00:03it has changed warfare fundamentally especially when you look at how the full-scale invasion
00:09started in 2022 and we had world war one style you know tanks shooting at each other and people
00:15fighting in trenches all the way to today where we have a kill zone that is anywhere from 5 to
00:2220
00:22kilometers in ukraine and nothing survives in there and whatever tries to penetrate into that
00:28kill zone via drones or armored vehicles it will get destroyed within minutes and hours the drones
00:35have fundamentally changed both the cost calculation of war so we have very cheap fpv drones costing just
00:43a couple hundred or thousand bucks taking out very expensive uh very bespoke systems such as tanks
00:50fighter jets helicopters and so you have a fundamental asymmetry of something that is orders of magnitude
00:57cheaper taking out very bespoke uh systems that you cannot produce as easily at scale when you look
01:04at uh studies um where combat kills come from 70 to 80 percent of kills and injuries come from fpv
01:13drones
01:14around 16 percent is artillery and only four percent is small firearms and traditional systems what we're
01:21seeing is both drones evolving themselves we started with those traditional quadcopter drones having an antenna
01:28and using a radio link to transmit data back to the operator but this radio link can be jabbed and
01:37communications can be spoofed most of those radio links are analog and are not encrypted that's mainly because
01:44it's cheap and easy to do as compared to digital encrypted links both people of course are looking
01:50into digital links encrypted links but also have come up with something ingenious very cheap very scalable
01:57very effective and those are fiber optic drones so you're attaching a fiber optic cable on an fpv drone
02:05and now you can transmit data through that fiber optic cable back to the operator and the cable
02:11it's only spool and it literally can extend 5 10 by now 20 or even 50 kilometers and the main
02:19benefit
02:19really being you do not need to rely on a radio link which can be spoofed or jammed your communication
02:26cannot be uh disturbed right you as long as the fiber uh stays on and does not uh break or
02:35um get tiered
02:36you uh see you know what the drone sees and your enemy cannot uh hack your communication link and that
02:43has been extremely effective as we've seen um ukraine getting kicked out of course earlier this year that
02:50was mainly due to fiber optic drones attacking logistic routes and really hurting their resupply traditional
02:57warfare does not work anymore so you cannot move in large groups that is what the north koreans had to
03:04learn when they were deployed in kursk if you're a large group of people you're very easy target
03:08drones can hit you very easily what do ukrainians and russian do at the moment they advance in very
03:14small groups two free people why because if you disperse many groups the drone has a hard time chasing
03:21those individual groups and if you score a hit you're hitting two free people you're not hitting 50 people
03:26people and so we've seen a change from centralized large regiments large groups to decentralized warfare
03:35small groups hiding in dugouts advancing during night or during fog and using fundamentally different
03:42tactics as we had it before
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