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00:27To be continued...
00:47After five years of war, Churchill was with the Allied armies as they crossed the Rhine on into Nazi Germany.
00:55Forward on wings of flame to final victory was his message to the troops.
01:00I got word that Churchill was coming.
01:04And the reason he was coming was that we had captured part of the Siegfried Line, the so-called dragon
01:11teeth, the concrete emplacement.
01:13They looked like small pyramids.
01:15And it was on the frontier of Germany.
01:17And there was something not only strategic about it, but symbolic.
01:21Because once you penetrated that, you were penetrating Germany.
01:25And sure enough, there he comes with his cap and his cigar and trooping around and expecting all these tank
01:34traps.
01:34And it came time to have a pee.
01:39And I was standing right next to him.
01:42And I could see the glint in his eye and this puckish grin when he said, let's do it on
01:50the Siegfried Line.
01:51And that was absolutely marvelous.
01:54I mean, here was, you know, all of us lined up, all these generals and me and Churchill and everybody,
02:00all peeing on the Siegfried Line, on Hitler's Siegfried Line.
02:10Two months later, in May 1945, Britain was celebrating the first day of peace in Europe.
02:17We may allow ourselves a brief period of rejoicing.
02:23Today is Victory in Europe Day.
02:27Tomorrow will also be Victory in Europe Day.
02:43Strangely enough, in this great hour of victory, when they had been through so much together, my mother wasn't there
02:50to share in all the glorious joy and festivities of VE Day.
02:56Because she was in the heart of Russia for her Aid to Russia Fund.
03:00And so my father, in this great hour of victory, was actually rather alone.
03:11God, God bless you all.
03:18This is your victory.
03:24The victory of the cause of freedom.
03:30The victory Churchill had promised in the darkest days of 1940, was now a reality.
03:36For us in Britain, he later wrote, weary and worn, impoverished but undaunted and now triumphant, we had a moment
03:44that was sublime.
04:12Churchill had hoped that the wartime coalition,
04:15the coalition government would continue, at least until the defeat of Japan, but Labour demanded a general election.
04:21I don't think he wanted an election at all.
04:24He would have liked to continue on his pinnacle of a coalition government, the great national leader.
04:32And, you know, with nobody standing up to him and running things all his own way.
04:40And here he had to come down into the hurly-burly of party politics.
04:47And our theme is the revival of the greatness of Britain and of the British Empire.
04:53They tell us we mustn't use, we mustn't use the word empire.
04:58It's naughty.
05:04My father found it very difficult to come to terms with his role as a party leader, as opposed to
05:15being the leader of a great wartime coalition.
05:18And, in fact, he found the change quite disagreeable.
05:22I think he'd probably rather lost his touch.
05:25I ask you straight out to give me the chance I need to try to finish this business
05:31and bring the ship safe into port when I have steered her through a very rough and stormy void.
05:44To many voters, Churchill was the great war leader, but not the man to lead Britain in peacetime.
05:49His personal popularity was still enormous.
05:53Churchill was doing a tour of London, and he went to this meeting.
05:57And when he got there, he found the big meeting area was surrounded by posters.
06:04Labour posters.
06:05Saying they're Labour posters.
06:07And it said four words.
06:10It said, Chair Churchill, vote Labour.
06:14Now, that was the mood of the people, of the Labour people, throughout the land.
06:18And they did.
06:20They appreciated Churchill, were grateful to Churchill.
06:23But it was not the past they were thinking of.
06:26It was the future.
06:31They said, we want a Labour government, and we want Winston to be Prime Minister.
06:35That's what they said to me when I was canvassing.
06:38I said, well, you can't have that.
06:40You've got to choose.
06:41And they said, isn't it a free country?
06:44We can vote for what we like.
06:47Churchill campaigned on the theme that socialism was a form of communism.
06:52It would impose controls and deny the people the fruits of their victory.
06:56He even identified Labour with the Nazis.
06:58Socialism is, in its essence, an attack, not only upon British enterprise,
07:04but upon the right of an ordinary man or woman to breathe freely
07:09without having a harsh, clumsy, tyrannical hand clapped across their mouths and nostrils.
07:17No socialist system can be established without a political police.
07:23They would have to fall back on some form of Gestapo.
07:27Well, I mean, here he was accusing,
07:30if you get a Labour government back, you will get a Gestapo.
07:35Well, I mean, I claim utterly, been in his war cabin, running a Gestapo.
07:40The attempt to associate the Labour Party with the Nazis,
07:45and the Gestapo was a Nazi organisation, a bit of Hitlerism,
07:50was regarded as being utterly ridiculous.
07:52My mother read the speech before he made it,
07:55and said to him, you shouldn't use that phrase.
08:00It would cause enormous offence and do a lot of harm.
08:03And my father was obstinate and said no, he thought it was quite all right.
08:08We're going to win.
08:12I can feel it in my bones, we're going to win.
08:19There were more than a million servicemen abroad whose votes could prove decisive.
08:25They all thought that if they voted for Attlee and his government,
08:30that they were going to get demobilised much more quickly,
08:33and also, as there was a shortage of cigarettes,
08:37that the supply of cigarettes would be very much greater.
08:55The election results would be delayed for three weeks while the service vote was counted.
09:01Having cast his vote, Churchill flew to Potsdam for the final meeting of the Big Three.
09:07Truman was now the American president after Roosevelt's death.
09:11Churchill wanted the best settlement possible with Stalin on liberated Europe,
09:15but saw little room for any real negotiation.
09:18Churchill wouldn't read the briefs.
09:21We'd just sit up all night writing briefs for them,
09:23which they never, didn't even look at.
09:24They thought they knew it all.
09:26Then we'd get into the meeting place.
09:28Stalin was always very well briefed, and he would put a sharp question,
09:32and Churchill would turn around and say,
09:34What's the answer to that?
09:35And, of course, he was rather deaf by then,
09:37and we had a hiss at him, the answers which he couldn't hear,
09:42and the whole thing became a shamble as a result.
09:45Churchill knew that now the Red Army occupied Eastern Europe,
09:49Stalin held all the cards.
09:51It was quite clear that we were not the important player in that game.
09:59Alec Cadogan, who was then the head of the Foreign Office, was there,
10:02said, This isn't a three-power meeting,
10:04it's a two-and-a-half-power meeting.
10:06And half, even half, was a bit overestimating our weight at that time.
10:11Most of the negotiation was done directly between the Russians and the Americans.
10:16The Potsdam Conference set the seal on the new map of Eastern Europe,
10:20which was to remain under Communist rule for nearly 50 years.
10:24The world was now dominated by the two superpowers,
10:28the Soviet Union and the United States.
10:34Churchill left Potsdam to return to London for the results of the election,
10:38confident that he would remain Prime Minister.
10:42Well, let's face it, whoever imagined such a result,
10:44and slowly the moral of it all struck home,
10:47Labour landslide.
10:53Labour will now have a majority over all parties in a house of 640.
10:58They made the decision in the end to vote for the Labour Party,
11:01which meant, in effect, voting Churchill out.
11:04But there was no doubt at all, there was a sense of guilt about that.
11:08I met people the day after the election
11:10who were almost hanged up about it,
11:13saying, you know, what a way to treat a man
11:15who was... who was carried us to victory.
11:20Nobody had quite realised that by voting for the Labour Party,
11:23you were, in fact, going to chuck Churchill out.
11:26He couldn't realise
11:28that they had been quietly making up their minds
11:33that he was a great wartime leader,
11:36but he wasn't the man to win the peace.
11:40He sat down at his usual chair at the Cabinet table,
11:44and I sat at the chair directly opposite,
11:46and he started reminiscing to me
11:49about all these perilous and dangerous trips
11:51we'd taken together during the war
11:54and all the places we'd visited
11:55and the outcome of the war.
