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我们所有人的故事 @ 速度与人类
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00:07We are innovators, inventors.
00:16We transform the resources of our planet into new powers.
00:40But as life accelerates, new perils and mankind's Grady, Richmond, Virginia, April, 1865, the
00:56climax of the American Civil War, Union troops close in on the Confederate capital.
01:11But the Confederates decide not to defend their city.
01:17They're planned, evacuate, regroup, keep fighting.
01:31The orders pass to two young soldiers.
01:38Captain William Herring, Adjutant Lyndon Kent.
01:46Without knowing it, they'll help bring the war to a sudden end.
02:01The American Civil War.
02:04The bloodiest war in U.S. history.
02:08600,000 Americans dead.
02:12More than in World Wars I and II combined.
02:18But in the modern age, the key to the success of mankind is mass production.
02:28Wars are now won by harnessing the power of industry, giving the Union a massive advantage.
02:40Four out of five factories are in the north, making 25 times more weapons, six times more ammunition.
02:59Many Southerners still live a rural life based on farming.
03:06Crushed by the industrial might of the north, they're on the brink of defeat.
03:17Richmond, their last stand, abandoned.
03:29Herring and Kent are meant to burn the south's most valued commodity, tobacco.
03:38And to destroy food and supplies, anything that could be of use to Union troops.
03:55Wait a second, I was just fighting to protect this city and now you want me to burn it to
04:03the ground?
04:04Are you insane?
04:10The shock and the horror of this idea must have been the most terrible thing in the world.
04:15And then the question comes, do you follow orders and burn what you've defended?
04:20Yeah.
04:21Do you let it be?
04:30Are we really going to do this?
04:52The Confederates want to destroy the warehouses, but leave Richmond intact, ready for their return.
05:07Richmond is a concept, a belief.
05:11As long as Richmond exists, so does the Confederacy.
05:20But the fire spreads out of control.
05:27A thousand buildings burn.
05:34Munition dumps explode.
05:40The Confederates lay waste to their own city.
05:47It's apocalyptic.
05:49That's the only way to describe it.
05:50The Confederates are leaving a capital ablaze.
05:54A capital in ruin.
05:55An idea in ruin.
05:57A political system in ruin.
05:59It's the end.
06:03Six days later, the south surrenders.
06:09The world's first industrial war ends.
06:19Now, the men and machines that fought the war fight for a new cause.
06:27Progress.
06:31An explosion of technology.
06:39Man the toolmaker charges into the modern age.
06:45The period immediately following the Civil War was curiously enough a time of enormous optimism.
06:51A time when people embraced the idea of progress like they'd never done before.
06:55People believed that everything could be done faster, bigger, better.
07:01Every other day, there'd be a newspaper article about some new extraordinary invention, some new technology, some new breakthrough that
07:11was just on the cusp.
07:13In the U.S. alone, 400,000 patents in 40 years.
07:20New inventions mass-produced.
07:23New inventions mass-produced.
07:40Identical parts, made separately, put together on the assembly horn.
07:47High volume, low cost.
07:51New inventions mass-produced.
07:52variants text not to repeat.
07:54Around the world, a chain reaction.
07:58Industry expands seven hundred percent.
08:02Mass production sweeps through North America and Europe.
08:06Then spreads East to Asia.
08:11Japan.
08:14For 200 years, cut off from the rest of the world.
08:21A medieval way of life, isolated from Western progress.
08:30But even here, change is coming.
08:34A barber shop in old Tokyo.
08:39One man will help launch Japan into the modern age.
08:43Iwasaki Yotaro.
08:48Visionary, reformer, samurai.
08:57Determined to embrace the future, he'll cut ties to the past.
09:09The samurai have ruled Japan for 600 years.
09:16A warrior class.
09:22Live and die by the sword.
09:27During the several hundred years that Japan shut its doors to the world.
09:34The cult of the samurai was elevated to this mystical status.
09:40And at the heart of it, the worship of the sword.
10:01The soul of every warrior in his sword.
10:12The soul of the sword.
10:13Made from hammered steel.
10:1632,000 layers.
10:19Each a hundred thousandth of an inch thick.
10:24Sharp enough to slice through five human bodies at a time.
10:42But the samurai's ancient feudal code keeps Japan living in the past.
11:07It was Saki, from an old samurai family.
11:14He'll reject the old order by removing his topknot.
11:29Traditionally cut off in defeat.
11:34An act of humiliation.
11:42For Iwasaki, it's liberation.
11:54He enters the barbershop of samurai.
12:01He leaves an entrepreneur.
12:081884.
12:09It was Saki rents an old shipyard.
12:14The base for his company.
12:17Mitsubishi.
12:20The expertise that made swords.
