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Dive into the gripping tales of Titanic survivors and uncover the reasons behind the ship's unique design, including its infamous fake chimney. Additionally, explore the navigational challenges faced by vessels in the waters surrounding South America, revealing the intriguing complexities of maritime history.
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00:02the lookout shouts iceberg right ahead the titanic strikes the ice water starts flooding in third
00:09class passengers are locked up there aren't enough lifeboats for everyone panic sets in violins are
00:16playing the ship sinks well we all know the story of the movie titanic like the back of our hand
00:22by
00:23now but what if i told you that hollywood lied to us to tell the real story of what happened
00:29that
00:29freezing night in 1912 we need to rewind a bit
00:35the lookout shouts iceberg right ahead yep that part was true just before 11 40 at night frederick
00:42fleet noticed something darker than the sea directly ahead as the ship got closer he realized it was an
00:49iceberg the engines were quickly reversed and the ship turned sharply instead of hitting it head-on
00:55titanic scraped along the side of the bird sprinkling ice on the forward deck if you remember in the
01:02movie jack and rose are having a romantic moment when they feel the ship shudder after hitting the
01:08iceberg everything shakes as if they were in the middle of a light earthquake some real life
01:14passengers reported feeling something similar after the impact but according to titanic survivor frank
01:20prentice it wasn't exactly like that he said there was no impact as such and it all felt more like
01:28slamming on your car brakes the ship stopped and that was that some people even slept right through
01:34the collision confirming that there wasn't such an abrupt impact mr prentice curious about what had
01:41happened left his cabin and went out to the deck when he got there all he could see was a
01:46little ice on
01:47the surface not the towering iceberg that jack and rose saw but as we all know by now the real
01:54damage
01:54happened below the water line where the iceberg had a jagged spur that slashed a 300 foot gash in
02:01titanic's hull once the crew realized how severe the damage was they immediately began sending distress
02:08calls to nearby ships asking for help at some point in the movie the radio operator goes to the captain
02:15and says there is only one ship nearby the rms carpathia which later ends up rescuing many passengers
02:23but in real life there were more ships around it's believed that the ss californian was only about 23
02:30miles away this ship might have actually seen the titanic sinking or at the very least seen its rockets
02:36exploding high in the sky yet for reasons we will never fully understand they didn't try to help
02:45let's get back to the story now people need to get off the ship at 12 45 lifeboat number seven
02:53was the
02:53first to be lowered just like in the movie women and children were told to go first but in reality
02:59some women were hesitant and even refused to get into the lifeboats mr prentice said this happened mainly
03:06for two reasons first these lifeboats were high and passengers were terrified of the 70 foot drop from
03:12the deck to the ocean below and second most women didn't believe the titanic would actually sink it
03:19was called unsinkable after all so the idea of getting into a lifeboat seemed pointless at the time
03:27this mindset probably explains why eloise smith a first class passenger recalled that there was no panic
03:34or chaos at first other survivors backed this up saying that no women or kids were crying but one
03:42thing that was indeed concerning at least for the crew was the possibility that the lifeboats might
03:47buckle under too much weight this is one of the theories why the first few lifeboats left carrying
03:53only a fraction of their full capacity like lifeboat number seven which only carried 27 people in it
04:00even though it could hold up to 65 in total titanic had 20 lifeboats which could carry about half of
04:09the 2200 people on board that night but that didn't happen and now we know the passengers had no idea
04:16there weren't enough for everyone as women were calmly getting into the first lifeboats musicians headed up
04:23to the deck their only goal was to play and keep the passengers calm that's a pretty well-known fact
04:30but the real story is that some survivors said they never saw or heard the band no violinists whatsoever
04:39it's not like hollywood misled you though the musicians did play for over two hours after the
04:44ship had hit the iceberg so maybe these passengers were just too panicked to notice the songs or the
04:50musicians started playing later than we think
