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01:58Wir haben freies Geleit. Wir sind Schützen des Kaisers.
02:03Glaube ich nicht. Wäre die Schützen des Kaisers, würde dir besser schießen.
02:07Der, der kann es bezeugen.
02:09Ich werde dem Kaiser klagen, dass ihr nicht treffen könnt.
02:14Und ich werde mich beim Kaiser beklagen, dass der Götz ein übler Räuber ist und seinen Landfrieden bricht.
02:22Hast du ein großes Maul, was?
02:24Auf die Knie und Hände an den Baum.
02:26Hände an den Baum, sag ich.
02:28Nur mit einem Wagen unterwegs. Da muss er noch was drauf zahlen.
02:31Es ist das dritte Mal dieses Jahr, dass ihr mir alles nehmt.
02:34Mein Lieber, aller guten Dinge sind drei. Und drei ist eine gute Zahl.
02:39Dreitausend Gulden.
02:40Aber so viel kann ich nicht bezahlen. Ihr nehmt mir alles. Ich bin ruiniert.
02:44Mir kommen die Tränen, Verrührung.
02:46Habt doch ein Einsehen, Götz.
02:49Dreitausend. Und zwar bis Johanni auf der Hornburg.
02:52Aber es ist das letzte Mal.
02:54So der liebe Gott will. Und wenn er nicht wieder über mein Land fahrt.
02:58Schwör er's.
02:59Bei Gott, dem Allmächtigen.
03:02Und jetzt verschwinde. Na los.
03:06Dreitausend bis Johanni.
03:09For hundreds of years, knights had been the masters in their own domains.
03:14For generations, they had made laws and judged their vassals.
03:18Many of these people were serfs.
03:20All of them had to provide services and pay taxes.
03:25But by the 16th century, these revenues were declining.
03:30At Hornberg Castle on the river Neckar,
03:33there lived one of the most notorious knights of the day.
03:39The imperial knight, Götz von Berlichingen.
03:44I liked horses and riding better than going to school, he wrote.
03:48God created me a warrior and a knight.
03:52That's what I was made for.
03:58Gottfried Götz von Berlichingen was born in 1480,
04:02the last of ten children.
04:04In that position, you learned to fight for everything.
04:08And so Götz did.
04:10As a knight, he was a lesser noble, but that didn't bother him.
04:15He was an imperial knight and subject only to the king.
04:19Only the king and god were above him.
04:26But when the emperor called, he had to come.
04:30He was duty-bound to fight for the emperor.
04:33But mostly Götz fought his own personal battles.
04:37He was involved in 15 running feuds and supported his friends
04:42with energy and enthusiasm, as he put it.
04:47This earned him the reputation of a robber baron.
04:50His trademark was his iron hand.
04:54Götz hat sich eben noch als ein Mitglied
04:58dieser mittelalterlichen Adelsgesellschaft verstanden,
05:02in der Freiheit den höchsten Wert ausmachte.
05:06Er hat dann auf dieser Grundlage Erpressung,
05:09Menschenraub durchgeführt.
05:11Das Ganze war ein Bandentum aus unserer heutigen Sicht.
05:16Für Götz aber etwas ganz anderes.
05:18Darin drückte sich eben seine Freiheit aus.
05:22Robbery was not Götz's only sideline.
05:26At the siege of Lanzhut, he fought as a mercenary
05:30on behalf of Bavaria against the Palatinate.
05:33He sold his services, as did many poor knights
05:37who needed extra income.
05:42A small field cannon had just been introduced.
05:46They were not particularly popular with knights.
06:01The culverins were not very accurate,
06:05but their noise terrified both knights and horses.
06:27And then it happened.
06:30A misfire from his own side hit him.
06:37Miraculously, he survived.
06:39But his hand was gone.
06:46In 1504, there was help if you went to the right place.
06:53Nuremberg was the Silicon Valley of the Middle Ages,
06:56known for its ingenious armorers.
06:59Precision toolmakers built the first pocket watches
07:03and technical apparatus exported all over the world.
07:09They found a solution for goods.
07:15I said to you, this Schießerei can I not leiden.
07:18And the Städte also not.
07:21Then go to the Hofschmied.
07:23In your village will there be one place.
07:27Hüte dein Mundwerk, wenn du mein Geld willst.
07:32Wenn ihr daran zieht, dann macht es schnapp.
07:41In Nürnberg muss auch ein Raubritter zahlen.
07:45Werdet ihr?
07:47Wenn's schnappt, zahle ich auch.
