00:00Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
00:30Their policy of collective farms forced nomadic kazakhs to give up their lifestyle and surrender their livestock.
00:36Когда людей согнали в колхозы, огромнейшие стада будут сконцентрированы в одном месте,
00:41то есть будут находиться на одном месте без передвижения.
00:43Это приводило к тому, что начинался падеж от бескормицы.
00:46The Red Army slaughtered the other half of cattle, unable to feed it.
00:5140 миллионов turned to five.
00:53For a nation whose primary source of food was cattle, this meant a gruesome hungry death.
00:58As a result, out of six million kazakhs, approximately two million died of starvation
01:03and 600,000 more relocated to China, Iran and Afghanistan, hoping to avoid a similar fate.
01:11Kazakh intelligentsia criticized the government for excessive policies that led to famine and mass deaths.
01:17For this outright rebellion, they were arrested, exiled and executed.
01:22This is Karlaq, one of the largest labor camps in the USSR, located in the middle of the Kazakh steppe.
01:29Its vast territory was once compared to the size of France.
01:32From 1931 till 1959, about a million people passed through the camp.
01:37For others, the outcome was even more immediate.
01:40They were executed.
01:41Among them was Rahat Amonbaev's grandfather, Amonbaev Kaspakbaev.
01:45In October 1937, just at the dinner table, the NKVD members came to the NKVD.
01:52They had a complaint, they took him.
01:55It was an era of a big terror.
01:57According to the documents, which Rahat was able to get only after the collapse of the Soviet Union,
02:02Amonbaev was accused of being a fascist, a Trotskyist and helping suspected dissidents.
02:31After spending their eight years enduring hardship and abuse,
02:35she took her kids from their uncle and moved away to avoid discrimination and harassment.
02:44One of the prominent figures who faced such a fate was Saken Sifulin,
02:48a Kazakh poet, a promoter of the Kazakh language and once the head of the Kazakh government.
02:54He was championing Kazakh identity and attributes,
02:57for which he was accused of being a nationalist and an anti-Soviet.
03:01The irony was that he was a revolutionary and a Bolshevik.
03:25Sifulin's little son died on a train when he and his mother were deported.
03:28His father and older brother were also executed.
03:31His younger brother survived by a miracle.
03:34From 1937 till 1957, the Sifulin family lived under the label of the enemy of the people.
03:41До сих пор мама вспоминает, что вот из-за волосы таскали, и в школе.
03:45И потом вот этот страх, что в какой-то день, не дай бог, кто-то донесет, что-то может случиться,
03:54постоянно присутствовал.
03:54No university wanted to admit an enemy of the people.
03:57When she finally got admitted to the Zoological Institute,
04:00someone denounced her, and she had to finish her education in secret.
04:04Her father, Saken's little brother, couldn't hold a job for 20 years.
04:08Each time someone found out he was an enemy of the people, and he was fired.
04:15When Stalin died in 1953, many people were amnestied and rehabilitated.
04:20Проведена проверка, признание методы, которые послужили основанием для ареста моего отташки, дедушки, незаконными.
04:27Он был полностью rehabilитирован.
04:29Both Sifulin and Kaspakpaev were rehabilitated in 1957.
04:33In 1993, independent Kazakhstan adopted a law on rehabilitation of victims of political repressions,
04:39restoring their good names and compensating the families.
04:42Kazakhstan is continuing to examine archival documents of the Soviet era.
04:47Just three years ago, a special commission rehabilitated 300,000 people.
04:52The country makes every effort to commemorate those who fell victim to the Red Terror.
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