12:23And make ships.
12:25From steel.
12:29An iron and carbon alloy honed over centuries.
12:33Steel is a man-made super metal.
12:38Up to ten times stronger than pure iron.
12:43Today, we use 1.3 billion tons of it every year.
12:50Enough to build the Empire State Building 20,000 times.
13:00Iwasaki recruits Western experts to learn the secrets of modern industry.
13:06By blasting oxygen through pig iron.
13:10It's possible to make steel 10 times faster.
13:17In just over a century, Mitsubishi becomes the world's largest corporation.
13:23Building ships, planes, and cars.
13:32Asia's first industrial nation develops faster than any country on Earth.
13:42Japan learns in a decade what the West developed in a century.
13:50Today, it's the planet's third richest nation.
13:586,000 miles away.
14:01Belfast, Ireland.
14:04Workers build a giant steel structure.
14:09A monument to the ambition of the age.
14:152,000 steel plates.
14:193 million rivets.
14:27900 feet long.
14:3146,000 tons.
14:37The largest moving object on the planet.
14:42And it's unsinkable.
14:451,000 miles away.
14:481,000 miles away.
14:501,000 miles away.
14:551,000 miles away.
14:571,000 miles away.
14:571,000 miles away.
14:581,000 miles away.
14:581,000 miles away.
15:001,000 miles away.
15:061,000 miles away.
15:101,000 miles away.
15:15On board, a Morse code message system, the wireless telegraph.
15:26Operator, Jack Phillips, 25 years old, a communications expert.
15:34He'll play a part in mankind's most famous disaster.
15:439.40 p.m., a warning from steamship Masiba, eight miles ahead.
15:51Saw much heavy pack ice and a great number of large icebergs, also field ice.
15:58Weather good, clear.
16:01An invisible message sent at the speed of light.
16:07Radio waves have been produced by stars and planets for billions of years.
16:14Now, physicists use electric currents to produce them at will.
16:20Morse code.
16:23Where once we communicated face to face, now we can send messages across the planet.
16:33On board the Titanic, 1,316 passengers.
16:42More than half crammed into third class cabins.
16:46Arrogance.
16:48One, two.
16:49Now, two.
16:50I have three.
16:51Yeah.
16:52I have three.
16:53I have three.
16:53I have three.
16:55Men like Theodore de Molde.
17:01A peasant farmer dreaming of a new life in a new world.
17:09He left his wife and children in Europe.
17:14His ticket, the equivalent of a year's income.
17:20The amazing thing about humans is we're never satisfied.
17:23We're incredible risk takers.
17:24We're always exploring.
17:25And no matter how good life is, there's always some effort to see sort of what's past the next mountain
17:31or around the next corner.
17:34With mass production comes mass transportation.
17:40Steamships power the greatest migration in human history.
17:45Over half a century, 1 in 20 people on the planet emigrate.
17:50The most popular destination across the Atlantic.
17:56America.
17:59A hundred ships a week arrive in New York.
18:0526 million people migrate to the USA.
18:11They were leaving home, coming probably with very little money in their pocket.
18:16Just a dream.
18:17A dream that they could come to America and start their lives over and make something of themselves
18:23and maybe someday become one of those rich people in first class.
18:3411.40 PM.
18:42While passengers sleep, Jack Phillips is busy sending personal messages for those in first class.
18:50The iceberg warning doesn't reach the bridge.
18:57The biggest ship on earth is at 22 and a half knots.
19:01Nearly full speed.
19:06It sails at speeds that it shouldn't have been traveling at.
19:09And it's going through really a minefield, a naturally made minefield of ice, mountainous ice.
19:22Ice boat strainer!
19:23Engine!
19:23Full stop!
19:34They are gone off of anyone.
19:36High shore!
19:39The shore!
19:43He was fired!一下
19:44that it's kind of additionalinas
19:48areissance Nooatu. And we
20:00Third-class cabins flood first.
20:13The iceberg tears rivets off steel plates in the hull,
20:17opening six gaps.
20:34The new international distress signal, S.O.S.
20:41S.O.S. S.O.S.
20:43Titanic requires immediate assistance.
20:45Come at once.
20:46We struck an iceberg.
20:47Sinking.
20:54Ten miles away, another ship, the Californian,
20:58close enough to save lives.
21:01But its wireless operator turned off the telegraph
21:04and went to sleep 15 minutes earlier.
21:12Six supposedly watertight compartments flooded.
21:18More than 10 million gallons of water pour into the Titanic.
21:28To reach the lifeboats,
21:30third-class passengers must pass through
21:32first- and second-class decks.
21:37But the doors are locked.
21:48To know that you were trapped there because you were poor,
21:52that's when fear would have combined probably with rage.