08:00Nix, du Scharlatan.
08:04Vielleicht ein Gottesurteil.
08:06Hör mir zu, mein Freund.
08:08Ich habe dir schon mal gesagt, du sollst deine Zunge hüten.
08:10Niemand redet so mit Götz von Berlichingen,
08:12weil er sonst mit dieser eisernen Faust
08:15die Rechnung begleichen wird.
08:39Und so was born the legend of the knight with the iron hand.
08:44It became his symbol, feared in town and country.
08:54Today, the Baron of Berlichingen
08:57looks after his ancestor's original iron hand.
09:01Götz couldn't grasp a sword with it,
09:03but he could hold reins.
09:07Diese eiserne Prothese hat folgende Besonderheit.
09:12Alle Fingerglieder sind beweglich.
09:15Aus dieser Grundstellung heraus konnte Götz seine Finger,
09:19die einzelnen Finger und Fingerglieder biegen,
09:23wie er es brauchte, um einen gewissen Gegenstand zu greifen.
09:29Auch den Daumen lässt sich einbiegen.
09:31Dann hat er verschiedene Knöpfe gehabt,
09:34zum Beispiel hier für den Daumen,
09:36der dann wieder in die Ausgangstellung zurückspringt.
09:39Und nicht nur die Finger,
09:41auch die Hand war seitlich beweglich
09:46und konnte dann so einen leichten Gegenstand greifen.
09:53The iron hand is a masterpiece of precision mechanics.
09:59It has 152 parts with hinges, wheels and springs like a watch.
10:06It set the ball rolling in the development of prosthetic arms.
10:12After the First World War,
10:15limbless soldiers were commonly fitted with prostheses,
10:19something only knights could afford in the Middle Ages.
10:23In 1915, the famous surgeon, Dr. Sauerbruch,
10:29used Götz's iron fist as a model for the Sauerbruch Hand.
10:35So the knight's iron hand became the prototype
10:38for all artificial hands,
10:41flexible enough to hold objects or even catch a ball.
10:51To Götz Hornberg Castle was his sanctuary,
10:55but to the townsfolk, merchants and local rulers,
10:59it was a robber's den and a constant threat.
11:05Götz von Berlichingen,
11:07Reichsritter seiner Majestät Kaiser Maximilians?
11:12Wie ihn der Herrgott geschaffen
11:14und dann die Welt geformt hat.
11:16Der Erzbischof von Mainz lädt dich zum Verhör.
11:24Er möge mir einen Grund dafür nennen.
11:30Beleidigt hat er mich schon genug.
11:32Du hast den Bundesrat Johann Küchenmeister gefangen gesetzt.
11:35Nie gehört von dem Mann.
11:36Um für ihn ein hohes Lösegeld zu erpressen.
11:39Das ist nicht wahr.
11:41Der Amtmann aus Krautheim hat es geschworen.
11:47Dieser gottesfürchtige Mann soll mich kennenlernen.
11:53Bestelle diesem Amtmann in Krautheim die besten Grüße von mir.
11:57Ich werde ihn bald besuchen.
12:00Verschwindet!
12:01Aber schnell!
12:16Next came the historic meeting
12:19between Götz von Berlichingen
12:21and the bailiff of Krautheim.
12:23There, Götz delivered a phrase
12:25that may be used to great effect when it's called for,
12:28or it may simply slip out.
12:33Stumpf!
12:36Zeig dich!
12:40Stumpf!
12:40Ich hab mit dir zu reden!
12:42Wir könnten die Burg niederbrennen.
12:46Stumpf!
12:48Wenn du kein Feigling bist,
12:50dann komm raus und zeig dich!
12:54Mutter Maria!
12:55Es ist der Götz!
12:56Der Feigling!
12:57Schick die Frauen vor!
12:58Du raubgesindel, du Heckenreiter, du einarmiger Bandit!
13:03Ich werde dich beim Kaiser verklagen!
13:06Weißt du was?
13:07Ich werde dir was sagen!
13:08Du kannst mich!
13:09Lecker mich hinten!
13:12Centuries later, in 1774,
13:16the young Goethe became famous overnight with his play
13:19Götz von Berlichingen with the Iron Hand.
13:23He had read a description of Götz's life and came across the phrase,
13:28He can lick my backside.
13:30But in the play, he had Götz say,
13:34He can lick my ass.
13:36And with that, Götz's words went down in history.
13:43The knight with the Iron Hand would say,
13:46or hear,
13:47no ill of only one person,
13:50the Emperor.
