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Six Degrees with Mike Rowe - Se1 - Ep02 HD Watch [Full Movie] [Latest Version]Full EP - Full
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00:063, 2, 1.
00:10We live in amazing times.
00:12That's what I'm talking about!
00:14Uncertain times.
00:15Times that make us scratch our heads and wonder,
00:18what in the hell is that?
00:21Join me on a search for answers.
00:24Answers that require puppets, tuba players,
00:27unexpected discoveries, and a little help
00:30from my old buddy Chuck.
00:33Together, we're going to prove that every single thing
00:37in our crazy and unpredictable world is connected.
00:41Genius.
00:42I'm Mike Rowe.
00:43It's alive!
00:44And this is 6 Degrees.
00:55Welcome to another 15-hour day of organized chaos
00:57here on the set of 6 Degrees.
00:59This promises to be a most interesting endeavor today.
01:05How you doing, Chuck?
01:06Is the tuba necessary?
01:08The tuba is critical to what's about to happen.
01:10Big night for Chuck last night.
01:11He was full-on convention mode, Chuck,
01:14and he's paying the price today.
01:16Are you going to make it?
01:16Uh, eventually, yeah.
01:18You will be assuming the identity
01:19of at least six characters,
01:21so we're going to need your A-game.
01:23Okay.
01:24This might help, though, with the hangover.
01:27What is it?
01:28This is an ancient mousetrap,
01:32and it's guaranteed to cure what ails you.
01:34You trust me?
01:36Not really.
01:37Well, you should,
01:38because this is how a mousetrap
01:40can cure your hangover.
01:43Good luck.
01:45Oh.
01:47As always, we'll be taking the scenic route
01:49through history,
01:50traversing switchbacks over peaks and canyons,
01:54and meeting a few overlooked historical figures
01:56along the way.
01:57Figures that will help us prove unequivocally
02:00how a mousetrap can cure your hangover.
02:04Our story starts here,
02:05somewhere in the middle of Maine, 1854-ish,
02:08with this kid, Hiram Maxim.
02:12He's 14 years old, and he works as an apprentice
02:14in this carriage manufacturing facility.
02:17But at the moment, Hiram is not concerned
02:20with the manufacturing of carriages.
02:22He is vexed by a far more troubling problem,
02:26the presence of mice.
02:28Mice are everywhere.
02:30They scamper, they run, they chew at his boots,
02:34making him absolutely crazy.
02:36Hiram's had enough, so he's spending his lunch hour today
02:39on a mission.
02:40A mission to mass murder all the mice in Maine.
02:43In other words, the kid's trying to build a better mousetrap.
02:48This curious kid often went hunting,
02:51bringing with him his trusty gun,
02:54and the immutable laws, the physics.
02:57When the gun fires, an explosion in the shell
03:00propels the bullet forward with a significant amount of force.
03:03But the force of the bullet moving forward
03:06is equal to the force of the gun moving backwards.
03:10This lesson has been learned by anyone
03:13who has ever fired a weapon.
03:17A painful lesson made possible by the one and only
03:20Sir Isaac Newton.
03:22I refer, of course, to Newton's laws of motion,
03:25specifically the third law that says
03:27every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
03:30That's the lesson that young Hiram learned
03:32when his gun knocked him on his butt.
03:35Now he's applying that lesson to the task at hand,
03:37designing a better mousetrap.
03:40Here's the essential problem.
03:42The state-of-the-art mousetraps of the day
03:44worked pretty much like this one.
03:46It set it and put some bait on a hook
03:48and the mouse would come in and take the bait
03:50and it would close, thereby trapping a single mouse
03:53inside this cage.
03:55Basically, you were one and done.
03:56That's not what Hiram wants.
03:58He wants to murder as many mice as he possibly can.
04:01And he's going to do it with a little help
04:04from Newton's Third Law.
04:07Just like a bullet, Hiram's mousetrap creates a recoil.
04:11The mouse, lured in by the cheese, falls onto the floor,
04:16which triggers a reaction, a recoil that closes the door,
04:20resetting the trap for its next victim.
