00:12What we're seeing in climate change is important to understand what it really
00:16means is less predictability yeah that becomes a very important lens through
00:23which to look at what's happening so we are seeing more frequent disruption this
00:29is important so climate change is not just about climate changing it's about the greater erratic
00:34nature for example weather patterns you're seeing in Malaysia we're having more intense
00:39and more frequent flooding now that's a natural event but because of the variability in rainfall
00:44and heat and cool it means that you're going to get more rainfall more often and you have longer
00:50dry spells so what it produces is a very difficult scenario to prepare for this is why there's an
00:57importance on not just the mitigation but also the adaptation and it's you know the more you get
01:02out to rural and remote communities the more that adaptation becomes very important so the short
01:07answer is yes we're seeing much more disruption droughts hot weather when we shouldn't be having
01:13hot weather extreme weather when we're not used to that extreme weather to give you an idea of
01:17Malaysia of context Malaysia's average temperature has increased one degree in the last 20 years
01:22that means that the extremes are even more extreme than normal and more disruptive for everyday life
01:27so it makes it very problematic for things like agriculture and food security etc etc i think for a
01:33very long time governments private sector countries have seen climate preparedness for climate as a cost
01:40but actually it needs to be looked at as a savings what we do know is that that just in
01:46ASEAN countries
01:46alone we should be spending about 200 billion a year up until 2035 to stave off the more immediate impacts
01:54of climate disruption the forecasting what we know to be possible we're spending about 12 billion
02:00collectively as ASEAN so there's a big financing gap that question around preparedness is a critical one
02:07because it means infrastructure public planning the way that we design our cities so you have large mega
02:14cities in Asia of the 46 largest cities in the world 44 in Asia creates heat sinks as people get
02:21older and
02:22and there's more strain on health systems those impacts those secondary impacts from heat stroke
02:27and heating and health impact become much more severe just in your immediate neighborhood in in
02:32Southeast Asia we're seeing a rise in dengue in a way we haven't seen for a very very long time
02:36and
02:37this is related to changing weather patterns and the weather line and the conditions in which vector-borne
02:42diseases can transmit so Malaysia has yet to see a climate change adaptation plan does this make
02:49our country especially vulnerable to climate related disasters no no no i think we've got to be careful
02:54about this it's two separate issues so there's a lot of stuff going on for adaptation i think it's very
03:00easy to point fingers and say not enough the reality is the scale of what's required for adaptation
03:06knowing what we know just based on the current science means that everyone has got to participate
03:12in this endeavor on Malaysia there's lots of good work going on we work ourselves as UNDP very closely
03:19with NRES and other government departments on preparations and planning and forecasting and
03:24modeling we're looking at the last mile looking at those more rural and remote communities at coastal
03:29erosion and food security for example in places like subalong rice production we're currently working with the
03:35southern state down in the federal government on this so that question around around action is a
03:41is a complicated one because it affects everyone in very very different ways it all integrates ultimately
03:47into what we used to call human security and that's not just about you being safe at night it's about
03:52long-term economic prospects long-term social cohesion and the general well-being of people across all of
03:59society so i think you know in the response to that i would say that there's a lot going on
04:03that question of
04:04coordination is growingly important the question of financing is growingly important and the
04:09question of reframing how we look at the impacts and what is necessary is changing quite rapidly
04:15does this also mean that Malaysia can also probably expect happier costs or damages from climate related
04:23damages in the future i think every country can yeah so Malaysia is not on its own in this
04:29we are seeing rapidly changing weather patterns globally depending on where you live depends on
04:35what those weather patterns look like and the change we had thought for many years that in the tropical
04:40parts of the world the change would be slightly less extreme than from the polar north and south
04:45the boreal places that's appearing not to be the case and then there are secondary impacts so with that
04:52with with the the climate changes we see there's the question about greenhouse gases and what that
04:58means the gases that we're trying to mitigate today went up into the air in the 40s 50s and 60s
05:05in the
05:05last century so we're still pumping in 2024 we've produced more carbon than we've ever done ironically
05:11more renewable energy than we've ever produced as well so it's a very complicated landscape what it means for
05:18Malaysia is that that investment in public infrastructure in private infrastructure in
05:23preparedness and adaptation is well beyond what governments can finance and this is the story
05:28across the world so in our own estimates we think just in developing countries in the world
05:33in the next 20 or 30 years we're looking at a financing gap of somewhere between two and 400 million
05:39approximately public finance at the moment is about 10 to 15 percent of that gap
05:46so that opens up a great opportunity for public flows for private flows for coming together with
05:52blundered instruments with innovative innovative ways of financing i think the opportunity is
05:57how do we start redefining the models that we use for profitability for savings that question about
06:04spending and damage is offset from the investment now the discussion that we're involved in globally
06:10is is to say and governments have been very good on this but say to the private sector is that
06:14you know it looks like a lot of money now but if you don't climate proof if you don't move
06:19that
06:19road if you don't think about stopping salt water intrusion into your crops the socio-economic impact
06:26will be far more than you realize in 10 15 20 30 years time that damages economies so that aspiration
06:33that countries like Malaysia have to become high income starts to come under extraordinary pressure and strain
06:44changes has to vary therefore for the
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