25:19send support.
25:20Okay,
25:21let's take that
25:23as a possibility.
25:25There is a lack
25:26of reciprocity
25:27on the part
25:27of the Canadian
25:28government
25:28when it comes
25:28to American assistance.
25:30When Canadian
25:31firefighters come
25:31to the U.S.,
25:32the base daily rate
25:33is $400
25:35to $800
25:36per day
25:36plus overtime
25:37and hazard pay,
25:38right?
25:39So you go on
25:39to help America
25:41with its fires,
25:41$400 and $800
25:43per day.
25:43Canadian firefighters
25:44earn 30 to 70%
25:46more in the U.S.
25:47when compared
25:47to home rates.
25:48For example,
25:49Alberta and BC crews
25:50have reported
25:50effective daily compensation
25:52of $900 to $1,200
25:55U.S.,
25:56which is
25:57at least
25:58an eighth
25:59of a cart
25:59of groceries
26:00in Canada
26:01these days
26:02so your children
26:04can eat
26:04somewhat
26:05on that rate.
26:06Now,
26:07that's when
26:08they drop,
26:09so they drop
26:12water on fires
26:13and money
26:14on firefighters
26:15when Canadians
26:16go down
26:16to the States.
26:17Ah,
26:17but when U.S.
26:18firefighters
26:18come to Canada,
26:19they are sometimes
26:20not reimbursed
26:21or only receive
26:22a minimal stipend.
26:23Most U.S.
26:24crews are paid
26:24their home pay rates.
26:26Pay is typically
26:26a per diem
26:27of $50 to $100
26:28Canadian
26:28for meals.
26:29plus travel
26:30reimbursement.
26:31The net,
26:3270 to 100%
26:34less compensation
26:34compared to U.S.
26:35rates.
26:36U.S.
26:36firefighters
26:37essentially volunteer
26:37their time
26:38or are covered
26:39by home pay
26:40while away.
26:43If you really
26:44cared about
26:44the firefighters,
26:45you wouldn't
26:46ask people
26:46to risk
26:47their lives
26:47for free.
26:51So,
26:51the mainstream
26:53attributes
26:54to the hot
26:54and dry
26:54conditions
26:55that exacerbate
26:55the danger
26:56of fire
26:56to climate
26:57change.
26:58Now,
26:59of course,
26:59as I mentioned,
27:00if politicians
27:00actually believed
27:01climate change
27:02was real
27:02and were desperate
27:03to catastrophic
27:04anthropogenic
27:04climate change,
27:05they would take
27:06steps to mitigate
27:06the effects
27:07such as performing
27:07prescribed burns.
27:09But they fund
27:10projects like
27:10airports in
27:11low-lying areas.
27:12They oppose
27:13nuclear power.
27:13They block
27:13domestic energy
27:14production,
27:15etc.,
27:15etc.,
27:16etc.
27:16And of course,
27:17you know,
27:17at a personal
27:18level,
27:18politicians
27:19and many
27:19others are
27:20happy to do
27:20things like
27:21buy seaside
27:22mansions,
27:22own large
27:23energy-intensive
27:24homes,
27:25fly private
27:25jets all
27:26around the
27:26world.
27:27Of course,
27:27as usual,
27:28it's rules
27:28for thee,
27:29not for me.
27:29You've seen
27:30these giant
27:30planes carrying
27:32limos that land
27:33in remote places
27:34for climate
27:36change conferences
27:36that could easily
27:37be done
27:38remotely.
27:39Well,
27:40all right.
27:41The truth is
27:43that hot days
27:44and drought
27:44have not
27:45increased in
27:45Canada since
27:461910.
27:47Wildfires are
27:47driven primarily
27:48by aggressive
27:49fire suppression
27:50and the
27:50accumulation of
27:51fuel.
27:51The United
27:52States has a
27:53similar problem.
27:54Now,
27:54globally,
27:55wildfire rates
27:56have decreased
27:57by 24%
27:57over the past
27:58two decades,
27:59and even
27:59Canada's
27:592026 wildfire
28:01season is below
28:01the five-year
28:02average.