11:58And then he was getting very sad,
12:01concealed by his sad expression,
12:04and then he said,
12:05and now the British people don't want me anymore.
12:10And then tears were rolling down his cheeks,
12:14and I'm not ashamed to say
12:15they were rolling down mine as well.
12:19After what he described as the longest week of his life,
12:22Churchill went on holiday.
12:29Exhausted by six years of war,
12:31crushed by the election defeat,
12:33Churchill flew to Italy,
12:34to this villa on the shores of Lake Como.
12:37It was a time of recovery and peace.
12:40I am much better in myself,
12:42he wrote to his wife,
12:43and I'm not worrying about anything.
12:45Here it is all sunshine and calm,
12:47he wrote to one of his daughters.
12:49I paint all day and every day,
12:51and have banished care and disillusionment to the shades.
12:56This is the first time for many years
12:58that I have been completely out of this world.
13:04He spent many days at his favourite pastime,
13:07painting.
13:21Churchill wrote,
13:22Painting is a companion
13:24with whom one may hope to walk
13:26a great part of life's journey.
13:28Happy are the painters,
13:30for they shall not be lonely.
13:32It's interesting that his character
13:34comes through in his paintings,
13:36his love of bright colours.
13:38And he writes in his little book about his painting,
13:41When I get to heaven,
13:42I'm expecting even more gorgeous colours,
13:46and I shall demand a palette
13:48with still brighter colours
13:50that I can employ,
13:51and I shall spend my first million years,
13:53he said,
13:54getting to the heart of how to paint.
13:56In his fantasies,
13:59he wanted to make life more colourful,
14:02more exciting,
14:04more adventurous,
14:05and it fitted in with his romantic view of the world.
14:22Even on holiday,
14:24Churchill's thoughts were soon to return to world affairs.
14:27He was already preparing for his future mission,
14:30to warn the West
14:31of the ever-increasing Soviet threat to world peace.
14:39It was, of course,
14:40a very big day in the history...
14:41In March 1946,
14:43Churchill was invited by President Truman
14:45to speak at Westminster College
14:46in Fulton, Missouri.
14:48He used the opportunity
14:49to warn the Americans
14:51of the dangers of Soviet communism.
14:53From Stettin in the Baltic
14:56to Trieste in the Adriatic,
14:59an iron curtain has descended across the continent.
15:03Behind that line
15:04lie all the capitals
15:06of the ancient states
15:08of Central and Eastern Europe.
15:11Warsaw,
15:12Berlin,
15:13Prague,
15:14Vienna,
15:16Budapest,
15:17Belgrade,
15:18Bucharest,
15:19and Sofia.
15:21All these famous cities
15:22and the populations around them
15:25lie
15:25in what I must call
15:28the Soviet sphere.
15:30The new thinking was
15:31that the Soviets
15:32were taking a course of conduct
15:33that needed very close watching.
15:36And it was not dissimilar
15:38from some of the messages
15:39he had tried to give
15:40but had been
15:41listened to
15:43during the run-up
15:45to World War II.
15:46Whatever conclusions
15:47may be drawn
15:49from these facts,
15:50and facts they are,
15:52this is certainly
15:53not the liberated Europe
15:54we fought to build up.
15:56Nor is it one
15:57which contains
15:58the essentials
15:59of permanent peace.
16:05Churchill urged
16:07an alliance
16:07between Britain
16:08and the United States
16:09as the only way
16:10to contain
16:11Soviet expansion.
16:12His speech
16:13was seen by many
16:14as inflammatory.
16:15He was again
16:16the warmonger,
16:17this time launching
16:18the Cold War.
16:21Undeterred,
16:22Churchill preached
16:22the same message
16:23in the countries
16:24of Western Europe,
16:25where he was celebrated
16:26as the conqueror
16:27of Nazi tyranny
16:28and the saviour
16:29of Western civilisation.
16:30In this chateau
16:31on Lake Geneva,
16:32he prepared
16:33the Zurich speech,
16:34setting out his vision
16:36of a united Europe.
16:37I wish to speak
16:39to you today
16:41about the tragedy
16:44of Europe.
16:47Over wide areas,
16:49a vast quivering mass
16:52of tormented,
16:54hungry,
16:55careworn
16:56and bewildered
16:57human beings
16:58gape
16:59at the ruins
17:01of their cities
17:03and their homes
17:05and scan
17:06the dark horizons
17:08to the approach
17:09of some new
17:10peril,
17:12tyranny
17:12or terror.
17:14That is all
17:15that the Germanic
17:16races
17:17have got
17:19by tearing
17:20each other
17:21to pieces
17:21and spreading
17:23havoc
17:23far and wide.
17:27Suddenly,
17:29there is a great
17:30voice
17:31of Churchill,
17:33who is one,
17:34I mean,
17:35the great victor
17:36of the war,
17:37who says,
17:38you Europeans,
17:41don't desperate,
17:42unite,
17:43and you'll be
17:44strong again.
17:45That is the idea.
17:47And it gave hope.
17:48We must build
17:50a kind
17:51of United States
17:53of Europe.
17:58The first step
18:00in the recreation
18:01of the European family
18:03must be
18:05a partnership
18:06between France
18:07and Germany.
18:09There can be
18:10no revival
18:11of Europe
18:11without a
18:12spiritually great
18:13France
18:14and a
18:15spiritually great
18:16Germany.
18:17and therefore,
18:19I say to you,
18:20let Europe
18:21arise.
18:24Churchill repeated
18:25his call
18:26for a reconciled
18:27and united
18:27Europe
18:28here in Amsterdam
18:29and in every
18:30Western capital.
18:31And the new song,
18:32Europe Unite,
18:33was sung
18:34as he drove past
18:35on his way
18:35through the city.
18:36The new
18:37world
18:37and it's
18:38the kingdom
18:39and it's
18:40the kingdom
18:41and it's
18:42the kingdom
18:42the kingdom
18:42and it's
18:45the kingdom
18:49and it's
18:50the kingdom
18:50and it's
18:51the kingdom
18:51and it's
18:53the kingdom
18:54and it's
18:55the kingdom
18:55and it's
18:55We hope
18:56to see
18:56a Europe
18:57where men
18:59of every
18:59country
19:00will think
19:01as much
19:02of being
19:03a European
19:05as of belonging
19:06to their native
19:07land.
19:08He'd spoken
19:09so eloquently
19:09about it all
19:10that people
19:12had got
19:13the wrong
19:13impression.
19:14His concept
19:16was
19:18Britain
19:19based on
19:21its world
19:21position,
19:23close ties
19:23with America,
19:25centre of
19:26the great
19:26Commonwealth
19:27and playing
19:29a major role
19:30but not
19:31directly involved
19:33in Europe.
19:34I don't think
19:35that Churchill
19:38really saw
19:39Europe
19:40in the sense
19:41that we
19:42were an
19:43equal partner
19:44with the
19:44other European
19:45countries.
19:47He was
19:48after all
19:48the head
19:49of what had
19:49just been
19:49a victorious
19:52country
19:53faced with
19:54one country
19:55which had been
19:56defeated
19:56and the other
19:57one which had
19:57been occupied
19:58and then rescued
19:59and I think
20:00there was a
20:00rather patronising
20:01attitude
20:02shared by
20:03the British
20:03people
20:03towards the
20:04Europeans
20:05a very great
20:06desire they
20:07should never
20:07do this
20:08again,
20:08never fight
20:09one another
20:09again,
20:10they should
20:10get together
20:11and sink
20:11the historic
20:12differences
20:13and all that
20:14kind of thing
20:14but not
20:15that we
20:16should get
20:17too deeply
20:18into it.
20:19The world
20:20stage held
20:21much of
20:21Churchill's
20:22attention
20:22as leader
20:23of the
20:23opposition.
20:24At home
20:25he attacked
20:26Labour's
20:26nationalisation
20:27plans.