13:53Du kannst dich drauf verlassen, Götz!
13:55Ich werde dem Kaiser klagen!
13:59Ich wärme dich!
14:06Na?
14:11Ich sage euch,
14:13auch wenn ich es könnte gegen den Kaiser,
14:15werde ich mein Lebtag nicht unternehmen.
14:20When he set fire to the bailiff of Krautheim's house
14:23or robbed merchants,
14:25Götz was sure he had justice on his side.
14:28He appealed to the old law of knighthood
14:32and couldn't understand
14:33that complaints were lodged about him.
14:38Der Kaufmann aus Nürnberg.
14:46Gott, was will der schon wieder?
14:48Es geht um Götz von Berlichingen.
14:51Das kann warten.
14:54The Emperor, Maximilian I,
14:58recognised what the New Times called for.
15:01He established a more stable rule of law
15:03and made the imperial court the highest court of appeal.
15:07He ensured that people from all classes
15:09had a voice in Parliament
15:11and he introduced a postal monopoly.
15:16In 1508, Maximilian gave himself the title of
15:21elected Roman Emperor
15:23without ever being crowned by the Pope.
15:26He reformed the Holy Roman Empire.
15:29He was on the one hand a modern monarch
15:32and on the other a traditionalist
15:34who upheld the old ideals of knighthood.
15:37His favourite pastime was attending medieval tournaments.
15:42He even wrote a novel,
15:44The Adventures of the Knight Toyerdank.
15:49You could say that Maximilian
15:51was a devotee of chivalry.
15:58Maximilian ist von seiner Nachwelt
16:00als der letzte Ritter bezeichnet worden.
16:02Er war ein leidenschaftlicher Turnierbesucher,
16:05hat selber auch Turniere ausgerichtet.
16:07Er war Jäger aus Leidenschaft.
16:10Er hat sich in seinen autobiografischen Texten
16:13als der wahre Ritter inszeniert, auf der einen Seite.
16:16Auf der anderen Seite war er aber auch ein Herrscher,
16:19der der Zukunft zugewandt war.
16:21Denn mit dem Namen Maximilian
16:22sind auch umfassende politische
16:24und militärische Reformbemühungen verbunden.
16:29One of Maximilians main problems
16:32was the knights who ruled like kings in their fiefdoms.
16:35He wanted safe trade in his empire,
16:38not highway robbery.
16:55Eure Majestät, hört doch.
16:56Ohne unsere Kredite wärt ihr bald.
17:00Mit Verlaub, Eure Majestät.
17:02Aber dieser Götz ist eine Gefahr für den Landfrieden.
17:05Eure Majestät?
17:08Eure Majestät?
17:10Wenn ihr Kaufleute einen Pfeffersack verliert,
17:13soll ich gleich Himmel und Erde in Bewegung setzen
17:15und das herschicken.
17:17Aber wenn es um unser
17:19heiliges,
17:20römisches Reich geht
17:22und ich euch um Hilfe rufe,
17:24dann ist keiner von euch zur Stelle.
17:26Dann lasst ihr eure Hände in euren Geldbeuteln.
17:32Es ist kein Arschwisch da!
17:46Also wie ihr wollt.
17:49Reichsacht über Götz von Berlichingen.
17:55That was his punishment.
17:57Götz was outlawed.
18:00He was no longer allowed
18:01to leave the vicinity of his castle,
18:03to mount a horse,
18:05or the greatest humiliation of all.
18:09Der Kaiser wird mich schon erbrauchen, glaubt mir.
18:11He lost his sword and armor.
18:13Nur eine Frage der Zeit.
18:16Wenn erst der böse Türke kommt
18:18und in sein schönes Reich hereinspaziert.
18:25So dumm wie Stroh.
18:52Maximilian, unser großer Kaiser, Kaiser der Römer.
18:57Mehrer des Reiches.
18:59König von Germanien.
19:02König von Dalmatien.
19:04König von Jerusalem.
19:06Herzog von Burgond.
19:08Und Graf von Tirol.
19:11More than any of his titles, Maximilian liked to be known as the last of the knights.
19:18He loved the struggle for honor and fame, but he didn't actually live like a knight.
19:23He was, what we would call today, a re-enactor.
19:32This was how his tournaments began.
19:35In Maximilian's day, it was the sporting event of the year, a bit like a Grand Prix.
19:44Tournaments were no longer war games, as they had been in the early Middle Ages.
19:51A barrier prevented the horses from colliding.
19:58The lance points were blunted, and the lances were designed to shatter on impact.