04:23In other words, a repeating mousetrap.
04:26Does he pull it off?
04:27Yeah.
04:28Does he catch a lot of mice?
04:30Yep.
04:30Does he patent it?
04:32Does he make a fortune by mass producing it?
04:34No.
04:35Hiram Maxim leaves a lot on the table
04:38in the early part of his career.
04:40Literally.
04:41If you look at some of what he invented over the years,
04:45it's kind of mind-blowing.
04:46This is a lamp for a locomotive.
04:50This is an early curling iron.
04:52This is, purportedly, a better cup of coffee.
04:56Mmm.
04:57Horrible miss on that one.
04:59This is a pipe of peace.
05:02It's basically an inhaler to help with the bronchitis
05:05that he suffered from.
05:06This is a gas engine, one of the first of its kind.
05:10He also invented the automatic sprinkling system.
05:13This is pure genius.
05:15This technology is in buildings all around the world today.
05:19It puts the water only where the fire is.
05:23Right?
05:24He patents it.
05:25Does he make any money?
05:26No.
05:26He lets the patent expire and then other people come in
05:28and make a fortune.
05:30Here's another heartbreaker, the light bulb.
05:32According to Maxim, it was he who invented this,
05:35not Edison.
05:36He got ripped off in a patent case that went to court
05:39and, long story short, he was shafted.
05:42The story of the shafting starts with a bottle of milk.
05:45At least William Sawyer said it was milk.
05:48But William Sawyer may have been filling his milk bottles
05:51with something else.
05:52According to his employer, William Sawyer was, quote,
05:55an expert electrician, but also a great drunkard.
05:59I made up my mind that we had better get rid of him.
06:02Well, William Sawyer's employer was Hiram Maxim.
06:06Maxim fired Sawyer, but not before he made off with something valuable,
06:10the design for an electric lamp, which Sawyer patented in 1878.
06:15Enter Thomas Edison.
06:18If Edison was good at inventing, he was great at patent law,
06:21and Edison argued that Sawyer's patent wasn't novel enough to be valid
06:25and also was fraudulently and illegally procured.
06:28After a protracted legal battle, Edison gets the patent revoked.
06:33And Edison knows when that happens, the rights won't revert back to Hiram Maxim
06:38or to Maxim's company.
06:39Instead, they default to another patent application Edison had filed.
06:44So, Edison becomes the accepted inventor of the lightbulb,
06:48leaving Hiram Maxim S-O-L.
06:50So, have a lights.
06:52But he never gives up.
06:54He never stops tinkering.
06:55He never stops drawing.
06:56A few years later, he's back at it again.
06:59This is a helicopter.
07:00The first design, except for maybe Da Vinci,
07:04but he's ready to bring it to market.
07:07He's got it done.
07:08He just doesn't put the ball through the hoop.
07:10He's full of good ideas, but he's not really executing.
07:13And it really is enough to make you wonder if Hiram Maxim
07:16is ever going to do anything to make a killing.
07:20I'll give you a hint.
07:22He does.
07:271881.
07:28It was an incredible time for inventors.
07:31The phonograph, jeans, the cash register, the lightbulb, and more
07:36had all just been released.
07:38All of these would have significant impacts on society,
07:41but none inspired Hiram quite as much as the tidbit he received
07:46while walking around.
07:47If you want to make your fortune, then something to help these Europeans
07:50kill each other more quickly.
07:52In other words, screw your passion project.
07:55The real money is in weapons of death.
08:04September 27th, 1918.
08:07New Sargonne, France.
08:10Behind me, 1.3 million Americans are slowly advancing through the forest.
08:15Doughboys, we called them back then.
08:18The good news is there are only a couple hundred thousand Germans over the hill.
08:22The Americans have the advantage.
08:23But for the fact that the Germans have in their possession
08:27a weapon unlike anything these kids have ever seen.
08:31A weapon they're not going to like.
08:44Introducing the Maxim machine gun.
08:48A weapon unlike any other.
08:54Hiram Maxim didn't create the machine gun.
08:56He created the first fully automatic machine gun.
09:07Like his old mousetrap that could catch multiple mice.