20:32Attlee's
20:33government
20:33was staggering
20:34from crisis
20:34to crisis.
20:36Churchill
20:36blamed
20:36socialism.
20:37There are
20:38home fires
20:39smoking
20:39from
20:40Windermere
20:40to Woking
20:41and we're
20:42not going
20:42to tighten
20:43our belts
20:43if we
20:44sink
20:45to
20:46socialism
20:47into
20:48moral
20:49and
20:50economic
20:51decline
20:51and
20:52collapse
20:53not only
20:54will our
20:54own
20:55sufferings
20:55be
20:56intense
20:56but we
20:58shall
20:58carry
20:58many
20:59other
20:59nations
21:00with us
21:00into
21:01chaos
21:02and
21:03communism.
21:04In the
21:04wings was
21:05Churchill
21:05waiting to
21:06do the
21:06maximum
21:07mischief
21:08to the
21:09national
21:09cause
21:10of
21:10economic
21:11recovery
21:11and he
21:13was able
21:14to say
21:16to the
21:16people
21:17which he
21:19did quite
21:19unscrupulously
21:20all
21:21these
21:21economic
21:21difficulties
21:22are due
21:23to the
21:23socialist
21:25government
21:25you know
21:26socialistic
21:28extravagance
21:31and they're
21:32unnecessary
21:33the hardships
21:33are unnecessary
21:35In opposition
21:36Churchill had
21:37found it
21:38difficult
21:38to change
21:39as he said
21:39from a
21:40life of
21:40intense
21:41activity
21:41and
21:42responsibility
21:43to one
21:44where there
21:44was nothing
21:44to be
21:45looked for
21:45but
21:46anti-climax
21:47he was
21:47a rather
21:48intermittent
21:48opposition
21:49leader
21:50he would
21:51make a
21:51great speech
21:52out in the
21:53house
21:53all about
21:54the world
21:55remember the
21:55Fulton speech
21:56for example
21:57which in a way
21:58made history
21:59and he'd make
22:00a great speech
22:01in the commons
22:01but the
22:02ordinary
22:03routine of
22:03opposition
22:05asking of
22:06questions
22:06and so on
22:07I think
22:07brought him
22:07to tears
22:08he left that
22:09he'd get a
22:09very strong
22:10team of
22:11very experienced
22:11people
22:12and he left
22:12it to them
22:13in fact
22:14in the
22:14house of
22:15commons
22:15he was not
22:16an effective
22:16leader
22:17of opposition
22:17opposition
22:18is a very
22:19difficult
22:20and not
22:20very rewarding
22:21activity
22:22he wouldn't
22:23take any
22:23initiative
22:24I remember
22:25him saying
22:25on one
22:26occasion
22:27in a speech
22:28in the
22:28commons
22:28I think
22:29what we
22:29want
22:30is two
22:31years
22:32of tranquility
22:34and peace
22:34what he
22:34really meant
22:35was two
22:35years
22:35doing
22:35absolutely
22:36nothing
22:36we shall
22:38surely
22:39find the
22:40way
22:41under
22:43a faithful
22:44and
22:45tolerant
22:46government
22:47to those
22:49broad
22:49uplands
22:50where
22:52plenty
22:53peace
22:54and justice
22:56reign
23:05during
23:06during his
23:06five years
23:07in opposition
23:07Churchill
23:08often escaped
23:09to Chartwell
23:09to write his
23:10war memoirs
23:11the first documented
23:12account of the
23:13second world war
23:14and the only account
23:15written by one
23:16of the big three
23:17he sought the
23:18advice of specialists
23:19and worked with a
23:20small team of
23:21researchers
23:22he had to write
23:23a piece about
23:24the blitz
23:25you know
23:25the German
23:27raid on
23:27London
23:29in 1940
23:31and
23:33he got
23:33an expert
23:34to produce
23:35a brief
23:36of about
23:36150 pages
23:39and he said
23:40to me
23:40we'll cut it
23:41down to
23:42two and a half
23:43pages
23:45and so
23:46I worked
23:46like stink
23:47you see
23:47I thought
23:48produced about
23:49two and a half
23:50pages
23:50I thought
23:50it was quite
23:51good
23:53and
23:55I sat
23:56beside him
23:58and he took
23:59out his red
24:00pen
24:00and he started
24:01to correct
24:03and all my
24:04sloppy sentences
24:05were tightened
24:06up
24:06and all my
24:08useless adjectives
24:09were obliterated
24:11and in the middle
24:12of it all
24:12he said to me
24:13very gently
24:15I hope you
24:16don't mind
24:16my doing this
24:19and I said
24:20thank you sir
24:21you're giving me
24:22a free lesson
24:23in writing
24:25plain English
24:27the sales of
24:29Churchill's book
24:29were enormous
24:30the six volumes
24:31earned him the
24:32Nobel Prize for
24:33literature
24:34writing a book
24:35is an adventure
24:37to begin with
24:38it is a toy
24:40and an amusement
24:42and then it
24:43becomes a mistress
24:45and then he
24:46becomes a master
24:48and then he
24:49becomes a tyrant
24:50and the last
24:52phase
24:53is that just
24:55as you are
24:55about to be
24:56reconciled
24:56to your
24:57servitude
24:59you'll kill
25:00the monster
25:01during that
25:02dinner
25:02he said
25:03to me
25:05five wasted
25:06years
25:08he said
25:09you and I
25:10we've just
25:10been playing
25:11with the shadows
25:11of the past
25:12writing history
25:14I could have
25:15done so much
25:15if I had
25:16been still in
25:17office
25:18at times like
25:19these
25:20Churchill suffered
25:21from periods
25:21of deep depression
25:22he called it
25:23his black dog
25:25I found myself
25:26sitting at
25:27mealtimes
25:28with Mr.
25:29Churchill
25:30and General
25:31Parnell
25:31who was his
25:32advisor
25:33on the
25:34military side
25:35of the war
25:35memoirs
25:36and General
25:37Parnell
25:37and I
25:38were having
25:38a lighthearted
25:39discussion
25:40on suicide
25:41if such a thing
25:41as possible
25:42and it seemed
25:43that Mr.