20:11So ein Ritterturnier war ein ganz großes Kino, ein Big Picture damals gewesen.
20:16Denn, Sie müssen sehen, es traten ja nicht nur zwei Ritter mit eingelegter Lanze aufeinander,
20:22sondern neben dem Turnier war ein großer Festplatz eingerichtet.
20:26Es fanden Warenmärkte statt, Jahrmärkte der Eitelkeiten fanden statt quasi.
20:32Man versuchte sich darzustellen, möglichst prestigeträchtig auch.
20:37Am Abend wurden Festbankette veranstaltet und Preisveranstaltungen.
20:42All das diente der fürstlichen, ritterlichen Repräsentation standesgemäß aufzutreten auch.
20:50Knights also had to show their colors, as it was called.
20:55Because when their visors were down, they could only be identified by their colors and their coats of arms.
21:04Only blue-blooded knights were admitted to tournaments.
21:10Armorials, or books of heraldic arms, showed who was who in the nobility.
21:18One of the most handsome armorials belonged to the Barons of Gemingen.
21:24It catalogues the heyday of tournaments in the late Middle Ages.
21:29It had one radical innovation.
21:33Not only knights, kings and dukes were seen in magnificent suits of armor,
21:38but so were wealthy townspeople.
21:45Anyone who could afford it could now play at being a knight.
21:52Provided they had some sporting prowess.
21:56And just as football fans fill albums with stickers,
22:01wealthy knights had tournament books.
22:03Generations later, they would still recall the legendary victories of their forebears.
22:18Tournaments were politically very important to Maximilien.
22:22They brought him unparalleled recognition among knights.
22:31He himself is said to have won 70 victories in the lists,
22:36even causing the deaths of several opponents.
22:48But what knight would have dared to unseat an emperor?
22:52The victory of Maximilien Sir Steelehart was probably a foregone conclusion.
23:00For Maximilien, daring and fearlessness were chivalric virtues.
23:05And he lived by this code, both in battle and at tournaments.
23:12He challenged, in vain, the king of France to joust with him instead of taking up arms in a war.
23:20Kings, he thought, should settle their differences themselves
23:24and not lead their people to the slaughter.
23:27It was a good idea, but unfortunately didn't catch on.
23:35Tournaments could test new technology.
23:40Such as helmets with narrow slits to protect the eyes.
23:47Or armor plate to ward off arrows and lances.
23:53To support helmets, brackets were fixed to the armor with massive nuts and bolts.
24:01Nowadays, fixed helmets like these help protect Formula One drivers from neck fractures.
24:11We asked scientists to help us find out what might still happen to a knight in a tournament.
24:24In the Opal crash test laboratory, a dummy is transformed into a medieval knight,
24:31complete with helmet and armor.
24:40The dummy knights collide at 60 kilometers an hour.
24:49The impact weight of the lance is over 400 kilos, as much as 16 bags of cement.
24:56In a full frontal hit, a whiplash would be the least of the dangers.
25:02If he fell from his horse, a knight would be likely to break his spine.
25:08That is, he would be dead.
25:13When you see these pictures, you must ask yourself, why did a Ritter have the Strapazen eines Turniers
25:19in Kauf genommen, where he could even expect the death or even the death of a man could expect?
25:48Another victory for the emperor, the greatest reenactor of his time.
25:55Maximilian's Tournaments would be spoken of for decades.
25:59It wasn't just about survival or fame and honor.
26:05Knights jousted to win praise from beautiful maidens and noble ladies.
26:15But tournaments were not for Götz von Berlichingen.
26:19He didn't fit in the emperor's new world.
26:22He had to wait five years for Maximilian to pardon him, and then he acted straight away.
26:30He proclaimed that he would right any injustice.
26:34He called himself a legal advocate.
26:39He helped Zindelfingen, a tailor who had scored a bullseye in a contest in Cologne,
26:45but wasn't given his prize money.
26:48Götz declared a feud against Cologne.
26:50The tailor got his prize, and Götz a generous commission.
26:59The hunting party trampled a farmer's field.
27:03Götz took the matter up.
27:04The farmer was compensated, and Götz received an ample reward.
27:13When a fellow nobleman was murdered, he saw to it that the widow got compensation,
27:19and, as always, he took his share.
27:22Without any court orders, he defended his client's interests
27:27in accordance with the old laws, as he put it.
27:31That is, he used force.
27:36Then he went in an entirely unexpected direction.
27:40In 1524, the peasants demanded freedom from their masters.