09:10Every time this thing fires off a round,
09:13a new one is automatically chambered.
09:15The result?
09:16A complete and total game changer.
09:19An internal component called the breach block
09:21is pushed back by the gun's recoil.
09:24And the recoil ejects the spent cartridge
09:26making way for the next bullet.
09:28Much like Maxim's mousetrap made way for the next mouse.
09:31But on balance, Maxim's gun was slightly more deadly than his mousetrap.
09:37It could fire 600 rounds per minute.
09:41There's the man himself.
09:42Hiram Maxim.
09:44Crouched behind what the New York Times would call
09:46peace-producing and peace-retaining terrors.
09:50The idea was that such a powerful weapon
09:53would push nations to avoid conflict.
09:56Yeah.
09:57Didn't really work out that way.
10:18See what I mean?
10:20Not good.
10:22Hiram Maxim's little invention just wiped out most of this squad
10:26in less than three seconds.
10:27This poor guy doesn't know what to make of the situation.
10:31One minute, he's walking through the woods.
10:32The next minute, all his buddies are dead.
10:34He doesn't know where the shooting is coming from.
10:35He's in his obvious state of shell shock.
10:38Has no idea what he's going to do with that bayonet on the end of his weapon.
10:42Meanwhile, the carnage is unspeakable.
10:45This is a .30 caliber weapon we're talking about.
10:48Firing 250 rounds every 30 seconds.
10:51This guy's been hit half a dozen times.
10:54Of course, in 1918, there wouldn't have been much left of him.
10:58We don't have that kind of budget in the recreation department.
11:02During the reenactments, we use blanks because, well, you know.
11:06But out here, on the gun range, the Maxim gun is real.
11:09The ammo is live.
11:10And the watermelons and water coolers are doomed.
11:27You just dumped 200 rounds.
11:31The situation is grim.
11:33The carnage is unspeakable.
11:35And the question is obvious.
11:37How are the Americans going to fight back against a weapon like that?
11:47I know what you're thinking.
11:49You're thinking, Mike, what is a tuba player doing in this episode?
11:53Well, several things.
11:54First of all, taps sounds great on a tuba.
11:57You have to admit.
11:58Secondly, there's been a lot of death.
12:02...of the Maxim gun.
12:04A new kind of tuba would come on the scene.
12:07A tuba that would change the course of the war.
12:14Jimதur
12:29...of all that gunfire.
12:32With casualties mounting, the solution would need to be a feat of human engineering.
12:37And so we got the war tuba. In no time, these cumbersome amplifiers caught on.
12:42British, Japanese, and American forces used war tubas to track the source of enemy gunfire in aircraft.
12:50This process is called sound ranging, and it wasn't perfect.
12:54Searching for sound through the air was easily affected by the elements.
12:58Dust, rain, wind, war, hails of bullets.
13:01But when Americans pointed the war tubas down to the ground, they realized they might be able to measure the
13:09reflections of sound bouncing off layers of rock underneath the battleground to where the Germans' guns were located.
13:17The American responsible for this was J. Clarence Karcher.
13:22When Karcher gets back to the States, the war tubas are still on his mind.
13:27If he can locate artillery by tracing the sound to its origin, what else might he be able to locate
13:32by listening to sound waves?
13:35That was, as they say, the million-dollar question.
13:40During the war, Karcher was listening for the sound of gunfire as it reflected off various objects underground.
13:46But what if Karcher already knew where that sound was coming from?
13:52If he knew that, could he then determine the location of the objects in the ground that were reflecting the
13:58sound waves back to him?
14:00If so, could he then determine an object's mass based on the speed that the sound waves traveled?
14:07Karcher thought the answer to those questions were yes and yes, thanks to a revolutionary instrument that he designed,
14:15an instrument that could read seismic reflection, an instrument that he would famously call...
14:21The Karchograph.
14:23No.
14:24The Karchometer.
14:25No.
14:25The Karchinator.
14:26No.
14:28I guess I'll call it the Reflection Seismograph.
14:31We have a winner.
14:33Now, let's see if it works.