25:44Churchill
25:44was deep
25:45in his own
25:45thoughts
25:46and wasn't
25:47listening
25:47and suddenly
25:48he jerked
25:49up right in
25:50his chair
25:50and shouted
25:51stop it
25:52you mustn't
25:53talk like
25:53that
25:54he said
25:55it's not
25:55right
25:56once I
25:58I almost
26:00thought of
26:00throwing myself
26:01under a train
26:01well you can
26:02imagine
26:03I mean
26:03we silence
26:04after that
26:05there wasn't
26:06any conversation
26:06such a shock
26:09he said to
26:10his doctor
26:11that he didn't
26:12like staying
26:12in a hotel
26:13with balcony
26:14to the room
26:15in case he
26:16threw himself
26:16off
26:17that he
26:17couldn't
26:18stand near
26:19the rail
26:19of a ship
26:20that he
26:21couldn't
26:21stand near
26:22the edge
26:22of a railway
26:23platform
26:23because
26:24there was
26:25a constant
26:26preoccupation
26:27with death
26:28and with
26:28the fear
26:29that a mood
26:29might suddenly
26:30overcome him
26:31and that he
26:32would throw
26:32himself off
26:37one of his
26:38consolations
26:39was his love
26:39of animals
26:45there was a
26:46time when
26:46he was being
26:48told that he
26:48should entertain
26:49more backbenchers
26:50at home
26:51shortly after
26:52the war
26:53and one
26:54backbencher
26:55was put
26:56next to him
26:57and didn't
26:57quite understand
26:58that Winston
26:59wasn't really
27:00in the habit
27:00of talking
27:01a great deal
27:01until he got
27:03one or two
27:04warm courses
27:05of food
27:06into his tummy
27:08and on this
27:09case particularly
27:10taciturn
27:12when suddenly
27:13his first sign
27:15of life
27:15to this backbencher
27:16was a great
27:17lunge
27:18across the
27:19fellow
27:19and he said
27:20darling
27:22but of course
27:23it was the
27:23cat who had
27:24come into
27:25the room
27:25and Winston
27:27felt
27:27there's somebody
27:28I really love
27:29and why am I
27:30having to put up
27:31with the backbencher
27:33I once went to see
27:34him when he was
27:35working
27:36in his bed
27:39during the morning
27:41and there was
27:42Rufus
27:43either Rufus
27:44one or Rufus
27:45two
27:46lying across
27:47his ankles
27:49there was the
27:50ginger cat
27:51who had
27:51no other name
27:52for it
27:52on his lap
27:54and there was
27:55Toby the Budger
27:56regard
27:56sitting on his
27:57head
27:57and here
27:59he was
27:59dictating
28:00away
28:00on some
28:01immensely
28:01important
28:03political
28:03document
28:04with a
28:04secretary
28:05behind him
28:05and these
28:06three animals
28:07sort of
28:07hopping around
28:08him
28:08they're moving
28:13Churchill loved
28:15watching films
28:15in his own
28:16cinema
28:16at Chartwell
28:17his favourite
28:18actress
28:19was Vivian
28:19Lee
28:19he invited
28:21Laurence
28:22Olivier
28:22and Vivian
28:23Lee
28:23to lunch
28:25I remember
28:26going into
28:27the dining
28:27room
28:28and
28:30seeing
28:31Vivian
28:31Lee
28:32sitting
28:32beside
28:33Churchill
28:34at the
28:35table
28:35and he
28:36was just
28:37looking at
28:37her
28:38and he
28:39said to
28:39her
28:40quite
28:41naturally
28:43all I
28:43want
28:44is just
28:44to look
28:45at you
28:46and you
28:47realise
28:47that he
28:48was
28:51spellbound
28:51by her
28:52beauty
28:55in February
28:561950
28:57there was
28:57a general
28:57election
28:58the
28:59Conservatives
28:59lost
29:00Clementine
29:01had warned
29:01Churchill
29:02that as
29:02opposition
29:03leader
29:03he had
29:03not
29:04given
29:04of his
29:04best
29:05she wrote
29:06I have
29:07felt
29:07chilled
29:07and discouraged
29:08by the
29:09creeping
29:09knowledge
29:09that you
29:10do only
29:11just as
29:11much
29:11as will
29:12keep
29:12you
29:12in
29:12power
29:13but
29:13that
29:14much
29:14is
29:14not
29:14enough
29:15in
29:15these
29:15hard
29:16and
29:16anxious
29:16times
29:21within
29:2118 months
29:22there was
29:23another
29:23general
29:23election
29:24Churchill's
29:25renewed
29:25energy
29:26and the
29:26changing
29:27mood
29:27of the
29:27country
29:27pointed
29:28this
29:28time
29:28to a
29:29change
29:29of
29:29government
29:31they
29:31made
29:31a
29:32night
29:32of it
29:32sensing
29:33that
29:33a
29:33Conservative
29:33victory
29:34was
29:34underway
29:36my
29:37mother
29:37viewed
29:38another
29:39term
29:40for him
29:41as
29:41prime
29:41minister
29:42and for
29:42her
29:43as
29:43the
29:43wife
29:43of
29:43the
29:44prime
29:44minister
29:44with
29:45misgiving
29:47she
29:48felt
29:48that
29:49my
29:50father
29:50wasn't
29:51what
29:51he
29:52was
29:52the
29:53strain
29:53of
29:54the
29:54war
29:54had
29:55been
29:55tremendous
29:56and it
29:57took
29:57its
29:57toll
29:58she
29:59accepted
30:00what
30:01the
30:01ballot
30:01box
30:02said
30:02with
30:02I
30:03think
30:03a
30:03sinking
30:04heart
30:09I
30:10changed
30:11in the
30:12middle
30:12of
30:12October
30:13the
30:13end
30:13of
30:13October
30:151951
30:16from
30:16being
30:16private
30:17secretary
30:17to
30:17being
30:18private
30:18secretary
30:19to
30:19Churchill
30:19and of
30:20course
30:20for
30:20long
30:20after
30:21that
30:21people
30:21had
30:21come
30:22up
30:22to
30:22me
30:22and
30:22said
30:22tell
30:23me
30:23there
30:24must
30:24be
30:24a
30:24great
30:25you
30:25must
30:25find
30:26a
30:26difference
30:27between
30:27the
30:28two
30:28prime
30:28ministers
30:29and
30:29I
30:29used
30:30to
30:30I
30:30had
30:30party
30:31peace
30:31already
30:31I
30:32used
30:32to
30:32say
30:32oh
30:33yes
30:33tremendous
30:34difference
30:34you can
30:35hardly
30:36imagine
30:36it
30:36on the
30:37one
30:37hand
30:39decisive
30:39firm
30:41quick
30:41rapid
30:42he will
30:43say
30:44very good
30:44yes
30:45certainly
30:45or no
30:47and on the other hand
30:48someone saying
30:50oh I think
30:51I'll look at that a bit
30:52later
30:52or
30:53wait till the weekend
30:54and I'll give you an answer
30:56or bring it down to
30:57Chartwell
30:58now when I said
30:59Chartwell
30:59you see
31:00there would be a sort of
31:01double take
31:01and all of a sudden
31:03they'd realize
31:03it was
31:04Churchill
31:05who was the chap
31:06who was keen on
31:07putting things off
31:08and actually was a man
31:09who was so decisive
31:10and quick about it
31:12back in Downing Street
31:14he assembled a new staff
31:15but stuck to his old habits
31:17there'd be a call of
31:19would one of the secretaries
31:21please come to the bathroom
31:22you see
31:22and you'd go
31:23and you'd identify yourself
31:25outside by a cough
31:26and he'd say
31:27don't come in
31:27and you'd think to yourself
31:28no way
31:29I don't want to go in
31:31and you'd stand outside
31:32and you'd hear these
31:34wonderful bathroom noises
31:35you could sort of
31:36visage the sponge
31:37being squeezed
31:38over the head
31:40the sounds of water
31:41trickling down
31:42and occasionally he'd call out
31:43don't go away
31:44and you'd say
31:45no no
31:45I'm still here
31:48and the sounds of bathing