28:03There were
28:04more fires in
28:05Canada and
28:05in the USA
28:06in the Little
28:08Ice Age,
28:091300 to
28:101850,
28:10than today.
28:12Every continent
28:13is below
28:13average in
28:14terms of
28:16wildfires,
28:17and of course,
28:18it's great to
28:18have the
28:20weather gods
28:20call climate
28:21change that
28:22you can blame
28:22for your own
28:23mismanagement.
28:26Carbon dioxide.
28:27Of course,
28:28my thought was,
28:29well,
28:30fire needs
28:30oxygen.
28:31So do I.
28:33Carbon dioxide
28:34is a fire
28:36suppressant,
28:37so if CO2
28:39is increasing,
28:39shouldn't that
28:40decrease
28:41forest fires?
28:42While it is
28:43true that carbon
28:44dioxide is a
28:44fire suppressant,
28:45atmospheric
28:46concentration
28:46doesn't have
28:47much effect
28:48on wildfires,
28:48so my
28:49brilliant theory
28:49was denied.
28:52If anything,
28:53increased carbon
28:53dioxide may have
28:54an increased
28:55effect on
28:55wildfires due
28:56to the more
28:56abundant
28:57presence of
28:57plant food,
28:58right?
28:58So CO2,
28:59human beings
29:00produce CO2
29:01because there
29:02are more
29:02human beings
29:02producing CO2.
29:04It increases
29:04vegetation,
29:05which increases
29:06crop production,
29:07which feeds the
29:07more people.
29:08it's kind
29:09of nice
29:09little
29:10but sister,
29:11it's not a
29:12vicious cycle,
29:12it's a virtuous
29:13cycle.
29:13Even so,
29:14the mainstream
29:15complaints about
29:16climate change
29:17are a smokescreen,
29:18get it,
29:19to distract people
29:20from what's
29:20really going on.
29:22Fires release
29:23CO2,
29:24carbon monoxide,
29:25fine particulates,
29:26volatile organic
29:27compounds or VOCs,
29:29formaldehyde,
29:29benzene and so on,
29:30still safer for me
29:31than Indian food,
29:32but not ideal.
29:34Health effects
29:35include irritation,
29:36respiratory and
29:37cardiovascular strain.
29:39Total emissions
29:39of fires in 2023
29:41was about 2.4
29:42gigatons of CO2,
29:44also me after
29:45Indian food,
29:46several times
29:46Canada's annual
29:47emissions from
29:48fossil fuels.
29:49So that's quite
29:51interesting.
29:53So the forest fires
29:54dwarf Canada's
29:55annual emissions
29:56from fossil fuels,
29:57so shouldn't you,
29:58if you care about
29:58climate change,
30:00really focus on
30:00forestry management.
30:03The 2026 fires
30:04are serious
30:05regionally but
30:05haven't reached
30:06the scale of 2023
30:07and the claim that
30:08the 2026 fires
30:09exceed all emissions
30:10of the 300 years
30:11of U.S. emissions
30:12is off by more
30:12than 200 times.
30:13This kind of stuff
30:14with misinformation,
30:15it seemed kind of
30:15shocking to me,
30:17like, oh,
30:17the 2026 fires
30:18just in Canada
30:19have exceeded
30:20all the emissions
30:21of 300 years
30:22of U.S.,
30:22blah, blah, blah.
30:23No, not true.
30:26If stuff doesn't
30:27feel right,
30:27again, on X
30:28you got the little
30:28grok thing,
30:29is this true?
30:30Worth checking out.
30:32So,
30:33were the fires
30:34started by humans?
30:36I don't want to say
30:37conspiracy theories
30:38because,
30:39I mean,
30:39conspiracy is a real thing,
30:41there are real conspiracies.
30:43A criminal conspiracy
30:44is literally written
30:45into law,
30:45so we know
30:46there are conspiracies.
30:47Were the fires
30:48started by humans?
30:50So,
30:50there have been
30:51discussions on X
30:52around how the fire
30:52seemingly started
30:53in a straight line
30:54all at the same time.