27:48In the peasants' revolt, they began plundering monasteries and castles.
27:53It was a revolutionary movement born of poverty and oppression by, amongst others, knights.
28:00Peasants gathered outside Götz's castle, too.
28:03And then an unbelievable thing happened.
28:09Götz, the knight, joined the peasants.
28:15They could use an experienced commander.
28:18Under threat of death, he agreed to become their captain.
28:32On the 30th of April, 1525, Götz rode into the Ordenwald
28:37to meet the Christian Brotherhood, as the peasants called themselves.
28:42He had to swear that he would lead them for a month.
28:49Götz said that he became the peasant leader
28:52to restrain their atrocities.
28:54Historians confirm that he did so.
28:59He brought discipline to the unruly mob.
29:04The peasants plundered the monastery of Amolbach.
29:08But Götz saw to it that no harm came to the monks.
29:14The peasants had promised that no one would be put to the sword,
29:18but fanatical groups went on killing sprees all the same.
29:22Götz couldn't stop them.
29:24It would cost him dearly later.
29:32Götz had no desire to be hanged for leading the peasant's army.
29:35He left it the very moment his month of service was up.
29:45His coffers were now full.
29:51He had acquired loot, too.
29:57He was to regret it.
30:02On the 15th of May, 1525,
30:06there was a great battle between the peasants and the princes
30:09at Frankenhausen in central Germany.
30:12The peasants were confident of victory.
30:14They believed God was on their side.
30:21They faced knights with cannon.
30:38The princes had hired the knights to crush the revolt
30:41by any means necessary.
30:50In the end, the knights slaughtered 100,000 peasants across Germany.
30:58Götz had not fought on the winning side.
31:02For his part in the peasants' revolt,
31:04he was sentenced to three years in prison,
31:07and again he was outlawed.
31:09But finding the Turks at the gates of Vienna
31:13the emperor needed him.
31:15Again, he was pardoned.
31:18For 80 years,
31:20Götz von Berlichingen was one of the last of his kind.
31:31Richer knights than Götz
31:32had long ago fortified their castles,
31:35reinforcing the towers and walls.
31:39The sieging such a fortress took a long, long time
31:43and was very costly.
31:45Wealthy towns also defended themselves
31:48by building bigger, stronger walls
31:50and putting cannon on the battlements.
31:53Their message was,
31:55we shall never surrender.
31:57One man played a big part
31:59in developing countermeasures.
32:05The emperor Maximilian
32:08Sir Steelheart.
32:11Die Artillerie ist die Waffengattung der Zukunft.
32:15Mit solchen Kanonen
32:16werden wir dem Krieg
32:18ein neues Gesicht geben.
32:23Wenn ihr erlaubt, Majestät.
32:24Das ist noch zu gefährlich.
32:26Der Kanonengießer muss erst selbst
32:28mit Dreischuss prüfen,
32:29ob der Guss gut ist.
32:30So ist das Gesetz.
32:37Alles bereit machen.
32:39Drei, zwei und eins, Feuer!
32:59Nun ja.
33:01Da haben wir noch viel Arbeit vor uns.
33:06The self-proclaimed last of the knights
33:09was always working on a revolutionary new cannon.
33:17Die Wandungen der Kanonen
33:19sind einfach noch zu dünn.
33:21Kein Wunder, dass sie dauernd reißen.
33:23Wir brauchen Kanonen für alle Zwecke
33:25und außerdem in allen Größen.
33:29Diese hier.
33:31Die kleinen Beweglichen sind gut.
33:33Besonders für die Feldschlacht.
33:36Und für die schwere Feldartillerie
33:38brauchen wir ab sofort einheitliche Kaliber,
33:40damit das Durcheinander aufhört.
33:41Die Ritter wird's freuen.
33:43Tja.
33:44Aber zuerst müssen wir sie
33:46aus ihren Burgen herausholen.
33:47Und die Bürger aus ihren Städten.
33:51Sie verschanzen sich alle
33:53hinter ihren dicken Mauern.
33:55Sie stellen sich nicht mehr auf dem Schlachtfeld.
33:58Wir brauchen bessere Kanonen,
33:59um sie aus ihren Burgen herauszuholen.
34:02Etwas mehr Wumms, das wäre gut.
34:07Siehst du?
34:13A heavy cannon
34:14from Maximilian's time.
34:16The barrel was reinforced
34:18with hoops of iron
34:19and had a caliber
34:20of 34 and a half centimeters.
34:23Each stone cannonball
34:25weighed 50 kilos.