31:49would go on
31:50and sometimes
31:51you know
31:52one really wasn't needed
31:53he'd forgotten
31:53what he wanted to say
31:55and I was putting things
31:57on the table
31:58or something
31:59on his desk
31:59or something
32:00in the study
32:02which was just
32:03outside his bedroom
32:03at Chartwell
32:05and a voice yelled out
32:07miss
32:08I'm coming out
32:09in a state of nature
32:10you'd better watch it
32:11and I fled
32:13as fast as I could
32:16because
32:16well there were
32:17some things
32:18when really
32:20we were all of us
32:21quite young girls
32:23at that time
32:24there was no air
32:26of salaciousness
32:29and he would go
32:30into his bedroom
32:31which was next door
32:34and there was
32:35he would be wearing
32:36his siren suit
32:37for work
32:38he always wore that
32:39with the zip
32:40up the front
32:41and I was not allowed
32:44to
32:44I was allowed
32:46to help him
32:46get it off his shoulders
32:48and he would unzip it
32:50down to the waist
32:51and no further
32:51and I would help
32:53him get it off
32:54and then the rest
32:55he would do himself
32:58he was so sweet
33:00I remember one night
33:00he said to me
33:03you're very young
33:05are you 21
33:06and I wasn't
33:08and he said
33:09when you're 21
33:10I'll let you take
33:11the whole of my siren
33:13suit off
33:22in June 1953
33:23the new queen
33:25was crowned
33:31Churchill
33:32now Sir Winston
33:33had been persuaded
33:34by the queen
33:34to accept
33:35the knighthood
33:35of the garter
33:37he'd been offered
33:38it in 1945
33:39and he refused it
33:41with the words
33:42to the king
33:43I don't think
33:45that it's appropriate
33:45for me to accept
33:46the order
33:47of the garter
33:48from my sovereign
33:49when his people
33:50have just given me
33:51the order of the boot
33:54so he didn't accept
33:56it the first time
33:56he did the second time
33:57from the queen
33:59Churchill's main concern
34:01as prime minister
34:02was the military
34:03might of Russia
34:03his dream
34:05was to save mankind
34:06from a third world war
34:07his means
34:08a summit
34:09of the big three
34:10when Stalin died
34:12in 1953
34:13it was to his successor
34:14Malenkov
34:15that Churchill turned
34:17he really believed
34:19that he had a mission
34:21this I believe
34:22to be true
34:23he had a mission
34:24to be as successful
34:25in peace
34:26as in war
34:27he had this illusion
34:28about our power
34:29in the world
34:30our potential part
34:32in the world
34:32if we managed it properly
34:34and he thought
34:35that he could talk
34:36to the Russians
34:38as equals
34:39and somehow
34:40persuade them
34:40to behave properly
34:44Winston's idea
34:45of a summit
34:45really was
34:46a meeting
34:47all alone
34:48with Malenkov
34:49without officials
34:50and without agenda
34:52he used to say
34:53and this was thought
34:54a very dangerous thing
34:56by a lot of people
34:56I think they were
34:58very much afraid
34:58that he might
34:59give things away
35:00which mustn't
35:01be given away
35:03make concessions
35:05weaken the resolution
35:06of the West
35:08and upset
35:09our main ally
35:13Churchill went
35:13to see Eisenhower
35:14the new president
35:15of the United States
35:16they had fought
35:18together in the war
35:18Churchill believed
35:20they could work
35:20together now
35:21to end the Cold War
35:23by June 1953
35:25Churchill had exhausted
35:26himself again
35:28during a visit
35:29from the Italian
35:29Prime Minister
35:30he was taken ill
35:31at a banquet
35:32in Downing Street
35:32when I went up
35:34to my father
35:34I realised something
35:35was wrong
35:36he was dazed
35:37and he was rather
35:39incoherent
35:39and I'm afraid
35:40people who talked
35:41to him
35:41thought probably
35:43he'd had rather
35:44too much to drink
35:45in fact what had
35:46happened
35:47he'd sustained a stroke
35:49despite his stroke
35:50Churchill held
35:51a cabinet meeting
35:52next morning
35:52he was then
35:53driven to Chartwell
35:57the secret
35:58of
36:00the fact
36:01that he had
36:01had a major stroke
36:03was
36:04amazingly well kept
36:05and the reason
36:07really for it
36:07was that
36:08my father
36:09walked
36:10unaided
36:11from the door
36:12at number 10
36:13into his car
36:14by the time
36:16they got to Chartwell
36:17he had to be carried
36:18out of the car
36:19and then
36:21during the next
36:22few days
36:24his stroke
36:25got
36:25the effects
36:26of the stroke
36:27became
36:28much more marked
36:29and he became
36:30practically helpless
36:31he was partially
36:33paralysed
36:34he couldn't use
36:36his left side
36:38so his walking
36:40was
36:40very
36:41very
36:42in fact
36:42he could hardly walk
36:44his speech
36:46was slurred
36:47but his brain
36:49was clear
36:49he recovered
36:51much quicker
36:53than anybody thought
36:53on the
36:55he had his stroke
36:56on the Wednesday
36:56on the Friday
36:57Lord Morden
36:58said to me
36:58that he didn't
36:59think he'd live
37:00over the weekend
37:01but he started
37:03to make
37:03remarkable
37:04quick recovery
37:10newspaper
37:10newspaper owners
37:11were summoned
37:11to Chartwell
37:12and agreed
37:13to keep
37:13the truth
37:14from the public
37:16I assumed
37:17as everybody
37:17else did
37:18that he would
37:18now resign
37:20from office
37:21but then he said
37:22he would go on
37:23if he could
37:25recover sufficiently
37:26well
37:26to make
37:26a good speech
37:28to the Conservative
37:28Party conference
37:29at Margit
37:31in October
37:35above
37:35we were all
37:36in the most
37:37frightful sweat
37:38my mother
37:40longed for him
37:40to resign
37:42I mean
37:43to make this
37:43excuse
37:44it would have been
37:46comprehensible
37:46to all
37:47a few years ago
37:50nationalisation
37:52was among
37:53socialists
37:54I mean
37:54everyone was looking at him
37:55particularly those of us
37:56who were in government
37:57and to some extent
37:58in the know
37:59were looking at him
37:59rather more closely
38:00perhaps some of the dawn
38:02there
38:02you couldn't detect a thing
38:03he came through it
38:05triumphed
38:05he made a very
38:06very good speech
38:07if I stay on
38:09for the time being
38:11bearing the burden
38:12at my age
38:13it is not
38:15because
38:16of love
38:17for power
38:18or office
38:20I have had
38:21an ample
38:21share
38:22of both
38:23if I stay
38:24it is
38:25because
38:26I have a feeling
38:27that I may
38:29two things
38:30that have happened
38:31have an influence
38:32on what I care about
38:33above all else
38:34the building
38:35of a sure
38:36and lasting peace
38:44Churchill now
38:45redoubled
38:45his efforts
38:46to persuade
38:46Malenkov
38:47the Russian leader
38:48to agree
38:48to a summit
38:51curiously enough
38:52it failed
38:52because the Russians
38:53sent such rude answers
38:54to all his efforts
38:57not for the first time
38:59we were saved
39:00by Russian obtuseness
39:01they just
39:04brushed him off