04:55now it's time to talk about the terrible treatment that third class passengers received the movie
05:01portrayed the crew as cruel locking the less fortunate below deck like animals giving them
05:07no chance to reach the lifeboats and save their lives but the official inquiry into the disaster suggested
05:13that that wasn't true i mean yes fewer third class passengers survived compared to those in first and
05:20second class but there were other factors at play many third class passengers were reluctant to leave the
05:27ship clinging to their belongings and had a harder time making their way up from the cabins
05:32which were at extreme ends of the ship
05:37some survivors confirmed that they were not locked up in fact it was quite the opposite
05:43mrs george wabi a lebanese woman traveling in third class said that when chaos had erupted
05:48some brave crew members and well-dressed first-class passengers had actually helped her get up to
05:54the first class deck and eventually onto a lifeboat at first the titanic was sinking slowly bit by bit
06:03passengers reported seeing the water rising and hearing pops and cracks then there was a loud boom
06:10some said there had been just one explosion while others described it as a series of smaller explosions
06:16which they'd thought had been the bulkheads giving way and there's also a group of people who said they
06:22had only heard a rumbling sound so not everyone agreed on the sound they had heard but one thing is
06:28a fact
06:29by 2 18 in the morning the lights on titanic went out and the ship plunged into complete darkness
06:37as the bow continued sinking the stern rose out of the water putting immense pressure on the middle of the
06:43ship
06:44this caused the titanic to break in two
06:46in james cameron's movie this moment is pretty dramatic with the ship sinking almost straight down
06:53into the water but in reality the break probably happened at a much lower angle likely just below
07:00the waterline one interesting thing is that it wasn't until the wreckage was found in 1985 that it was
07:07finally confirmed the titanic had broken apart up until then survivors had given conflicting stories
07:15at least eight survivors claimed they had seen the ship split emily ryerson a first class passenger
07:22described it as if the titanic had been sliced in half with a knife but there was also a small
07:28number
07:28of witnesses that insisted titanic had gone down intact at the time this theory was more accepted because
07:35most people still didn't believe that the supposedly indestructible ship could break in half
07:43so why the conflicting reports okay so what you don't see in the movies for obvious reasons is how
07:50incredibly dark it was when the tragedy happened it was like being in a room with no light where you
07:55can only make out shapes and shadows that's what it was like on the lifeboats this means passengers
08:02couldn't really see what was happening and most of those who were close to the ship either lost their
08:08lives or were too focused on trying to survive to pay attention to the details of the wreck
08:14although james cameron's film didn't fully capture how terrifyingly dark the disaster truly was
08:20the 2012 tv series titanic did a better job of showing the pitch black horror of that night even then
08:28the reality was much darker and more terrifying than either of these two productions could portray
08:36in the titanic movie you won't see any fumes above the fourth funnel of the legendary ocean liner
08:42and it's not a mistake back in 1911 the year before the dream ship's departure large ships would mostly
08:49sail with four chimneys they needed those to draw heat and fumes from their massive boilers the titanic
08:55was a real engineering gym that only needed three chimneys to function so the fourth was added for balance
09:01and more impressive looks the white star line thought the public would have been disappointed
09:06to see only three pipes on the greatest ship of all time the titanic sister ships the olympic and
09:12the britannic also had one fake funnel each for the same reason the dummy chimney wasn't completely useless
09:19and served for ventilation it took out the fumes from the machine spaces in the lower decks
09:24and from one of the first class general rooms one big ventilation funnel instead of several small ones
09:30helped to declutter the upper decks and left more open space for passengers to enjoy their strolls
09:37when titanic went down the funnels each weighing 60 tons went down with the rest of the ship they were
09:44made extra tall to make sure the passengers weren't covered in the suit being ejected their height and
09:49weight let them stay in the upright position the forward funnel followed by the others fell only when