14:39Karcher's Reflection Seismograph can locate just about anything underground.
14:45The question is, what's he looking for today?
14:47Jimmy Hoffa?
14:49Not yet missing.
14:50The lost city of Atlantis?
14:52No such place.
14:54No, Karcher's looking for buried treasure.
14:56Specifically, black gold, Texas tea, or, if you prefer, Oklahoma oval tea.
15:05Because Oklahoma is where he began his famous search for oil.
15:11Karcher's technology proved to be an effective, non-invasive way to discover oil deposits underground.
15:17If you consider dynamite to be non-invasive, Karcher will need to create a massive sound wave.
15:27A sound wave powerful enough to travel into the Earth's crust to find the oil buried below.
15:35A sound wave equivalent to a million copies of War and Peace hitting the ground, all at the same time.
15:45In three, two, one.
15:58Suffice it to say, the oil boom in Oklahoma started with a bang.
16:03Karcher did it.
16:05He actually found oil.
16:08And he'll go on to commercialize his ingenious method of oil exploration.
16:14Soon, seismic reflection will be used to discover the majority of the world's oil deposits, making him a whole lot
16:22of money.
16:23Money he'd use to build a company.
16:25A company he would call...
16:27Karcherland.
16:28No.
16:29Karcher World.
16:30No.
16:31Karcher's emporium of awesome sound wave solutions.
16:35No.
16:36I guess I'll just call it Geophysical Services Incorporated.
16:42Or GSI for short.
16:44Ring any bells?
16:44Well, over the years, Geophysical Services Incorporated evolved and started producing electronic instruments for the military.
16:52That led GSI out of the oil fields and into electronics.
16:57And after World War II, Karcher's little oil company will grow to an enormous electronics company.
17:03A company called Texas Instruments, which will, among other things, be instrumental in curing your next hangover.
17:11I'm pretty sure we can fit Karcher in between Texas and Instruments.
17:20Back in 1954, when computers were the size of a room, Texas Instruments released the transistor radio, which quickly became
17:29the best-selling electronics device of its time.
17:33More importantly, this was proof that electronics could fit in the palm of your hand.
17:38This simple radio was made possible by the invention of the transistor by William Shockley.
17:45More on him later.
17:47The transistor was smaller, cooler, more durable, and ran on less energy than its vacuum tube predecessor.
17:53But it still had one major problem.
17:56It could only do one thing.
17:58If you wanted to do ten things, you needed ten transistors.
18:03If you wanted to do a thousand things, well, you needed a really big building.
18:08Engineers at the time were able to design much more complex systems than the transistor radio.
18:15But without more complex circuitry, they were impossible to realize.
18:20This problem is known as the tyranny of numbers.
18:24And in the summer of 1958, electronics companies around the world are in a mad dash to solve this problem.
18:32Which brings us here, to Dallas, Texas, where the competition might not seem so heated at the moment.
18:40That's because it's summer vacation at the headquarters of Texas Instruments.
18:45Unfortunately, for new employee Jack Kilby, he doesn't have any vacation time accrued.
18:52Fortunately, for the rest of the world, he has the office all to himself.
18:57And so, for the next two weeks, Jack Kilby gets busy.
19:01He integrates the circuitry of individual transistors onto a single chip using components made with an element called germanium, which
19:12acts as a semiconductor.
19:14It is a revolutionary idea, an idea that will eventually win him a Nobel Prize.
19:20Jack's integrated circuit, otherwise known as the microchip, is an idea that will change the world.
19:32Today, we are discovering the surprising way that a mousetrap will cure your hangover.
19:36We started with the invention of an automated mousetrap, which led to the first fully automatic machine gun, which created
19:41the need for something called a war tuba.
19:44That tuba technology paved the way for seismic reflection, which was used to find oil.
19:49That oil spawned a tech company that turned it to Texas Instruments, who had the good sense to hire a
19:54guy named Jack Kilby,
19:55who went on to harness the power of germanium and reinvent the world as we know it with a little
19:59miracle called the microchip.
20:02To sum up, a brilliant guy in Texas solved the tyranny of numbers by single-handedly creating the integrated circuit
20:09and changing the world forever.