39:05mind you
39:07they were probably
39:08just as aware
39:10as we were
39:11of Britain's
39:12weak position
39:14that we were
39:16bankrupt
39:16and all that
39:17and that they
39:18didn't think
39:18it was such a
39:19big do
39:20to have the British
39:21prime minister
39:22they were interested
39:24in the United States
39:27Churchill crossed
39:28the Atlantic again
39:29to press Eisenhower
39:30to hold aside
39:31but the Americans
39:32were no more interested
39:33than the Russians
39:34he now reluctantly
39:36accepted
39:37that Britain's role
39:38had diminished
39:38in a world
39:39dominated by
39:40the two superpowers
39:43General Eisenhower
39:45is at the
39:47head of your country
39:49at the time
39:50when your country
39:51has been called
39:52upon to become
39:54the head of the world
39:57on his 80th birthday
39:59Churchill was presented
40:00with a Graham Sutherland
40:01portrait
40:01by his former colleague
40:03and rival
40:03Clement Attlee
40:04on behalf of both
40:06House of Parliament
40:08Prime Minister
40:08I ask you to accept
40:10this portrait
40:18when it came to the
40:20actual unveiling
40:21of the portrait
40:22there was an audible
40:24gasp
40:25from the audience
40:26and clearly
40:29it was quite a shock
40:31to my grandparents
40:33and
40:34my grandfather
40:36when he got up
40:36to reply
40:37dealt with it
40:39in an absolutely
40:41brilliant manner
40:43the portrait
40:44is a remarkable
40:46example
40:47of modern art
41:09it was painted
41:11in sickly
41:12yellows and greens
41:13and there was a
41:14hint of a fly button
41:15undone
41:16and
41:19it was
41:20very sad
41:21in fact
41:22that
41:22such a splendid
41:23occasion
41:24should have been
41:26upset
41:27by
41:28this reaction
41:29the portrait
41:31was later destroyed
41:32by Lady Churchill
41:34My mother was
41:35perfectly dignified
41:36and simple
41:37she said
41:37I saw
41:39that
41:40it tormented
41:41your father
41:44and I promised
41:45him
41:46that he would
41:47never see
41:48the light
41:48of day
41:50There were now
41:51rumblings
41:51from both party
41:52and cabinet
41:53that it was time
41:54for Churchill
41:55to step down
41:55He was finding
41:57it more and more
41:57difficult
41:58to concentrate
41:59on the day-to-day
41:59business of government
42:00He certainly took
42:02less interest
42:03in detail
42:05and in
42:07matters that he didn't
42:08find particularly
42:09attractive
42:09than he had before
42:10and he left
42:11much more
42:14power
42:15to other people
42:16They provided him
42:17with all the
42:17equipment
42:18as it were
42:19which they thought
42:20for his style
42:21of government
42:21he would need
42:22and
42:23one of them
42:24was a great
42:25series of tags
42:26which they put
42:27on his desk
42:27which he'd used
42:28greatly in 1945
42:3040 to 45
42:31which said
42:32action
42:33this day
42:34and this was put
42:35on a number
42:36of minutes
42:37which were sent
42:37out
42:38and he never
42:39once used
42:39them
42:40in 1951
42:41to 55
42:42They lay there
42:43on the desk
42:43for a long time
42:44but they were
42:44never used
42:45He was
42:46losing his grip
42:47and not really
42:48caring
42:49I don't mean
42:49not caring
42:50in a nasty way
42:50and of course
42:51he cared
42:51deeply for his
42:52country
42:52and so on
42:53but
42:57he was just
42:58like an old
42:59man who'd
42:59had enough
43:00I thought
43:02But Churchill
43:03was in no
43:03hurry to go
43:04much to the
43:05frustration
43:05of Antony Eden
43:06wartime
43:07colleague
43:08and long
43:08serving
43:09foreign secretary
43:09who was
43:10the acknowledged
43:11crown prince
43:13Antony was
43:14getting extremely
43:15impatient
43:16He had been
43:17as he thought
43:17promised the
43:18prime ministership
43:19several times
43:20and each time
43:22Churchill had
43:23found some
43:23reason not to
43:24go
43:24One of the
43:25reasons being
43:26I have to
43:26go and talk
43:27to the new
43:27rulers of
43:28Russia
43:29He thought
43:30he was a
43:30better leader
43:31than his
43:31crown prince
43:32and didn't
43:33want to
43:33hand over
43:34What was it
43:35he once
43:37muttered
43:37I sometimes
43:38remind Antony
43:39that Mr.
43:40Gladstone
43:40formed his
43:41last administration
43:41at the age
43:42of 81
43:44And thus
43:46make easier
43:47the discussions
43:48of all the
43:50difficult matters
43:51and events
43:52which will
43:52arise
43:53from month
43:54to month
43:56in the next
43:57few years
43:59Eden came
44:00to hate
44:01Churchill
44:02and after
44:03the war
44:04he hated
44:05him
44:05all the more
44:06for blocking
44:06him
44:07I think
44:08there was
44:09a great
44:09ill feeling
44:10between the
44:10two
44:11of which
44:11probably
44:12Churchill
44:12was not
44:13so conscious
44:15or he
44:15put it
44:16at the
44:16back
44:16of his
44:17mind
44:18Churchill
44:19simply
44:19wanted
44:20to stay
44:20as long
44:20as possible
44:22because he
44:22thought
44:23that
44:25he'd be
44:25very lonely
44:26without the
44:26boxes coming
44:27in every day
44:28he was really
44:29afraid of
44:30giving up
44:31because of
44:32the terrible
44:32depressions
44:33which always
44:33overtook him
44:34when he did
44:35cease to be
44:37busy
44:37and in the
44:40full flood
44:41of activity
44:43I think
44:44Churchill
44:45found it
44:45impossible
44:47to give up
44:48so long as
44:49he was capable
44:50in his own
44:50opinion
44:51of carrying
44:51on
44:54I remember
44:55Anthony Eden
44:57the foreign
44:57secretary
44:58coming up
44:58in the
44:58lift
44:59and with
45:00very good
45:01cause
45:01probably
45:02he had
45:03been driven
45:04to the
45:05end of his
45:06tether
45:06by the
45:07interference
45:08from
45:08Downing Street
45:09in foreign
45:10affairs
45:10and he
45:12would be
45:12saying
45:12well
45:13this time
45:14I will
45:14resign
45:15this is
45:16resignation
45:16and we
45:18would all
45:19sit on
45:19tenterhooks
45:21in the
45:22office
45:22and
45:24the door
45:25would be
45:26shut
45:27and ten
45:28minutes
45:28later
45:28the foreign
45:29secretary
45:30emerged
45:30and he
45:31had not
45:31resigned
45:32they all
45:33wanted
45:33to push
45:34Winston
45:34out
45:35they all
45:35saw
45:35he had
45:36several
45:36strokes
45:36that he
45:37really
45:37ought
45:37to go
45:38but
45:39none
45:39of them
45:40had
45:40the guts
45:42to go
45:42and say
45:43to him
45:43he should
45:44get out
45:44the
45:45other
45:46thing
45:46it's
45:46difficult
45:47to
45:47understand
45:47is
45:48how
45:48the
45:49fact
45:50what a
45:50great
45:51man
45:51Churchill
45:52had
45:52been
45:53a few
45:54years
45:54before
45:55and how
45:56this
45:56made
45:56him
45:57almost
45:57like
45:57a
45:57god
45:58you
45:58didn't
45:58go
45:58and
45:59talk
45:59to
45:59gods
46:00in a
46:01rough
46:01way
46:02with
46:03the
46:03characteristic
46:04cigar
46:04clutched
46:05in his
46:05hand
46:05the
46:06evergreen
46:06man
46:06of
46:07eighty
46:07years