09:56the ship went for the final dive those chimneys were much lighter than the bow so they spread among other
10:02debris the light material they were made of flattened once it hit the bottom and the iron eating bacteria
10:08living deep down took care of it later the bow of titanic remained intact when it hit the seabed but
10:15the
10:15stern was completely mangled when the famous ocean liner hit that iceberg things got really messy it took the
10:22future movie star a whole two hours and forty minutes to submerge completely the collision let
10:28water flood six out of sixteen watertight compartments as the water gushed into the starboard side the ship
10:34started to tilt down in the front and a bit to the right by midnight the damaged compartments were spilling
10:40water into others and it was chaos because these compartments were only watertight horizontally
10:46soon enough water started flooding through the anchor chain holes and by 2 a.m the bow was sinking and
10:53the stern's
10:54propellers were lifted out of the water the ship kept flooding until the moment the bow went underwater and the
11:00stern shot up
11:01almost 45 degrees the weight of those massive propellers stressed the ship's midsection the steel just couldn't handle it and
11:08failed survivors described that moment as some loud noise like breaking china or falling gear that was the titanic
11:16upper structure giving in by 12 past 2 a.m the bow and stern were only connected by the inner
11:23bottom
11:24structure minutes later the bow weighing almost 16 000 tons broke loose from the stern the stern rose
11:32sharply to an almost vertical position and started sinking slowly by 220 it disappeared underwater the bow was
11:39cruising down at about 13 miles per hour and had hit the ocean floor almost a half an hour before
11:45the stern
11:46the two parts of the titanic now lie 2 000 feet apart pointing in different directions the bow remained
11:53mostly intact just covered in mud the stern turned into a tangled wreck because of the implosions it went
11:59through during the descent the air trapped within the structure just couldn't handle the increasing
12:04pressure of the water deep down signal rockets played a big part in the titanic's tragedy when a ship goes
12:11down you're supposed to shoot up red flares to signal trouble but someone decided to stop titanic with
12:17white lights instead of the usual red ones so when the ship smacked into that iceberg the crew fired off
12:24white flares the ss californian was passing nearby and his captain knew the titanic was in a dangerous
12:30iceberg zone the crew didn't spot the sinking titanic but they sure saw those white rockets the radio between the
12:38ships was useless because the californians operator switched it off the captain had a gut feeling
12:44something was off so he flashed a morse code light signal at titanic but he received no reply because
12:50the titanic had already gone underwater there was another ship samson sailing alongside the titanic it
12:58had plenty of illegally hunted frozen seal meat from canadian waters abroad so it was sailing with
13:03lights off to remain unnoticed when they saw the titanic's white rockets they thought it was the
13:09coast guard and zoomed away samson didn't have a radio so they couldn't find out about the ongoing
13:15disaster the crew got the news about titanic only when they got to the coast of iceland the following
13:20month there have been many theories to explain the titanic tragedy and one of the recent ones says that there
13:27was a fire involved an irish journalist went full detective for decades digging into the mystery
13:34and stumbled upon a game changer he came across a photo album that had been hiding from the public
13:39for a century after the tragedy in the pictures taken at the harlan and wolf shipyard in belfast
13:45northern ireland just over a week before the liner sailed you can clearly see a massive 30-foot black spot
13:52on the ship's hull maloney researched the photos and eyewitness testimony from the time and claimed
13:58that a fire spontaneously broke out inside of one of titanic's enormous coal bunkers it was raging for
14:04a whole three weeks and messed with the metal critically weakening a crucial segment of the ship's hull
14:10back then most ships had just one hull so it was the only skin the titanic had that's why the
14:17iceberg
14:17managed to punch a hole through the ship so easily if it hadn't been for the fire the titanic might
14:22have
14:23shrugged off that iceberg collision the company operating the liner knew about the fire but they
14:28decided to conceal that fact they didn't want any negative stories in the press as they faced some
14:34serious competition in transatlantic voyages the titanic was sold out so they stocked up on coal and made