20:11So, why am I here, 1,700 miles from Dallas, strolling through a valley that doesn't exist?
20:19Because sometimes, life is just that weird.
20:28Hey, son.
20:32Do we need to come up with a snappy name?
20:37Well, I mean, you know, there's eight of us, so I was thinking the frisky eight.
20:43No?
20:44Okay, okay, okay.
20:45All right, I get it, I get it, I get it, okay.
20:46The infinite eight, right?
20:48Imagine a sideways eight infinity symbol next to a regular eight.
20:51Look at them, look good on the stationary.
20:53Ladies and gentlemen, Robert Noyce.
20:55Like Jack Kilby, Noyce is a legend in the tech industry.
20:59At least he's going to be.
21:00Today, he's just a trader.
21:01He and seven of his friends, fellow scientists and engineers, some of the most brilliant minds in the world,
21:08have just decided to leave their dream jobs at Shockley Labs.
21:12Noyce figures the moment is worth commemorating.
21:15Okay, ante up.
21:16I need a buck from each of you.
21:19First, $8 for the company.
21:21Sign them, put them in the center.
21:23These guys, they're celebrating their freedom by putting their money where their mouth is.
21:28It's not just a symbolic gesture, though.
21:31This is an actual buy-in.
21:33A buy-in between eight men who are willing to risk everything.
21:36Eight guys who figure they can build a better mousetrap.
21:39Is Gordon the only guy who brought a pen?
21:41This company is off to a great start.
21:44These guys are sick and tired of working for William Shockley.
21:47You remember Shockley.
21:48The engineer who invented the transistor, made this thing possible.
21:53The man all of these engineers dreamed of one day becoming.
21:57Now they work for him, and they've come to the conclusion that he's a tyrant.
22:01Guys, I'm missing one.
22:03There's only seven here.
22:03Who didn't put in?
22:05Who didn't put in?
22:06Noyce and his friends, they decide to do the unthinkable.
22:09They leave Shockley Labs.
22:12This is their declaration of independence.
22:15I'm sorry, guys.
22:16It was me.
22:16I'm sorry.
22:17It's me.
22:18Can I borrow a dollar?
22:20Oh, no.
22:26They will forever be known as the Traitorous Eight.
22:33So Robert Noyce and the rest of the Traitorous Eight break away from William Shockley and
22:39start a company of their own.
22:40They call it Fairchild Semiconductor.
22:44This company will not only change the world, it'll completely revolutionize office culture.
22:49No assigned parking spaces, no oversized offices to fight over, no fancy titles, and most of
22:55all, no ties.
22:56Now, not wearing a tie to work in 1957, that'd be like going to work today naked, wrapped in
23:04bubble pack.
23:06It simply wasn't done.
23:07But these guys, they didn't care about appearances.
23:11What they cared about was ideas.
23:13Like Hiram Maxim, they just wanted to build a better mousetrap.
23:18Noyce was very serious about being casual.
23:20At the risk of sounding cliche, he really was one of those guys who believed there truly
23:26were no stupid questions.
23:28Does it have to be germanium?
23:30Ooh, like that.
23:32Not a stupid question at all.
23:34As I'm sure you realize, germanium is not the only element on the periodic table that functions
23:40as a semiconductor.
23:42Question is, what would they use?
23:44We did it, boys.
23:45Here it is.
23:46The silicon microchip.
23:49Where did it go?
23:51Oh, it's right there.
23:53Anyway, that's why nobody goes to work today in germanium valley.
23:58But why did they pick this area around Palo Alto?
24:01Well, for one, it's kind of pretty.
24:02And two, there was an interesting new idea happening at a school called Stanford University.
24:08Back in 1966, Stanford hired some very interesting people to teach some very interesting courses.
24:14Say hello to Doug Engelbart.
24:17Doug runs the Augmented Human Intellect Research Center for the Stanford Research Institute.
24:22And right now, he's working on a plan to help local business people reach their potential
24:28with a little help from a chemical compound called lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD.