46:07and
46:08four
46:08months
46:08sets
46:09out
46:09to
46:09tender
46:09his
46:09resignation
46:10to
46:10the
46:10young
46:11queen
46:11in
46:12April
46:121955
46:13after
46:14nearly
46:14four
46:14years
46:15in
46:15office
46:15Churchill
46:16had
46:16finally
46:16decided
46:17to
46:17resign
46:18the
46:19night
46:19before
46:19he
46:20had
46:20been
46:20host
46:20to
46:21the
46:21queen
46:21and
46:21the
46:21duke
46:22of
46:22edinburgh
46:22at
46:22number
46:2210
46:23downing
46:23street
46:24the
46:25statesman
46:25who had
46:26served
46:26as a
46:26subaltern
46:27in the
46:27reign of
46:27the
46:27queen's
46:28great
46:28great
46:28grandmother
46:29and who
46:30had
46:30served
46:30in
46:30political
46:31office
46:31or
46:31parliament
46:32in
46:32the
46:32five
46:32reigns
46:33since
46:35one
46:35one
46:35dream
46:36remained
46:36unfulfilled
46:37to
46:37see
46:38the
46:38end
46:38of
46:38Soviet
46:39tyranny
46:39but
46:40Churchill
46:41had
46:41prophesied
46:42that
46:42communism
46:42would
46:43fail
46:43the
46:44soul
46:44of
46:44man
46:45frozen
46:46in
46:46a
46:46long
46:46night
46:47can
46:48be
46:48awakened
46:49by
46:49a
46:49spark
46:50coming
46:51from
46:51god
46:52knows
46:52where
46:54and
46:55in
46:55a
46:55moment
46:55the
46:55whole
46:56structure
46:57of
46:57lies
46:57and
46:58oppression
46:58is
46:59on
46:59trial
46:59for
47:00its
47:00life
47:01people
47:02in
47:02bondage
47:03need
47:03never
47:03despair
47:11over
47:11the
47:11next
47:12few
47:12years
47:12the
47:13south
47:13of
47:13France
47:13became
47:13a
47:14second
47:14home
47:14for
47:14Churchill
47:15he
47:16spent
47:16many
47:16weeks
47:16at
47:17a
47:17time
47:17staying
47:18at
47:18the
47:18Villa
47:18La
47:18Pausa
47:19not
47:19far
47:20from
47:20Monte
47:20Cado
47:20as
47:21the
47:22guest
47:22of
47:22his
47:22publisher
47:23and
47:23literary
47:23advisor
47:24Emery
47:24Reeves
47:25and
47:25his
47:25American
47:26wife
47:26Wendy
47:28Wendy
47:28had
47:29a
47:29wonderful
47:29sparkle
47:31she
47:32would
47:32devote
47:32herself
47:32100%
47:33to
47:34his
47:35needs
47:35she
47:35was
47:36charming
47:37conversationalist
47:38and
47:39she
47:39looked
47:39after
47:39him
47:40in
47:41a
47:41most
47:41delightful
47:42way
47:42her
47:43nickname
47:43at
47:43one
47:44time
47:44was
47:44the
47:44champagne
47:44kitten
47:45she
47:45was
47:45sort
47:45of
47:46enormously
47:48bubbly
47:48and
47:49charming
47:50and terribly
47:50fond of
47:51him
47:51and
47:51did
47:52everything
47:52to
47:52make
47:52him
47:52happy
47:58I
47:58could
47:58call
47:59him
47:59darling
47:59or monkey
48:00pie
48:00or
48:01you
48:01bad
48:02boy
48:02I
48:03could
48:03tease
48:03him
48:04you
48:04see
48:04because
48:05I
48:05didn't
48:05really
48:05very
48:06often
48:06call
48:06him
48:06Sir
48:07Winston
48:07when
48:07he
48:07was
48:08here
48:08I
48:08would
48:08say
48:08good
48:09morning
48:09darling
48:09how
48:10are
48:10you
48:10this
48:10morning
48:11or
48:11I
48:11would
48:12say
48:12are you
48:13hungry
48:14hey
48:14you
48:15know
48:15I
48:15could
48:16tease
48:16him
48:16I
48:16could
48:17push
48:18him
48:18I
48:18could
48:19pat
48:19him
48:19I
48:19could
48:20shake
48:20him
48:21he
48:21liked
48:22it
48:22you
48:22see
48:22no
48:23one
48:23ever
48:23did
48:23that
48:24he
48:24felt
48:24terribly
48:25loved
48:26here
48:29she
48:29mothered
48:30him
48:32I
48:32remember
48:32once
48:33he
48:33was
48:33upset
48:33about
48:34something
48:34or
48:34other
48:34doesn't
48:35matter
48:36what
48:36it
48:36was
48:36and
48:37she
48:37took
48:38his
48:38head
48:39in
48:39her
48:39arms
48:40and
48:40cradled
48:41him
48:41he
48:41adored
48:42it
48:42just
48:42being
48:43spoilt
48:43he
48:44was
48:44so
48:45happy
48:45here
48:45that
48:46as
48:46you
48:46know
48:46he
48:47came
48:47back
48:47and
48:47came
48:48back
48:48and
48:48came
48:48back
48:49and
48:49came
48:49back
48:49when
48:50he
48:50came
48:51the
48:51first
48:51time
48:52he
48:52was
48:53to
48:53stay
48:5310
48:53days
48:54he
48:54stayed
48:54three
48:55weeks
48:57and
48:57prolonged
48:57until
48:58finally
48:58he
48:58was
48:59staying
48:59the
48:59last
48:59three
48:59or
49:00four
49:00years
49:00he
49:00stayed
49:00more
49:01here
49:01than
49:01he
49:01stayed
49:02in
49:02England
49:03Tongues
49:04had
49:04begun
49:04to
49:04wag
49:04not
49:05only
49:05behind
49:06people's
49:06backs
49:07one
49:08day
49:08at
49:08luncheon
49:08one
49:09of the
49:09women
49:10guests
49:10seeing
49:10that
49:10Churchill
49:11appeared
49:11to have
49:11nodded
49:12off
49:13remarked
49:13what a
49:14pity
49:14that
49:14such
49:15a
49:15great
49:15man
49:16should
49:16end
49:17his
49:17days
49:17in
49:17the
49:17company
49:18of
49:18Wendy
49:18Reeves
49:20suddenly
49:21one
49:21eye
49:21opened
49:22Churchill
49:23said
49:27she
49:28is
49:28young
49:28she
49:29is
49:29beautiful
49:30and
49:31she
49:31is
49:31kind
49:33and
49:33then
49:33the
49:33eye
49:33closed
49:35inevitably
49:36such
49:36gossip
49:37took
49:37its
49:37toll
49:39Churchill's
49:39family
49:40had
49:40become
49:40unhappy
49:40with
49:41his
49:41long
49:41visits
49:42to
49:42the
49:42Reeses
49:43the
49:43family
49:44concluded
49:45that it
49:45would be
49:45a good
49:45thing
49:46for him
49:46to have
49:46a break
49:47from
49:47that
49:48particular
49:49background
49:50simply
49:51because
49:51he
49:51wasn't
49:51seeing
49:52so
49:52many
49:52of
49:52his
49:52old
49:52friends
49:53and
49:54themselves
49:54the
49:55occasion
49:55for that
49:56was
49:56when he
49:56went
49:56on
49:57a
49:57first
49:57cruise
49:57on
49:58the
49:58Christina
49:59on
49:59Arionassus's
50:00yacht
50:01where the
50:02Reeves
50:02were not
50:02included
50:03and as
50:03he'd first
50:04met
50:04Onassis
50:04in their
50:05house
50:05they were
50:06understandably
50:06rather hurt
50:09Onassis
50:09had cabled
50:10me
50:10saying
50:11who
50:11should
50:11be
50:12the
50:12guests
50:12on
50:12this
50:14cruise
50:14and there
50:15was a
50:15list
50:15of
50:15people
50:15which
50:16I
50:16had
50:16to
50:17reply
50:17saying
50:17this
50:17is
50:17absolutely
50:19okay
50:19but
50:21Lady
50:21Churchill
50:22suggests
50:22Wendy
50:23and
50:23Emery
50:23Reeves
50:24should
50:24not
50:24be
50:24included
50:25as a
50:26role
50:26I
50:26not
50:27to be
50:27a
50:27role
50:27I
50:27had
50:28to
50:28play
50:28of
50:28the
50:29surgeon
50:29in a
50:29sense
50:41as
50:42Churchill
50:42grew
50:42older
50:43his
50:43links
50:43with
50:43the
50:44past
50:44brought
50:44him
50:44happy
50:45and
50:45nostalgic
50:45moments
50:46he would
50:47go to
50:47harrow
50:48his old
50:48school
50:48for
50:48songs
50:52he was
50:53he was
50:53still honored
50:54as a
50:54world
50:54statesman
50:55he was
50:55still a
50:56member
50:56of
50:56parliament
50:57returned
50:57by his
50:58faithful
50:58constituents
50:59in
50:59Epping
51:00frail
51:01though he
51:01was
51:01he would
51:02go
51:02regularly
51:03to the
51:03commons