30:56And we're going to
30:56show you some
30:57satellite imagery.
30:59At the time of this
31:00writing,
31:00the imagery goes back
31:01to July 9th.
31:02Many fires
31:02are already
31:03smoldering.
31:05And,
31:05but not as much
31:06as
31:08Zendaya's glare.
31:09And you can see
31:10relatively thin
31:11smoke plumes
31:11coming from them.
31:12On July 13th,
31:13around 1.30 p.m.
31:14Eastern,
31:15the smoke plumes
31:16start to intensify.
31:17This is a common
31:17occurrence within
31:19wildfires.
31:19The heat of the sun
31:20will cause
31:21fires to intensify.
31:23The forecast
31:24around Thunder Bay
31:25on July 13th
31:25was around
31:26100 degrees
31:26Fahrenheit
31:27with low humidity
31:29with mild
31:30to moderate
31:30wind.
31:31The result
31:31was heavy
31:32plumes
31:32through to
31:33sunset.
31:34So the next
31:34two slides
31:34show the
31:35time-lapse
31:35satellite imagery
31:36on July 13th
31:37and July 14th.
31:38The images
31:39are taken
31:3910 minutes
31:39apart.
31:40So pay
31:40attention to
31:41the time
31:41of day
31:41and notice
31:42on the
31:4214th
31:42that the
31:43plumes
31:43have
31:43significantly
31:44abated
31:44overnight.
31:45These
31:46animations
31:46also include
31:47markers for
31:47the fires
31:47as well as
31:48heat maps.
31:48The heat maps
31:49are updated
31:49periodically
31:50so you can
31:50see an update
31:51to the heat
31:51maps on
31:52July 14th.
31:54So you
31:54see this
31:56what's
31:56actually
31:56going on
31:57right?
31:58Alright so
31:59here we
32:00are going
32:02along
32:02and these
32:03are the
32:03fires.
32:04This is
32:04the
32:04inconvenient
32:05clouds
32:06of obscuring
32:08and as
32:09you can
32:09see the
32:10time is
32:11going along
32:12there.
32:12This is
32:13eastern
32:13time
32:13we start
32:14at 7am
32:14you can
32:14see the
32:15smoke
32:15plumes
32:15most clearly
32:16in the
32:16south.
32:16As the
32:16sun
32:17rises
32:17and heats
32:17the earth
32:18you can
32:18see that
32:18the plumes
32:19start to
32:19grow in
32:19intensity
32:20between
32:211 to
32:232pm
32:23right here.
32:24This is
32:24not fire
32:24starting
32:25this is
32:25wildfire
32:26reacting to
32:26the conditions
32:27at the
32:27time which
32:28were highest
32:28around 102
32:29degrees Fahrenheit
32:30or 39
32:30degrees Celsius
32:31low humidity
32:32and sustained
32:32westerly or
32:33south westerly
32:35winds.
32:36So it's not
32:37a bunch of
32:37people out
32:38there with
32:38big cliders.
32:40Alright.
32:41The time of
32:42the video
32:42eastern of
32:42course 7am
32:44on July 14th
32:45you can see
32:45the plumes
32:45have diminished
32:46overnight.
32:46They again
32:47increase in
32:47intensity
32:48around
32:50949
32:5050
32:5110am
32:51when we
32:52get to
32:52around 12pm
32:53the high
32:53for the
32:53day
32:53is still
32:54quite hot
32:54around 95
32:55degrees Fahrenheit
32:56or 35
32:56degrees Celsius
32:57low humidity
32:59and sustained
33:00westerly or
33:00north
33:02westerly winds.
33:03So again
33:03you can see
33:04that it's a
33:05function of
33:05temperatures
33:06and heat
33:06and all of
33:07that kind of
33:08stuff.
33:08Heat dries
33:08out and
33:09sunlight dries
33:10out.
33:10The vegetation
33:11which makes
33:12it more
33:12susceptible to
33:12fire etc.
33:13etc.