34:27It was known as the
34:28Fäulemarkt,
34:29the Lazy Maid,
34:31because it only worked
34:32once a day.
34:33It got too hot.
34:38Maximilian
34:39was known to his contemporaries
34:40as the first
34:42cannonier of the Empire.
34:44Aber Majestät,
34:45ihr wisst doch,
34:45mein lieber von Armin,
34:46keine Angst.
34:48Ich habe die edle Dame
34:50entworfen und berechnet.
34:53Ich habe sie gegossen.
34:55Die schöne Kathi.
34:57Sie trägt mein Wappen.
35:12Und das ist der dritte Schuss.
35:15Und Feuer!
35:20Maximilian
35:21could now pound
35:21castles and towns
35:23into submission.
35:30Not one stone
35:31was left upon another.
35:42The emperor built up
35:43an artillery arsenal
35:44for his future wars.
35:48There was a type
35:49for every battle.
35:50Siege cannon
35:51and field gun
35:52stand out
35:53in the catalogue
35:54of his arsenal
35:55at Innsklo.
35:59While for battles
36:00of maneuver,
36:01there was mobile
36:02light artillery.
36:04To end the inconsistencies
36:06in artillery,
36:07he developed
36:08standard calibers
36:09for gun barrels
36:10and cannonballs.
36:11He laid siege
36:12to towns and castles
36:14with massive cannon
36:15drawn by 16 horses
36:17and with a caliber
36:18of 23 centimeters.
36:20Their cannonballs
36:22weighed 25 kilos.
36:24He gave his dreaded
36:26guns names
36:26such as
36:27Purr Through
36:29or Wake Up.
36:30In 1504
36:32he used
36:33the line
36:34to bombard
36:35the town
36:36of Kufstein
36:36into surrender.
36:39Maximilian
36:40also revolutionized
36:42battle tactics.
36:44We begin
36:45the
36:45schlacht
36:46of my
36:47command
36:47with the
36:49fire
36:49of the
36:50light
36:50field
36:51artillery.
36:51It will
36:52beher
36:52to the
36:52fire
36:53and the
36:54enemy
36:55and the
36:57first
36:57dead.
36:57Because
36:58the
36:59Götz
36:59every
36:59Ritter
37:00can
37:00the
37:00Ritter
37:01not
37:01leiden.
37:03As
37:04next
37:04is
37:04the
37:05Reitershock
37:06of the
37:06cavalry.
37:08In
37:09das
37:09Heer
37:09der
37:09mit
37:10langen
37:10Spießen
37:10bewaffneten
37:11Fußsoldaten
37:12werden
37:12unsere
37:13Panzerreiter
37:15schöne
37:16Schneisen
37:17pflügen.
37:19Damit
37:19meint
37:20ihr
37:20unsere
37:21Ritter
37:21Eure
37:22Majestät?
37:23Nicht
37:23nur die.
37:25Panzerreiter
37:25sollen in
37:26Zukunft
37:26alle
37:27sein,
37:27die
37:27reiten
37:27und
37:29die
37:29eine
37:29Lanze
37:30und
37:30ein
37:30Schwert
37:30führen
37:31können.
37:32Und
37:33schließlich
37:33setzen
37:34unsere
37:34Landsknechte
37:35nach.
37:40Maximilien's
37:41preference
37:41for
37:41inexpensive
37:42foot
37:42soldiers
37:43earned
37:44him
37:44another
37:44title
37:45Father
37:46of
37:46the
37:46Landsknechts.
37:52And
37:53so
37:54Maximilien
37:54laid
37:55the
37:55groundwork
37:55for
37:56modern
37:56warfare.
37:57The
37:57battle
37:58opened
37:58with
37:58a
37:58bombardment
37:59from
38:01all
38:01the
38:01available
38:02artillery.
38:03Fifty
38:04guns
38:04or
38:05more
38:05pounded
38:06the
38:06enemy
38:06line.
38:10Next
38:11Maximilien's
38:12armoured
38:12cavalry
38:13charged.
38:14Their
38:14task
38:14was to
38:15break up
38:15the
38:15enemy's
38:16ranks
38:16and
38:16spread
38:17chaos.
38:23If
38:24the
38:24enemy
38:24charged,
38:25he could
38:25expect
38:26to
38:26face
38:26a
38:26hedgehog
38:27of
38:27spears
38:28and
38:28halberds
38:28both
38:29metres
38:29long.
38:31the
38:32spear
38:32bearers
38:32unseated
38:33charging
38:34knights
38:34and
38:34killed
38:35them.