51:03listening
51:04to
51:04debates
51:05but rarely
51:06speaking
51:07in
51:081964
51:09aged
51:1089
51:10Churchill
51:11finally
51:11retired
51:12he had
51:13been a
51:13member
51:13of
51:13parliament
51:14for more
51:14than
51:1460
51:15years
51:17I'd
51:17found
51:17him
51:18very
51:19unhappy
51:20and
51:20melancholy
51:21and
51:21sitting
51:21after
51:21dinner
51:22brooding
51:23and I
51:24asked
51:24him
51:24why
51:25he
51:25was
51:25so
51:25melancholy
51:26this
51:26was
51:26after
51:27his
51:27retirement
51:28and
51:29pointed
51:29to
51:30his
51:30extraordinary
51:30achievements
51:32both
51:33in
51:33politics
51:34in
51:35the
51:35armed
51:36forces
51:36having
51:37won
51:37the
51:38war
51:38if
51:39you
51:39can
51:39put
51:39it
51:39down
51:39to
51:39a
51:40single
51:40man
51:40it
51:40was
51:40he
51:41of
51:41course
51:41you
51:41can't
51:42and
51:43things
51:43like
51:43the
51:44nobel
51:44prize
51:44for
51:45literature
51:46large
51:46family
51:47all
51:47loved
51:47him
51:47and
51:48with
51:48all
51:48that
51:49he
51:49was
51:49popular
51:50I
51:51said
51:51he
51:51had
51:51a
51:51life
51:52that
51:52was
51:52given
51:52to
51:52very
51:53few
51:53people
51:53why
51:53was
51:54he
51:54so
51:54gloomy
51:56and
51:56he
51:56said
51:57this
51:57yes
51:58you're
51:58right
51:59I
52:00have
52:00worked
52:00very
52:01hard
52:02all
52:02my
52:02life
52:04and
52:04I
52:04have
52:05achieved
52:05a
52:05great
52:05deal
52:06in
52:06the
52:07end
52:07to
52:07achieve
52:08nothing
52:09and
52:10what
52:10he
52:10meant
52:10was
52:11that
52:11his
52:11ideals
52:12if
52:12they
52:12could
52:14was
52:14a
52:14strong
52:14and
52:15united
52:16British
52:17empire
52:17and
52:17commonwealth
52:18in a
52:19totally
52:19peaceful
52:20world
52:21of
52:22Churchill's
52:23last year
52:23his daughter
52:24Mary wrote
52:25the pace
52:26of his
52:26life
52:27was like
52:27a broad
52:27weary
52:28river
52:28gently
52:29meandering
52:30on
52:31sometimes
52:32he withdrew
52:32a great
52:33distance
52:33from us
52:34and who
52:34knows
52:35what
52:35thoughts
52:35or
52:36images
52:36moved
52:37across
52:37the
52:37screen
52:38of
52:38his
52:38consciousness
52:38from
52:39the
52:39long
52:40saga
52:40of
52:41his
52:41life
52:42because
52:43he
52:43said
52:44he
52:44didn't
52:44like
52:44old
52:45age
52:46old
52:47age
52:47is
52:47intolerable
52:50yes
52:50I think
52:51he was
52:51very sad
52:56fortunately
52:57his eyesight
52:57was very
52:58good
52:58and he
52:59was able
52:59to read
53:00he read
53:00hornblower
53:01and that
53:01sort of
53:02thing
53:02which he
53:03enjoyed
53:03enormously
53:07I
53:07went
53:07to lunch
53:08with him
53:09and we
53:09lunched
53:09alone
53:10and we
53:10lunched
53:10in the
53:10garden
53:11and he
53:12was in
53:12a sort
53:13of
53:13reminiscing
53:13mood
53:14about
53:15things
53:15and
53:16happenings
53:17and
53:18and
53:21he
53:22said to
53:22me
53:24I have
53:25done
53:25my
53:25bit
53:27I
53:27should
53:27be
53:28allowed
53:28to
53:28depart
53:29in
53:29peace
53:32and
53:33it
53:33was
53:33terrible
53:33because
53:33you
53:34realized
53:34that
53:35you
53:35know
53:36there
53:37was
53:37nothing
53:38anymore
53:38that
53:39he
53:40could
53:40do
53:40therefore
53:41he
53:41he
53:42didn't
53:42want
53:42to
53:42go
53:43on
53:44the
53:45end
53:45the
53:46end
53:46was
53:47not
53:47the
53:47greatest
53:48time
53:48for
53:48him
53:54in
53:55January
53:551965
53:56Churchill
53:57suffered
53:57a
53:57massive
53:58stroke
53:58and
53:59went
53:59into
53:59a
53:59coma
53:59the
54:01crowds
54:01gathered
54:01for
54:02news
54:02outside
54:03his
54:03home
54:03in
54:04Hyde Park
54:04Gate
54:04in
54:05London
54:05I
54:06chiefly
54:07remember
54:10the
54:11great
54:11sort
54:12of
54:12stillness
54:13in
54:13our
54:14house
54:14and
54:15the
54:16throng
54:16of
54:16people
54:17outside
54:18totally
54:19quiet
54:20crowd
54:21but
54:22a
54:22very
54:23sad
54:23one
54:24and
54:25also
54:26the
54:26feeling
54:27as the
54:27days
54:28went
54:28by
54:28that
54:29in
54:31a way
54:31the
54:31whole
54:31world
54:32seemed
54:32to
54:33be
54:34with
54:34us
54:35and
54:39inside
54:39the
54:40house
54:40it
54:40was
54:40very
54:40peaceful
54:41my
54:41father
54:42just
54:42rarely
54:43faded
54:43away
54:44over
54:44a
54:44series
54:45of
54:45days
54:45he
54:47became
54:47deeply
54:48unconscious
54:49and
54:50yet
54:50I
54:50know
54:50that
54:52until
54:52a very
54:53short
54:53time
54:54before
54:54his
54:54death
54:54the
54:55nurses
54:56always
54:56used
54:56to
54:56tell
54:57me
54:57that
54:57they
54:58knew
54:58that
54:59he
54:59knew
55:00when
55:00my
55:00mother
55:00was
55:01sitting
55:01by
55:01his
55:01side
55:02and
55:03she
55:03used
55:04to
55:04sit
55:04there
55:04for
55:04hours
55:05by
55:05his
55:05bed
55:06holding
55:06his
55:06hand
55:07it was
55:07a very
55:08peaceful
55:08scene
55:08really
55:09he
55:09had a
55:11dear
55:11orange
55:11kitten
55:12which
55:13was
55:13fairly
55:13new
55:14acquisition
55:14and
55:15that
55:15used
55:15to
55:15lie
55:15curled
55:16up
55:16on
55:16his
55:16bed
55:16and
55:17we
55:17used
55:18to
55:18come
55:18in
55:18and
55:18out
55:19and
55:19the
55:20grandchildren
55:20came
55:20up
55:21to
55:22say
55:22their
55:22goodbyes
55:23my
55:23children
55:24were
55:24rather
55:24small
55:25but
55:25I
55:27I'm
55:27glad
55:27they
55:28saw
55:28him
55:30looking
55:30so
55:30peaceful
55:31and one
55:31of them
55:32said
55:32to
55:32me
55:32I
55:32don't
55:32think
55:33I
55:33shall
55:33ever
55:33be
55:33frightened
55:34of
55:34death
55:36and
55:37then
55:38he
55:38died
55:38about
55:39eight
55:39o'clock
55:40on
55:41Sunday
55:4124th
55:42of
55:44January
55:451965
55:455
55:475
55:475
55:56THE END
56:26THE END
56:49THE END
57:00Approaching the west door, I saw an enormous marble plaque on the floor.
57:09And on it, the legend, remember Winston Churchill.
57:14I thought to myself, how could anyone forget him?
57:18The man who not only saved Britain, but really saved the whole world from Nazi domination.
57:25THE END
57:31THE END
57:32THE END
58:00THE END
58:02The lines of Longfellow, which President Roosevelt had written out for me in his own hand.
58:09I have some other lines, which are well known, but which seem apt and appropriate to our fortunes tonight.
58:18And I believe they will be so judged wherever the English language is spoken.
58:24Or the flag of freedom flies.
58:29For while the tired waves, vainly breaking, seem here no painful inch to gain.
58:37Far back, through creeks and inlets making, comes silent, flooding in the main.
58:45And not by eastern windows only, when daylight comes, comes in the light.
58:52In front, the sun climbs slow, how slowly, but westward, look, the land is bright.
59:04THE END
59:09World War II, prisoners trapped, brilliant plans to escape.
59:13The Wooden Horse, is next.
59:39The Wooden Horse, is next.
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