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For the first time, investigators detail how they believe the crime was committed, from the midday assault to the afternoon killing in the basement

Sunday, May 11th, 1913

The Theory, in Full

Two weeks have passed since the body of 14-year-old Mary Phagan was discovered in the basement of the National Pencil Factory. For the first time, The Journal is able to present the complete theory of the city detectives and their fellow investigators as to exactly how the crime was carried out.

It is as follows.

The Attack

Mary Phagan arrived at the pencil factory sometime between noon and 12:10 on the afternoon of Saturday, April 26th. Shortly after her arrival, she was lured to the metal room on the second floor, where she had worked as an employee. The large doors of that room were pulled shut, making it nearly impossible for the two men working on the fourth floor above to hear any cries from within.

There she was overpowered and assaulted.

The assailant, understanding that discovery would cost him his life, then argued with the girl and pleaded with her to stay silent. When she refused and repeated her intention to tell what had happened, he struck her a powerful blow to the left eye. The force of the blow sent her into the handle of a lathe. The back of her head struck the handle, rendering her unconscious and opening a wound that bled freely.

The assailant then took a cord, looped it around her neck, and dragged her into one of the small dressing rooms nearby. He placed papers or an old garment beneath her head to absorb the flow of blood, closed the door, and left, believing the girl was dead or dying.

The Return

Later in the afternoon, when the factory had emptied of workers, the assailant returned. He carried or dragged the body to the elevator and brought it down to the basement.

It is the theory of the detectives that during this descent, either from the motion of the elevator or from a slackening of the cord around her neck, Mary Phagan partially regained consciousness. When the assailant realized she was still alive, he tightened the cord and dragged her by it to the far end of the darkened basement. He then tore the wide hem from the child's underskirt and knotted it around her neck as a second noose, to ensure she would not survive. Afterward, he pulled the staple from the rear door of the basement, either intending to later remove the body to the alley outside, or to make it appear that the murderer had entered and exited the building through that entrance.