21:56Less than half those on board will make it to New York.
22:00This is the only way.
22:02This is the only way.
22:37Two and three quarter hours after hitting an iceberg,
22:41Titanic, the unsinkable ship, sinks.
22:47The universe is the only way.
23:11Third-class passenger Theodore de Mulder clings to the wreckage.
23:20The water's fatally cold, three degrees below freezing.
23:31He could die of hypothermia in just 15 minutes.
23:50But de Mulder is one of the lucky ones.
24:02Three days later, he arrives in New York.
24:06He will go on to land a job at the Ford factory in Detroit, a classic immigrant's tale.
24:241,503 passengers and crew never reached New York.
24:31When the Titanic hit that iceberg, it set off a great period of re-examination of our faith
24:39in technology.
24:39And I don't think we've ever had quite the same optimism or trust that technology always
24:47serves our interests.
24:54In New York City, one of nature's wonders is about to be tamed.
25:01Inventor Charles Goodyear.
25:06Determined, obsessed, and broke.
25:11From a tenement kitchen, he'll kickstart a transport revolution.
25:20Native Americans in the Amazon have used it for centuries, extracting a white sap from trees.
25:28They call it caoutchou.
25:33Rubber.
25:37Rubber is one of the most underappreciated miracles of nature.
25:43It's up there with coal and steel and bronze.
25:46It's become this kind of secret juice that's allowed us to expand beyond our limits.
25:54In its raw state, rubber isn't very useful.
25:59It melts when hot.
26:03Cracks when cold.
26:08Goodyear tries to change its chemical structure to make it more resilient and more useful.
26:20Goodyear's one of those interesting kind of eccentrics in America that's absolutely dogged
26:26by a single idea.
26:28For five years, nothing.
26:35His debts consign him to jail.
26:39His family relies on handouts.
26:45But Goodyear believes he's divinely inspired.
26:54There's no object so desirable, so important, and so necessary to the human race
27:00as making rubber available for man's use.
27:056,000 miles from Goodyear's tenement.
27:09Africa.
27:11One of the world's great sources of natural resources.
27:18The Congo.
27:20900,000 square miles.
27:24Over 2,000,000,000 rubber plants.
27:33Under brutal colonial rule.
27:38The heart of darkness.
27:44But one man will make a stand and change Africa's fate.
27:51Insala.
27:54Rubber tapper.
27:57Husband.
27:58Family man.
28:04Alice Harris.
28:09Activist.
28:11Reformer.
28:12A Baptist missionary from Britain.
28:21Insala doesn't know her, but has nowhere else to turn.
28:25He wants the world to know what he's carrying.
28:38What?
28:39What happened?
28:53The severed hand and foot of his daughter.
28:59The previous day his village was attacked.
29:03His wife and daughter slaughtered.
29:09I'm going to help you, okay?
29:12Let me help you.
29:20For 19 years, Belgium's King Leopold has run the Congo as his own private estate.
29:31Millions forced to tap rubber.
29:35The profits line his pockets.
29:39Since there was nobody looking over his shoulder, he exploited it and exploited the people as well.
29:50Almost anything could happen and anything did, unfortunately.
29:58When workers don't make their quota, the chicane.
30:04A whip made from hippopotamus hide.
30:1010 million Congolese died in 15 years of Leopold's rule.
30:16An African genocide.
30:25Just need that one hand a little bit closer.
30:27Alice Harris will expose the brutality of Leopold's regime and shift world opinion.
30:34Three.
30:36A photograph that will change mankind.
30:47Baringa province, northeastern Congo.
30:54A land controlled by Belgium's King Leopold.
31:01British missionary Alice Harris will harness the power of mass communication to reveal a terrible truth.
31:12A catalogue of horror.
31:15Our mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers.
31:20Beaten and murdered for rubber.
31:24No matter how hard we work, we suffer.
31:29Every day, we suffer.
31:38It's a story repeated through the ages.
31:42Colonial forces attack native populations and plunder the planet's riches.
31:55Atrocities committed far from prying eyes.
31:59Look up.
32:00Look up.
32:03Look up.
32:06Harris wants to change that.
32:13She'll tell the world what is happening in the Congo.
32:17The children are routinely maimed as a warning to villagers.
32:23Her weapon, the camera.
32:29For the first time, mankind can capture images of our world, reproduce, and share them.
32:37The first cameras weighed 110 pounds.
32:44By 1900, they're smaller, portable, and in the hands of 2 million amateurs.
32:56The invention of photography and the means to get them in front of people
33:02held more power than its inventors ever dreamed.
33:10Photos don't blink.
33:12And they don't go away.
33:15Once you've seen that image, you can't rewind.
33:22Harris takes hundreds of photos in the Congo.