33:16Now is it
33:17glyphosate
33:18glyphosate
33:19I'm just
33:19going to
33:19go with
33:21glyphosate
33:21seems to
33:22be the
33:22standard
33:22pronunciation.
33:23So glyphosate
33:23was developed
33:24by Monsanto
33:26in the
33:261970s and
33:27was approved
33:28by the
33:28Canadian
33:28government
33:28in 1984.
33:30Just a
33:30coincidence
33:31Mr.
33:31Orwell
33:32it is used
33:33in forestry
33:33to suppress
33:34broadleaf and
33:35deciduous
33:35vegetation
33:36allowing
33:36conifers
33:37like spruce
33:37pine and
33:38fir to
33:38grow
33:39uncontested.
33:40It is
33:40sprayed one
33:41to two
33:41times per
33:4225 to
33:4250 year
33:43rotation a
33:44few years
33:44after harvest.
33:45Now that's
33:45a big thing
33:46to go and
33:47spray an
33:48entire forest
33:49to change
33:50its nature.
33:51Critics say
33:52that spraying
33:52reduces fire
33:53resistant species
33:54such as
33:54aspen and
33:55promotes
33:55flammable
33:56conifer
33:57monocultures.
33:58It also
33:58leaves dry
33:59dead biomass
34:00which serves
34:00as kindling
34:01for fires.
34:02Quebec
34:02though did
34:04ban
34:05glyphosate
34:06in 2001
34:06and yet
34:07Quebec
34:07sees just
34:08as much
34:08fire despite
34:10the ban.
34:12What are
34:13the health
34:13concerns?
34:13It smells
34:14bad, it
34:14irritates
34:15your throat.
34:15Well on
34:15X there
34:16is skepticism
34:16about the
34:17smell of
34:17smoke from
34:18the wildfires
34:18with one
34:18user saying
34:19legacy media
34:20trying to
34:20justify why
34:21the air in
34:21Canada smells
34:22and tastes
34:22of chemicals.
34:23No mention
34:23of the five
34:24years plus
34:24of daily
34:25geoengineering
34:26spraying.
34:28Wildfire smoke
34:28does contain
34:29low concentrations
34:30of benzene,
34:31toluene,
34:32formaldehyde,
34:32and acrolein
34:33which contributes
34:34to the sharp
34:34chemical or
34:35plastic smell.
34:36It's not
34:37enough to
34:37cause long-term
34:38harm but
34:38they certainly
34:38cause
34:39irritation
34:39headaches
34:40and dizziness
34:41and there's
34:41more notes
34:42if you want
34:42more details
34:43about the
34:43health concerns
34:44they're in
34:45the show
34:45notes below.
34:47Nitrogen
34:47oxides and
34:48burn plant
34:49resins contribute
34:49to the bitter
34:50and acrid
34:51taste.
34:52Authorities have
34:53given us little
34:53to trust in
34:54but these are
34:55normal for
34:55wildfires and
34:56of course the
34:57people out there
34:57fighting the
34:57fires have it
34:58much worse.
34:59PM 2.5
35:01air quality
35:02questions.
35:02What is
35:03PM 2.5?
35:04A fine
35:05question.
35:06The answer
35:06is fine
35:07particulate
35:08matter.
35:092.5
35:10micrometers
35:10or smaller
35:11in diameter
35:11which can
35:12be harmful
35:12to health
35:13when inhaled.
35:13It is a
35:14significant
35:15component of
35:16air pollution
35:16and can lead
35:17to serious
35:17respiratory and
35:18cardiovascular
35:19issues.
35:20In reference
35:21to an air
35:21quality map
35:22in Michigan,
35:23Steve Milley
35:23X writes,
35:24these are
35:24not unhealthy
35:26levels of
35:26PM 2.5.
35:27If you
35:28inhaled the
35:28highest level
35:28on this
35:29map,
35:30262
35:31micrograms
35:31per cubic
35:32meter all
35:32day,
35:3324 hours,
35:33no,
35:34don't sleep,
35:34it would be
35:35equivalent to
35:35the PM 2.5
35:37from about
35:37two drags on
35:38cigarette.