24:40Doug Engelbart is all about elevating man's collective consciousness.
24:45This, in his opinion, can be best achieved with LSD.
24:49Now, why should anybody take his word for it?
24:51Well, two years from now, in 1968, Doug Engelbart will deliver the mother of all demos to a gobsmacked
24:59audience of 2,000 people in San Francisco who must have thought that they, too, were on some
25:05kind of a trip.
25:06Because in that demo, Engelbart introduces the groundwork for Windows, graphic user interface,
25:13hypertext links, video conferencing, and the mouse, which he himself created.
25:19Right now, he's squirting LSD into his eyes.
25:31Want to have a look inside his brain?
25:34I know I do.
25:38Oh, yeah.
25:39That's what I'm talking about.
25:41Doug Engelbart's brain is a great place to understand and demonstrate the effects of LSD
25:47because Doug Engelbart has dropped a lot of acid.
25:52His brain, like yours, is divided up into a series of sections.
25:57Each one functions more or less like its own separate computer.
26:01Now, normally, there's a governor over top of all of those sections.
26:04That's called the ego.
26:06What happens with LSD is that the ego becomes compromised, allowing the individual parts
26:13of your brain to communicate with each other in ways they otherwise would not.
26:18This opens up all sorts of possibilities.
26:21It also does some very strange things to inanimate objects and light and sound and space and time
26:28and so forth.
26:29But we here at Six Degrees do not in any way condone the illegal use of drugs.
26:36We're not suggesting that you should squirt LSD into your eye or your nose or your ear or your mouth
26:42or any other hole in your body.
26:45That's not what we're saying.
26:46We're simply saying that once upon a time, this was perfectly legal,
26:49and some very smart people thought it was more than a way to escape reality.
26:53They thought it was a way to solve problems.
26:56Anyway.
26:57After one of Doug Englehart's magic carpet rides,
27:01he went home and assembled the mother of all demos.
27:05We're going to try our best to show you rather than tell you about this program.
27:10A very essential part of what we have developed technologically
27:14is what does come through this display to us.
27:18A copy of a word.
27:19Say that word like copy after itself.
27:21Say after there, I'd like a copy from that entity point to that point,
27:26and it'll copy it.
27:28If you own a personal computer,
27:30you have most definitely been influenced by the life and work of Doug Englehart.
27:34And if you've ever tried LSD,
27:37well, you're in the company of some pretty interesting people.
27:40People like Steve Jobs.
27:42Taking LSD was one of the most profound experiences of my life.
27:46And this guy.
27:47Oh, me? I've never done drugs.
27:50Different strokes for different folks.
27:52Let's have some fun with puppets.
27:55You know, this would be a great place to shoot a commercial.
28:00Say hi to Ken Kesey.
28:02Ken's a Stanford graduate.
28:04He was first introduced to LSD by the CIA at the Veterans Hospital.
28:08Talk about a rough blind date.
28:10Ken used that experience to write a book called One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.
28:14Jack Nicholson and Danny DeVito starred in a movie about it,
28:18a movie which won every major Academy Award.
28:21And look at this.
28:22Kesey brought his friend along, Tom Wolfe,
28:24who's also writing a book about Kesey's antics with this motley crew,
28:28The Merry Pranksters.
28:30In 1966, Ken Kesey...
28:35...in the Bay Area called the Trips Festival.
28:3910,000 young minds came together to dance to live music and drink LSD-laced punch.
28:44And the message kept spreading.
28:49Kesey introduced...
28:53...acid test parties to find the music of the...
29:02...the hearts club band.
29:04And who could ever forget Jimi Hendrix,
29:07who took some LSD one day and basically reinvented what a guitar should sound like.
29:12More and more people were turning on, tuning in, and dropping out,
29:16changing the collective mind of society,
29:18which is exactly what Doug Engelbart envisioned when he introduced LSD to his team back at Stanford.
29:26Now, let's take a quick digression to talk about where such a magical mystery serum actually came from.
29:32I'll give you a hint.
29:33It's a land of chocolate, watchmaking, and intricate little knives full of mostly useless gadgetry.
29:41It's April 16th, 1943.