The Physical Evidence

Cord of the same type found around Mary Phagan's neck, cut to the same lengths and tied with the same loop knots, exists in large quantities in the metal room where detectives believe the crime began. Blood was found on the floor of that room.
Transcript
00:00City Detectives Theory of Fagan Murder Outlined, The Atlanta Journal, Sunday, May 11, 1913,
00:06page 1, column 7. The journal presents first complete statement of case solicitor and his
00:11investigators. Seek to build how detectives think crime was committed. They maintain that Mary Fagan
00:17was left unconscious in factory near midday and killed later in afternoon, for the first time
00:23since the lifeless body of pretty 14-year-old Mary Fagan was found in the basement of the National
00:28Pencil Factory this morning two weeks ago. The journal is enabled to make public the theory of
00:33the City Detectives and others investigating the murder mystery as to how the crime was committed.
00:38Here is the theory. The theory in detail is that Mary Fagan arrived at the Pencil Factory between
00:4512 and 12 10 o'clock on Saturday, April 26th, that within a short time after she arrived there she
00:51was lured to the metal room on the second floor where she worked, that the big doors of this room
00:56were closed, making it almost impossible for the two men working on the fourth floor to hear
01:01any outcries, that she was overpowered and assaulted, that the assailant, realizing that
01:06he had committed a crime which would cost him his life if it became known, argued with her and
01:11entreated her to keep silent, that when she reiterated her intention to tell he struck her a terrific blow
01:17in the left eye, causing her to fall against the handle of the lathe, that the back of her head
01:22struck the lathe handle, rendering her unconscious and producing a wound from which the blood flowed
01:27freely, that the assailant then secured a cord and looped around her neck, after which he dragged
01:33her into one of the small dressing rooms nearby, placing papers or some old garment beneath her
01:38head to catch the flow of blood, that the door to the dressing room was closed, and the assailant
01:43went away, believing that the girl was dead or dying, returned later in afternoon, that later in the
01:52afternoon, when there was no one in the factory, he returned and either carried or dragged the body
01:57to the elevator, which he ran to the basement, that the peculiar motion of the elevator or the slackening
02:04of the loop knot in the cord about the girl's neck resulted in her partially regaining consciousness,
02:10that when the assailant observed this, he tightened the cord around her neck and dragged her by it over
02:16into the rear end of the semi-darkened basement, that he then tore the wide hem from the child's
02:21underskirt and knotted it about her neck to make doubly sure that she would be effectively strangled,
02:26that he then pulled the staple from the fastening in the rear door, either with the intention of later
02:31removing the body from the premises to the alley in the rear of the factory, or for the purpose of
02:37making it appear that the murderer entered and left the building by this door. The detectives have
02:42evidence to the effect that Mary Fagan went to the factory a few minutes after twelve o'clock.
02:47They hold to the opinion that she could have been attacked and left unconscious within a period of
02:52twenty minutes. Cord found in room. Cord of the kind found around the girl's neck, in the same lengths
02:58and tied with the same loop knots, is found, it is said, in large quantities in the metal room where
03:03they
03:03insist the crime was committed. Blood was found on the floor of this room and human hair was found
03:08on the lathe handle. Blood was also found on the elevator door. By actual tests they have
03:14demonstrated, it is claimed, that it would have been almost impossible for the girl's screams to
03:18have been heard by the two men working on the fourth floor. This demonstration was made, it declared,
03:24when the factory was silent and a lusty, lunged man shouted at the top of his voice.
03:28He could barely be heard on the fourth floor, it is said, although persons there were listening
03:33intently for his cries. It is the theory of the detectives that with papers or old clothes
03:38wrapped around the girl's head, no blood would have been found on the floor of the dressing room.
03:43The girl's left eye was badly bruised, indicating, the detectives think, that she had been struck a
03:48fist blow, and there were one or two bruises on her chest which could have been produced in the
03:52same manner. Cries heard at 4.30. Only ten or fifteen minutes would have been required, say the
03:58detectives, for the murderer to have taken the girl down the elevator to the basement.
04:03They have, it is said, a witness, a woman, who swears she was passing the pencil factory about 4.30
04:08o'clock on Saturday afternoon, April 26th, and that she heard a woman's piteous cries. According to this
04:15witness, these cries seemed to come from the basement and were cut short, as if they were muffled in some
04:20way. The witness says, it is claimed, she did not report the matter at the time because she thought
04:25it must have been a negro man in a fuss with his wife, and she didn't care to become involved
04:30as
04:30a witness in such a case. It is the testimony of this woman which leads the detectives to the
04:36theory that the girl was not taken to the basement until in the afternoon, and that she regained
04:41consciousness while she was being taken from the elevator. They explain their theory that the hem of
04:47the girl's underskirt was tied about her neck after she was taken to the basement by calling
04:51attention to the fact that there was no cord or other strings down there, and that the murderer,
04:57fearing that the cord about her neck would not be sufficient to strangle her, sought for a second
05:02noose and finding nothing handy tore the hem from her underskirt. This theory is also strengthened,
05:07the detectives think, by the testimony of Dr. J.W. Hurt, the county physician who performed the autopsy
05:13on the girl's body. He declares that she came to her death from strangulation, that the blow on the
05:18head was sufficient to render her unconscious, but not to kill her. Mesh bag missing. The detectives
05:24hold firm to the theory that Mary Fagan never left the pencil factory after she went there for her
05:28money one dollar twenty cents, but they are puzzled to know what became of this money and also the
05:33silver mesh bag which she carried with her and which contained sixty cents when she left home to go
05:39direct to the factory. As far as is known, all the other effects of the girl, including her parasol,
05:44were found in the basement. The silver mesh bag is missing, and the detectives have never been able
05:50to find the envelope in which the girl is said to have received her money. The parasol was found at
05:55the foot of the elevator shaft, which leads them to the theory that when the girl was carried down to
06:00the basement, the parasol was left on the second floor where she was attacked, and that the murderer,
06:05finding the parasol there when he returned, threw it into the elevator shaft. The above is a complete
06:12statement of the theory upon which the detectives, the solicitor general, and other investigators for
06:18the state are working.
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