38:44From
38:44the
38:44early
38:4516th
38:45century
38:46on,
38:47the
38:47main
38:47battle
38:48was a
38:48massive
38:48clash
38:49between
38:49foot
38:50soldiers,
38:51pike
38:51against
38:52pike,
38:53man
38:53against
38:53man.
38:57In
38:58battles
38:58of
38:5810
38:59or
38:5920
38:59thousand
39:00men
39:00or
39:00even
39:01more,
39:01there
39:02was
39:02no
39:02longer
39:03any
39:03place
39:04for
39:04knights.
39:07Give
39:07a man
39:08a
39:08halberd
39:08and
39:09you
39:09have
39:09a
39:09halberder.
39:11Albrecht
39:12Dürer
39:12drew
39:13them
39:13in
39:13their
39:13dashing
39:14outfits.
39:15They
39:15were
39:15farmers,
39:16bakers,
39:17labourers.
39:18They
39:18could
39:18be
39:19anyone
39:19who
39:20wanted
39:20to earn
39:20a little
39:21extra
39:21or was
39:23forced
39:23to.
39:26Unlike
39:27costly
39:27knights,
39:28foot
39:28soldiers
39:29were
39:29cheap
39:30and
39:30plentiful.
39:31They
39:31were
39:31a
39:31valuable
39:32resource
39:32for
39:33commanders.
39:37Maximilian,
39:38the father
39:39of the
39:39Lanzknechts,
39:40was the
39:40first to
39:41opt for
39:41quantity
39:42over
39:43quality.
39:48Maximilian
39:49had
39:49the
39:50Lanzknechts
39:50had
39:51a
39:51enormous
39:51support.
39:53Maximilian
39:54was the
39:54best
39:54of the
39:55war.
39:59Maximilian
40:00as
40:00Kriegsherr
40:01the
40:01edle
40:02Abstamm
40:02of
40:03his
40:03camp
40:03of
40:03his
40:04potential.
40:06That was
40:07unabhängig
40:07from
40:08ritter
40:08and
40:08her.
40:11The main battle of the battle will be in the future.
40:17But what is with the Rittern?
40:19That's the wrong question.
40:21It comes now on a well-established together of all the parts of our army.
40:28For now you have to worry, my gentlemen.
40:32But Majestate, where is the battle of the ritter?
40:36Ritterlichkeit?
40:38That's something for tournaments.
40:40And for hofische Feste.
40:42And the table of the old Arthurs.
40:46The lands Knechtern bring the Rittern for a long time.
40:52These halberds are like the ones Maximilian Swiss allies used against knights.
41:04This is the Swiss Taschemesser of the Middle Ages.
41:08And this helle Bade has different functions.
41:11We have here a small and a big ring.
41:16And at the end it runs into a straight line.
41:19We have to take the back of the horse.
41:20I think there is only a long time.
41:21The way helle Bade was overall more itch.
41:24He was made with leather Riemen,
41:26so that the head of the horse was damaged.
41:31The sharf-kanty-sliffed balls and hacks were used to attack the Pferd to attack the Pferd so through the
41:47fall to bring the Reiter to the ground and then with balls and hacks on the Reiter.
42:14We arranged an experiment to see what injuries these weapons could inflict.
42:19We arranged an experiment to see what injuries these weapons could inflict.
42:26We didn't use the most sophisticated halberd but a more simple model.
42:30It has just a blade and a spike and could have been made by any village blacksmith.
42:41The experiment will show what a suit of armour could stand up to.
42:48Andreas Kruger had this replica halberd made from a museum original.
42:54The first blows don't penetrate the steel but they might knock someone over.
43:04But even a suit of armour has its weak points.
43:09If you find a vulnerable spot, you can slice off an arm.
43:13These new weapons were a nightmare for knights.
43:17Also, I can only say, how he feels, how he feels.
43:20He would have been very unwohl.
43:22Because he tried to get the Ritter from the Pferd.
43:25He used to use the Hellebade.
43:28He tried to use the Hellebade.
43:30He tried to reach the Spitze of the Hellebade.
43:32He tried to reach the Pferd or pull the Pferd.
43:36He tried to make the Ritter on the ground.
43:43There is a beautiful definition.
43:45There is a so-called Dolch, the Misericordia, the Barmherzigkeit.
43:50That's why he went into the sensitive places.
43:53Through the helmet or the armor.
43:55And he also destroyed it.
43:58The new form of warfare turned knights into dinosaurs.