29:44World War II is raging.
29:47But here, in Basel, Switzerland, things are relatively peaceful, the way they always are in Basel, Switzerland.
29:55This is Albert Hoffman.
29:58He's a chemist.
29:59Today, he's trying to create a drug that will stimulate respiratory and circulatory systems in humans.
30:06To achieve this, he's combining lysergic acid with various other organic molecules.
30:12During one of his trials, Albert accidentally gets some on his skin.
30:17Hoffman experiences a feeling of euphoria.
30:21Hold on.
30:23Light seems to emit sound.
30:25The objects in his lab appear to be breathing.
30:33Hoffman decides he rather enjoys this feeling.
30:40A few days later, he takes a little more.
30:44Then, he takes a little more after that.
30:47Then, he takes a lot.
30:50Rookie mistake.
30:53Hey, Albert, man.
30:54Down here.
30:55You gotta get home right now.
30:57Your neighbor.
30:58She's a witch, man.
30:59She's gonna burn your house down.
31:03Multiple sources have confirmed that Albert Hoffman was indeed convinced that his kindly old neighbor had turned into a witch
31:11and was out to get him.
31:13He needed to get home.
31:15Stat.
31:17What's your name?
31:27But this is wartime Switzerland, and everybody has given up their cars.
31:32So, Albert has to ride his bike home, which is why April 19th is National Bicycle Day.
31:39And what a bike ride it was.
31:41Come on, Albert.
31:42Let's go stop the witch.
31:45Okay.
31:46Okay.
31:47It was a miracle that Albert Hoffman ever made it home.
31:50Come on, Albert.
31:51And a few hours later, when the LSD finally wore off, Albert Hoffman realized he was really on to something.
31:58All the colors, man.
31:59Or on something, at the very least.
32:03Anyway, that's how LSD was discovered.
32:05In Switzerland, at a lab, on a bike.
32:07Come on, Albert.
32:08And with some talking mice.
32:10All the colors, man.
32:13All the colors.
32:15Once again, here's Chuck, helping us thank the sponsor, Chuck Bowe.
32:19So?
32:20Chuck Bowe is what you call an automobile enthusiast.
32:22I like my cars loud.
32:24I like the smell of high octane in the morning.
32:27Which means he's not a big fan of the electric variety.
32:29I don't want to plug in my car.
32:31No, but if he did, he might be surprised to know that the electricity that powers his car flows through
32:36wires and a grid and eventually goes to a turbine that spins courtesy of natural gas.
32:44You're telling me an electric car is actually fueled and powered by natural gas?
32:49In many cases?
32:51Yeah.
32:52Well, in that case, I'll take one.
32:53And it's got to come in either ammo or camo.
32:56Ammo's not a color.
32:57Yes, it is.
32:57And on the hood has got to be a decal, preferably a bird of prey.
33:02I'll make some calls.
33:03Right on.
33:07If you're just joining us, man, you missed a lot.
33:10It started with a better mousetrap, a better gun, a better tuba, the traitorous eight, and a scientist who invented
33:16LSD.
33:18Time now to land the plane.
33:20All the colors, man.
33:23It would be convenient to say that LSD was responsible for driving the counterculture revolution that defined the 1960s.
33:31Some people think it did.
33:32Many, in fact.
33:34Drugs were certainly in many places that defined that decade.
33:38Can you imagine a summer of love without a happy heap and helping of hallucinogens?
33:43The fact is, drugs brought a lot of like-minded people together.
33:47People who began to question societal norms, demand civil rights, and equal justice for everybody.
33:54The same people who suggested that maybe the war in Vietnam might be something worth ending.
34:01By the mid-60s, people were opposing the war on moral grounds.
34:06On October 21st, 1967, 100,000 people showed up in Washington to protest the war in Vietnam.
34:19By 1973, the Vietnam War was an unmitigated disaster, and there was only one man with the courage and the
34:27guts to get us out.
34:29Richard Milhouse Nixon.
34:33True, he wasn't perfect.
34:35There were stories in the press about his purported affection for multiple martinis, his alleged taste for the dog biscuits
34:44he kept on his desk.