33:30They're published in newspapers across the world, shocking millions of readers, including Mark Twain.
33:41If only we could bring home that picture to the minds of the American people.
33:46How they would rise to destroy that age-brutal trafficking in human flesh.
33:54Twain joins the Congo Reform Association to campaign against the atrocities.
34:04He writes pamphlets illustrated with Harris' photographs.
34:12Just one look at what had happened to these people in the Congo from these photographs she took was able
34:18to communicate so broadly and so horrifically that it transformed world opinion.
34:28And it changed society.
34:30The campaign forces King Leopold to quit the Congo and the rubber trade.
34:39Mass media.
34:41A new power in a modern world.
34:45Key to illuminating the planet's darkest corners.
34:50The expression, a picture's worth a thousand words, that's a low-ball estimate.
34:56A picture, a good picture, is worth so much more than that.
35:08While in Africa, people challenge colonial rule.
35:12In Europe, the great powers are at war.
35:16Mass production means new weapons, more lethal than ever.
35:25The howitzer shoots 2,000-pound shells over 10 miles.
35:32The machine gun fires 500 rounds per minute.
35:38The tank, a 40-ton metal horse.
35:52In World War I, eight and a half million people die.
36:06But a third of those deaths are not from man-made weapons.
36:17They're from disease.
36:20There's an age-old tussle between microbes and man.
36:28This war has been an invisible war.
36:31We don't see them.
36:32They're too small.
36:35But collectively, they're quite intelligent and quite crafty.
36:45Now one man wages war on bacteria.
36:50At stake, millions of lives.
37:01World War I, Northern France.
37:06Life expectancy on the front line, six weeks.
37:17But from the worst of times, comes the best of mankind.
37:27Alexander Fleming.
37:32A Scottish army doctor, commended for bravery.
37:38Neither surgeon nor medic, but a new kind of doctor.
37:46A bacteriologist.
37:48A bacteriologist.
37:51On a quest to treat not the symptoms of a disease.
37:56But its root cause.
38:01It was through his absolutely obsessive need to understand what was happening in his laboratory
38:07that he wandered into the greatest advance ever among human scientists.
38:12Fleming sees thousands die needlessly.
38:15Not from bullets and shrapnel.
38:18But from wounds infected by bacteria.
38:26One hundred trillion bacteria inhabit the human body.
38:31Ten times the number of human cells.
38:35Microorganisms that feed on living tissue.
38:42Most are harmless.
38:44But a few species release toxins.
38:47They cripple the immune system and spread disease.
38:56Bacteria have killed more people than all the wars in history, combined.
39:01A
39:05A
39:05A
39:18By world war one, doctors realized there's a link between bacteria and disease.
39:24A
39:25Can't stop infection spreading.
39:36The tried and tested cure, cut away tissue, douse it in an antiseptic,
39:45carbolic acid, a deadly trade-off.
39:57The acid disinfects wounds, but also attacks white blood cells,
40:03the body's natural defense against bacteria.
40:17Imagine being at the side of a soldier with a small flesh wound, easily treatable,
40:23and yet watching the gangrene climb up the leg.
40:28Most did not survive very survivable wounds because of the resulting infections.
40:37Fleming, face to face with the enemy.
40:44He knows bacteria are killing millions.
40:48Now, he begins a ten-year battle to stop them.
40:53I was consumed by a desire to discover, after all this struggling,
40:59something which will kill those microbes.
41:19London, 1928.
41:21The war is over, and Fleming is a civilian doctor.
41:25working in a hospital laboratory, testing samples of infected tissue.
41:38And after so many dead ends, the ultimate chance discovery.
41:53A sample, left open for two weeks, is contaminated.
42:01Inside, a fungus is growing, producing a substance which stops bacteria in their tracks.
42:11Instead of multiplying, microbes rupture and die.
42:17That substance, penicillin.
42:22When I woke up, just after dawn, I didn't plan to revolutionize all medicine.
42:27But, I suppose that's exactly what I've done.
42:32Within 15 years, penicillin saves one million lives a year.
42:38A miracle drug.
42:40The world's first antibiotic.
42:43Today, we make 45,000 tons of it every year.
42:49Imagine a world before antibiotics, before Fleming's invention.
42:53A world where moms feared for their child's lives because so many were lost.
43:01One out of every three people who could hear my voice right now and see my face would be dead
43:06if it wasn't for the antibiotics that Fleming first invented.
43:12Medicine for millions in a world shaped by mass production.
43:23From the first industrial war, mankind exploded into the modern world.
43:33Inflation forουνation.
43:34Innovation in overdrive.
43:39Life and death at unprecedented scale and speed.
43:46But now, we have the power to obliterate our species.