14:40its sail the moon might have also played a role in the sinking our satellite heavily affects tides on
14:48the earth the closer it is to our planet the stronger the tides are because of the increasing
14:53gravity of the moon back in 1912 the moon was so close it made several glaciers in greenland break apart
15:01massive chunks of ice that broke off from the glacier started floating south the supermoon event came just
15:06six minutes after a spring tide during new and full moons the alignment of the moon the earth and the
15:13sun makes their combined gravity reach its peak and the day before our planet had come the closest to
15:20the sun that year which made the gravity even stronger this mixture of events created perfect conditions
15:26for one of the most powerful tides in history it created the perfect conditions for the icebergs
15:32breaking off from greenland's glaciers to move freely opponents of this theory say that the
15:37difference in tidal force wasn't actually that big and it couldn't have been the main cause of the
15:42sinking the iceberg tore down the side of the ship leaving a huge opening in a hull it wasn't a
15:49continuous rip and damage was caused in several places some experts believe the ship would have
15:55survived the iceberg if it had hit head-on the titanic had watertight compartments designed to
16:01prevent flooding in case of a collision only the first three or four of these compartments would
16:06have been flooded this could have helped save a lot of lives supporters of this theory put the blame
16:11for the disaster on first officer william murdoch huge fast-moving ships don't just turn in a
16:18matter of seconds like a speeding car it takes minutes when murdoch realized the collision was inevitable
16:24he tried dodging left to avoid a direct hit but despite his efforts the ship still collided with
16:30the iceberg you know the rest there's a stretch of water that even the most experienced explorers fear
16:39no matter what season you choose to cross it in you risk meeting face to face with waves that can
16:45reach
16:45as tall as the hollywood sign i'm talking about the drake passage the waterway connecting the pacific ocean
16:53to the atlantic ocean stretching from cape horn at south america's southernmost tip to antarctica's
16:59south shetland islands it's about as wide as the distance from london to berlin and takes up to 48
17:06hours to cross some sailors compare getting on the other side to going to the moon that's how challenging
17:12it is even the man who discovered it sir francis drake never sailed these waters because they seemed
17:18too dangerous to him and opted for a calmer although longer straight of magellan the passage took the lives of
17:26around 20 000 sailors and over 800 ships tourists who want to see antarctica cross the drake passage
17:33on a regular basis although it's still often called the world's most terrifying ocean crossing
17:40the antarctic peninsula where travelers go isn't really part of antarctica itself it sticks out and
17:47points towards south america like two fingers almost touching it the water gets squeezed between these two
17:54land masses making strong ocean currents the passage is part of the antarctic circumpolar current the
18:01largest ocean current on earth the water rushes through the passage at a speed between 95 and 150
18:09million cubic meters per second which makes it rougher and then there are winds that usually blow from west
18:16to east and are very strong between 40 and 60 degrees latitude that's why those areas are called the
18:23roaring 40s furious 50s and screaming 60s land slows down winds which is why storms hitting ireland and
18:31the uk get weaker as they move east but drake's latitude is the only place where winds can blow all
18:38around the earth without being stopped by land so they keep getting faster these strong winds turn into
18:45huge waves that can hit ships really hard normally around 13 to 16 feet tall they're much higher than
18:53waves in the atlantic drake passage also has underwater mountains that you can't see the huge current
19:01squeezes through this narrow passage and causes waves to crash against these mountains underwater these
19:08internal waves create whirls that bring cold water up from the deep ocean so it's not just rough on the
19:14surface the water is wild all the way down the first sailor managed to sail around cape horn and
19:22through the drake passage in 1616 it was a dutch navigator willem shouten in 1616 but the most famous
19:30attempt to cross it was undertaken by sir ernest henry shackleton on his ship named endurance he and 27 of
19:37his men
19:38set off from south georgia aiming to reach vassal bay in antarctica but things didn't go as planned
19:45on january 19 19 19 15 their ship got stuck in the ice and by october it began to sink