34:46And, of course, the legendary paranoia that led him to tape every conversation in the Oval Office.
34:53But, on January 23rd, 1973, Richard Nixon was the man for the job.
34:59At 3 a.m. Eastern Standard Time, Nixon was waiting for a phone call from Henry Kissinger.
35:09Sign it!
35:11With that phone call, Nixon saved thousands of American lives.
35:15Yes, he's remembered today for that whole Watergate situation, and for being the first sitting president to resign from office,
35:23and for becoming the butt of countless jokes and mean-spirited aspersions, but eating dog biscuits?
35:30Come on.
35:30Who among us hasn't been drawn to the tasty treats typically reserved for man's best friend?
35:37No dog lover is beyond such redemption.
35:40Even the man who got us out of Vietnam.
35:43That's right.
35:44That was me, baby!
35:46When the North Vietnamese agreed to a ceasefire, we packed up and left, and everybody lived happily ever after.
35:52Right?
35:53Not if you were in the South Vietnamese Army.
35:57After the U.S. withdrew, Communist North Vietnam took over South Vietnam.
36:02And if you were a South Vietnamese officer in those days, things looked pretty bleak.
36:08And if you were of Chinese descent, you needed to find a boat fast.
36:13With South Vietnam on the brink of an economic crisis after the war,
36:18low consumer prices offered by the Chinese posed a real threat to the Hanoi government.
36:23Vietnamese soldiers were sent to raid Chinese homes and shops,
36:27forcing the Chinese to flee with nothing to their name.
36:34Enter David Tran.
36:36David's a refugee and a former South Vietnamese of Chinese descent.
36:41It's 1980, and David is feeling pretty rad right now.
36:45He just started a small business out of his apartment making hot sauce,
36:49and people are eating it up.
36:50Soon, he'll have enough saved for a van,
36:53and eventually, a proper space to mass-produce his hot sauce.
36:57He'll name his company after the freighter that took him from Vietnam to the United States.
37:03And eventually, Hoi Fong Foods will come out with a new flavor,
37:06Sriracha, a name synonymous with hot sauce that made over $80 million last year alone.
37:12Oh yeah, 1980 David Tran is feeling pretty rad indeed.
37:17He's the epitome of the American dream, a refugee escaping communism,
37:22coming to this country on a boat with nothing in his pockets but a recipe for hot sauce.
37:28Here's to you, David Tran, a poster child for capitalism and the American dream.
37:40Of course, none of David Tran's accomplishments would have been possible
37:44if he hadn't made it to America after the United States departed Vietnam.
37:50A departure made possible by a counterculture revolution.
37:54A revolution fueled by free love, world peace, and all the acid you could drop.
37:59A drug that changed computers forever after two geniuses independently invented the microchip.
38:07Thanks to another genius who used seismic technology to find gunfire.
38:13Machine gunfire made possible by yet another genius
38:17who never got over his burning desire to build a better mousetrap.
38:21Which is really just a long way of saying that is how a mousetrap can help you cure your hangover.
38:28Assuming, of course, you have the secret ingredient,
38:32I refer to sriracha hot chili sauce.
38:35Thank you, David Tran.
38:36Just the thing to spice up a Bloody Mary and change your whole worldview.
38:42You know what I'm talking about?
38:43Sock it to me.
38:53Spicy is good.
38:54Alex, play something appropriate.
39:01I love it when a plan comes together.
39:08Not bad.
39:10You couldn't have given me this this morning?
39:18There were stories in the press about his purported affection for multiple martinis.
39:24The press loved to write about his sweaty...
39:36I see what you did there.
39:40I'll tell you what, it's not a bad martini.
39:43Very dry.
39:45I was halfway to downing the whole thing when suddenly I felt the fire in the back of my throat.
39:53And I said, Jesus, Lord have mercy, they've put real vodka in this drink.
40:00Jesus is good.
40:00He's wrong.
40:05You were good!
40:05I've enjoyed this room ever.
40:05I will say your day after my atravess.
40:06This week he's drained the life of the rosealar strategy.
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