44:04Their power wanes.
44:08Altes Recht, gutes Recht.
44:10Wenn ich das schon höre.
44:12Die Ritter hängen an ihren alten Vorrechten und sind zu nichts mehr gut.
44:16Sie sind ein Graus.
44:17Man muss ihnen das Handwerk legen.
44:20Sie gehören schon lange der Geschichte an.
44:23Ein Haufen Alteisen, sonst nichts.
44:26Neue Zeiten, neues Recht.
44:28Aber Eure Majestät.
44:30Die Ritter, sie haben die Kaiser und das Handwerk.
44:34Ja, ja, ich weiß, groß gemacht.
44:36Aber sie sind nichts als Raubritter.
44:38Sie maßen sich selbst herrlich an, was des Kaisers ist.
44:43Maximilian suppressed violence and anarchy.
44:50Er wollte seine Rechte.
44:51Er wollte sein Weg sicherer für die Merchants.
44:53Auf die Knie und Hände an den Baum.
44:56Ich mach dich mal.
44:57Er wollte eine Endung zu befinden.
45:03Er wollte die Krieg unterhalten.
45:03Und zu feilen.
45:04Die Verwaltungen der Regionen.
45:07Er wollte vieles in seinem Land.
45:10Er wollte seine Reich.
45:12Er wollte das Paarland in den Touristen.
45:13He rejected all their demands to keep the old ways.
45:19Sie sind jetzt Reichsritter. Und das ist doch ein schöner Titel, oder?
45:23Was wollen Sie noch?
45:25Und wer in dieser neuen Zeit nicht zum Offizier taugt,
45:29der kann uns noch in voller Rüstung als Türsteher eine Bella Figura machen.
45:34Schon gut, schon gut. Nur keine Wange.
45:36Wer nicht auf den Kopf gefallen ist, kann mir als Kanzleirat sehr nützlich sein.
46:01Die Wandlungsprozesse, die sozialen, die politischen Veränderungen haben den Rittern am Ende nur noch sehr wenig Raum gelassen,
46:07indem sie ihre Exklusivität behaupten konnten.
46:11Dennoch haben es einzelne Vertreter durchaus geschafft, sich andere Betätigungsfelder zu eröffnen.
46:18Zum Beispiel in der landesherrlichen Verwaltung oder als Anführer von Söldnerheeren im Dienst von Städten oder von Fürsten.
46:27Das bedeutet also, dass die Ritter keineswegs völlig an Einfluss eingebüßt haben.
46:36The less important lights, armor and weapons were in battle, the more splendid and sophisticated they became in tournaments.
46:44They were the medieval equivalent of a Ferrari.
46:50Shiny.
46:52And expensive.
46:57Only the wealthiest of nobles could afford these suits.
47:04They are tournament and ornamental armor from the 16th and 17th centuries.
47:12Nowhere in the world is chivalry more glamorous than in the armory of Dresden Castle.
47:44For over 500 years, knights in their castles,
47:48determined the fate of individuals and nations in Europe.
47:52Then, their time was up, at least on the battlefield.
47:57But even as recently as the 19th century,
48:00emperors and kings, and even some wealthy private citizens,
48:05built romantic knights' castles.
48:16The figure of the noble knight,
48:19probably a fiction even in its day,
48:22survives today as an object of nostalgia.
48:30The main purpose of the world is certainly the freedom.
48:35We are citizens,
48:36who pay our taxes and pay our taxes,
48:39and follow us and follow us.
48:42We are a rich man who does not do all this,
48:44but takes all the world and takes us to nothing,
48:47but follows us,
48:49what he wants.
48:50Das ist sicherlich die eine Seite. Aber die andere Seite ist die, dass der Ritter etwas vorlebt, was wir auch
48:59so bewundern, nämlich die Gewalt nicht nur im eigenen Namen ausführt, sondern für andere.
49:05Und das ist so das Bild der Ritterlichkeit, das wir vor Augen haben. Also das ist der große Held, der
49:12uns hilft, der das auch mit Gewalt tut, aber der es nicht für sich mit Gewalt tut, sondern eben für
49:21die soziale Gemeinschaft.
49:26But the knight and poet Wolfram von Eschenbach already demanded in the Middle Ages that a true hero should show
49:35chivalry, courtesy, tolerance and respect for women.
49:44And he said that there must be more to life than the striving for prizes, fame and honour.
49:52And he said that there must be more to life than the way to life.
50:23woman system
50:23man
50:23man
50:24man
50:25man
50:25man
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