19:53they camped on
19:54floating ice for two months before sailing lifeboats to a remote icy place called elephant island shackleton and
20:02five men made a risky journey to south georgia to get help it took them 15 days to cross drake
20:09passage
20:09with hurricane winds finally they arrived safely and organized a rescue for the rest of their crew
20:17scientists found the shipwreck of endurance only in 2022 10 000 feet below the water in december of 2019
20:26six fearless athletes decided to cross the drake passage by rowing a boat for the first time in
20:32history it took them 12 days of non-stop rowing with a 90-minute rotation of rowers they managed to
20:40do
20:40it and it was probably the hardest possible way to cross the passage the athletes mentioned it was cold
20:47wet and dirty and the waves hit them like walls the weather in the drake passage changes a lot but
20:54ship
20:55captains can always see it coming and change their path they will move the departure time to have a
21:00safety margin and not to get stuck in the middle of the passage in the worst possible conditions
21:05sometimes the journey will be smooth and calm and they call it drake lake other times people on the
21:12ship will feel rough waves which is called drake shake some experienced captains who often cross the
21:18passage say that the drake lake effect happens once in every 10 crossings and they see the drake shake
21:26once or twice in every 10 journeys a schooner or a kayak will probably not survive the journey among giant
21:33waves
21:33but modest vessels and cruise ships have sturdy hulls and advanced stabilizing mechanisms so the journey
21:40isn't that dangerous anymore but still it's quite an adventure especially if you're seasick
21:46if you don't feel like risking it but want to travel from the pacific ocean to the atlantic ocean by
21:51water the fast way the panama canal is waiting for you people first started thinking about making
21:58a water path across panama in the 16th century back then a spanish explorer found out that only a thin
22:05piece of land separated the two oceans but it seemed impossible to build it because of the mountains
22:11and thick jungle so the idea had to wait a couple of centuries finally in 1880 france led by the
22:18man
22:19who built the suez canal in egypt tried to make the canal but the people who started the construction
22:24soon found out it was much harder than it looked on a map the land in panama was one of
22:30the toughest
22:31and most dangerous places to dig a big waterway workers had to literally move huge mountains in a jungle full
22:39of snakes where it was really hot and rainy during the wet season heavy rain turned rivers into wild
22:46rapids and soaked the workers sometimes they didn't see the sun for two weeks and their clothes stayed wet
22:52all the time big rocks were falling and tiny mosquitoes that carried malaria made people very sick
23:00and then an earthquake happened on top of everything they were losing thousands of people that's why france
23:06decided to abandon the project after seven years then the united states bought the french assets in the
23:13canal zone and finished it by 1914 it cost the u.s around 375 million dollars the 50 mile long
23:22passage of
23:22water saves ships traveling between new york and san francisco 7872 miles around 14 000 ships use it every year
23:32and pay around 1.8 million dollars in tolls so it looks like it all paid off another challenging
23:40waterway in this part of the world is the amazon river it's around 4 300 miles long and flows through
23:47three countries with over 30 million people living in its basin but there isn't a single bridge across it
23:54the river has many marshes and soft soils so engineers would need to build very long bridges and very deep
24:01foundations which costs a lot of money building bridges over deep water is tough but in other
24:08places in the world engineers can use things like floating platforms to help the river's path and water
24:14levels change a lot during the year during the dry season from june to november the river is usually two
24:21to six miles wide but in the wet season from december to april the river can become as wide as
24:2730 miles
24:28and the water level can rise by 50 feet that's why they can't build floating bridges or pontoons
24:35the river banks are made of soft dirt that moves and erodes with the seasons and it makes things even
24:41harder it would have to be an absolutely unique project to overcome all these challenges luckily
24:49there is no pressing need for a bridge across the amazon right now the river mostly goes through areas
24:55that are sparsely populated so there aren't so many major roads to be connected by bridges
25:00you
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