35:39Not harmful,
35:40not panic
35:41warranted,
35:42no panic
35:42warranted.
35:43It's fair to
35:43say you
35:43shouldn't panic
35:44but it
35:44doesn't mean
35:44you shouldn't
35:45take caution
35:45in my humble
35:46non-medical
35:47amateur foolish
35:48opinion.
35:49Normal healthy
35:50people experience
35:51respiratory
35:51irritation
35:52due to
35:52wildfire smoke
35:53which is an
35:53indication you
35:54should avoid
35:54breathing it
35:54in if you
35:55can,
35:55especially
35:55vulnerable
35:56individuals.
35:58Chronic
35:59exposure to
35:59elevated
36:00PM 2.5
36:01is linked
36:02to respiratory
36:03issues but
36:03temporary
36:04exposure to
36:04PM 2.5
36:05from a
36:05wildfire is
36:06also not
36:06the same
36:06as smoking
36:07or living
36:08in a
36:08polluted
36:09city.
36:09Boy,
36:10when I
36:10was in
36:10Beijing,
36:11man,
36:12my nose
36:13was black
36:14at the
36:14end of
36:15a day
36:15around.
36:16So what
36:17is the
36:17solution?
36:18Well,
36:18whatever the
36:19problem is,
36:20the solution
36:20is always,
36:21always,
36:21always more
36:22freedom.
36:23So wildfires
36:24are going to
36:24happen.
36:25They're a
36:25complex problem
36:26requiring a lot
36:27of coordination
36:28and intelligent,
36:30focused,
36:30efficient allocation
36:31of resources
36:32which you can't
36:33get from the
36:33public sector.
36:34You need
36:35prices,
36:35you need
36:36incentives,
36:36you need
36:36people with
36:37their savings
36:38on the line,
36:38you need
36:39people passionate
36:39about it,
36:40and people who
36:41are going to
36:41gain the benefit
36:42of doing it
36:43well and suffer
36:44the consequences
36:45of doing it
36:46badly.
36:46This does not
36:47happen in the
36:47public sector.
36:48The vast
36:49majority of
36:49wildfires occur
36:50on government
36:50owned land.
36:52A tiny bit
36:52of a straw man
36:53I acknowledge
36:53because the
36:54vast majority
36:54of land is
36:55government owned
36:56land.
36:57But the
36:57government does
36:58erect all kinds
36:59of barriers
36:59to sensible
37:00management.
37:00They very
37:02much discourage
37:03controlled burns,
37:04there is a
37:05lack of water
37:06bombers and so
37:07on, and
37:08governments of
37:09course adapt
37:09slowly if at
37:10all.
37:10They're frozen
37:11in time with
37:12regards to
37:13aggressive fire
37:13suppression and
37:14all the stuff
37:14we talked
37:15about as
37:15having been
37:16known for
37:16over 100
37:17years is not
37:18put into
37:19practice and
37:19nobody suffers
37:20negative consequences
37:21for failing to
37:21manage things
37:23properly.
37:23So I really do
37:24appreciate your
37:25time.
37:25I hope this is
37:26helpful.
37:26If you'd like
37:27the work we're
37:28doing here,
37:28please consider
37:29donating at
37:29freedomain.com
37:30slash donate.
37:31No ads,
37:32never has been
37:32ads on this
37:33show.
37:34And the
37:34sources for
37:35this presentation
37:36are available
37:36at fdrurl.com
37:39slash
37:39candidafire.
37:40And don't
37:40forget,
37:41live streams
37:42Wednesday night
37:427 p.m.,
37:43Friday night
37:437 p.m.,
37:44Sundays 10 a.m.,
37:45drop by chat.
37:46Let me know
37:47your thoughts.
37:47Love to hear
37:48how you're
37:48doing.
37:49And I really
37:49do appreciate
37:50your time.
37:50This is
37:50Devan Moliny
37:51signing off.
37:52All the
37:52best.
37:53Bye-bye.
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