00:03La Antigua de los Estados Unidos
00:04Every year, on 31st May,
00:06people in Kazakhstan remember
00:08millions killed in the famine
00:09and political persecutions
00:11of the early Soviet era.
00:13A solemn ceremony mourns
00:14the loss of innocent lives
00:16and a nation that could be.
00:21By the 1930s,
00:23having stabilized their authority,
00:25the Bolsheviks decided it was time
00:27to accelerate the country's industrialization.
00:30La política de colectiva de la agricultura
00:31obligó a los nomás de los kazakhsos
00:33a despedirar su vida y a despedirar su vida.
00:36Cuando la gente se agitó a la colquilla,
00:38las grandes estrellas se concentraron en un lugar,
00:41en un lugar, sin despedirar.
00:43Esto hacía que la pandemia comenzó a despedirar.
00:46El Red Army mató la otra mitad de la carne,
00:49no pudiendo alimentarla.
00:5040 millones se convirtió a 5 millones.
00:53Para una nación, cuya principal source de comida era la carne,
00:55esto significó una hermosa, llena de muerte.
00:57As a result, out of 6 millones de kazakhs,
01:01aproximadamente 2 millones died of starvation
01:03and 600,000 more relocated to China, Iran and Afghanistan,
01:07hoping to avoid a similar fate.
01:11Kazakh intelligentsia criticized the government
01:14for excessive policies that led to famine and mass deaths.
01:17For this outright rebellion,
01:19they were arrested, exiled and executed.
01:22This is Karlaq, one of the largest labor camps in the USSR,
01:26located in the middle of the Kazakh steppe.
01:29Its vast territory was once compared to the size of France.
01:32From 1931 till 1959, about a million people passed through the camp.
01:37For others, the outcome was even more immediate.
01:40They were executed.
01:41Among them was Rahat Amanbaev's grandfather, Amanbaik Aspakbaev.
01:45In October 1937, just during the evening,
01:49the members of the NKVD came to the NKVD,
01:52they were sent to the arrest and took him.
01:55This was an era of big terror.
01:57According to the documents, which Rahat was able to get
02:00only after the collapse of the Soviet Union,
02:02Amanbaik was accused of being a fascist,
02:05atrotskiist and helping suspected dissidents.
02:07On 27 February 1938,
02:12he was arrested for the murder of the Kashmir.
02:15He was arrested.
02:16My grandmother, Opa, as a wife of the island of the island,
02:22was also arrested.
02:25He was sent to the burial of the island of the island of the island of the island of the
02:30island of the island of the island of the island of Aljira.
02:31After spending their eight years enduring hardship and abuse,
02:35she took her kids from their uncle and moved away to avoid discrimination and harassment.
02:44One of the prominent figures who faced such a fate was Seken Sifulin,
02:48a Kazakh poet, a promoter of the Kazakh language,
02:51and once the head of the Kazakh government.
02:54He was championing Kazakh identity and attributes,
02:57for which he was accused of being a nationalist and an anti-Soviet.
03:01The irony was that he was a revolutionary and a Bolshevik.
03:05It was on Sunday.
03:06On 24 September,
03:09we came to him,
03:10and the two came to the house.
03:11The two came to the house,
03:12and they said,
03:15you're Seken Sifulin.
03:16He said, we'll show you the paper.
03:19And Seken Sifulin immediately
03:21got red and then got red.
03:24Sifulin's little son died on a train,
03:27when he and his mother were deported.
03:29His father and older brother were also executed.
03:31His younger brother survived by a miracle.
03:34From 1937 till 1957,
03:37the Sifulin family lived under the label of the enemy of the people.
03:54No university wanted to admit an enemy of the people.
03:57When she finally got admitted to the Zoological Institute,
04:00someone denounced her,
04:01and she had to finish her education in secret.
04:04Her father, Seken's little brother,
04:06couldn't hold a job for 20 years.
04:08Each time someone found out he was an enemy of the people,
04:11and he was fired.
04:15When Stalin died in 1953,
04:17many people were amnestied and rehabilitated.
04:20There was a test.
04:21There was a test.
04:22There was a test.
04:23There was a test.
04:24There was a test.
04:25There was a test.
04:27There was a test.
04:27There was a test.
04:29Both Sifulin and Kaspakpaev were rehabilitated in 1957.
04:33In 1993, independent Kazakhstan adopted a law on rehabilitation of victims of political repressions,
04:39restoring their good names and compensating the families.
04:42Kazakhstan is continuing to examine archival documents of the Soviet era.
04:47Just three years ago, a special commission rehabilitated 300,000 people.
04:52The country makes every effort to commemorate those who fell victim to the Red Terror.
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