00:03The UBER was the first agreement on the 10th of January of 1989 between the representative
00:14of the President Barco, Rafael Pardo Rueda, and the commandant of the M-19, convocating
00:24all the forces guerrillas to make a process of peace.
00:33Unfortunately, the other forces guerrillas didn't come to that process and it took to
00:39to the M-19 to understand that path.
00:42From there, there began a discussion with the civil society about the reforms necessary
00:49for the country to reach a situation of normalcy.
00:55However, it was necessary that those agreements had force of law.
00:58The government brought it to the Congress, but the government was overpassed.
01:03No had capacity to face the narcotráfico, which also had been infiltrated in many of the
01:10institutions of the state.
01:11But we didn't feel the incapacity of making peace.
01:16In the case of the state, in the evidence of that in 1989, what we had in Colombia was
01:25a state of fall, is that it was called, it was called a mecanism extraordinary to save
01:33the situation.
01:34And that was made by a agreement that the government allowed that Pizarro and Navarro
01:39salieran in January of 1990 to form a agreement that had remained in punta, a agreement political.
01:50And, of course, among the people who signed that agreement, there was a candidate liberal
01:59in that time, César Gaviria, which he dictated a decree, convocated to the Asamblea Constituyente,
02:06that that that year, that that same year, the 11th of March of 1990, there was a seventh paper that
02:15introduced the movement student, where they called the Asamblea Constituyente,
02:22that is to say, converged on the movement student, which put a paper that
02:30the process of peace of 19.
02:33In the 19-19, he converted and made it necessary to be a convocatoria at a
02:39one-manism extraordinary because, evidently, the Ejecutive, with all the power that
02:44it had, because he used the state of the city where he wanted,
02:46nor the Congress, could it make it easy to do the peace.
02:50In the state, it was with the state for the war and for Ukraine.
02:55Here comes a very interesting thing, and it's that the Supreme Court of Justice,
03:01when declaring the acceptability of that convocation, of that decree,
03:06it gives force as a independent mechanism,
03:10it's to say, where they express the populace.
03:13One of the fundamental elements of the Constitution of 1991
03:19is that it says that the people are sovereign,
03:21it's to say that the people are above any other power.
03:25And that is the fundamental element of this new Constitution,
03:32that comes from the search of a country,
03:36a country that was agobiated by the violence,
03:40but also from a desire to reform the institutions.
03:46And the Supreme Court hears this clamor
03:49and makes it that the Constitution
03:52no be a mechanism of a government,
03:55but a autonomous mechanism
03:57where it reflects the popular sovereignty.
04:01I think this gives us three great lessons.
04:05One,
04:05one,
04:06two,
04:07No todo lo que se acuerda debe estar hecho por escrito.
04:13El elemento de la confianza para salvar situaciones muy complicadas
04:19como las que se dieron cuando colapsó el proceso de paz
04:21fue un elemento muy importante.
04:25Segundo, el papel de una institución como la Corte Suprema de Justicia
04:31pudo recobrar el elemento central de la democracia
04:34que es la soberanía del pueblo.
04:37Esa decisión de la Corte Suprema de Justicia también permitió
04:41que otras organizaciones guerrilleras, el Quintín Lame, el EPL, el PRT
04:51decidieran desarmarse para poder participar en el proceso de construcción
04:56de una nueva institucionalidad del país.
04:59De tal manera que no hay que olvidar ese elemento
05:04de que la paz del país, la búsqueda de la paz del país
05:09fue un factor definitivo en la convocatoria a esta Asamblea Constituyente.
05:15Por eso creo que esta historia, que ha sido muy dura,
05:20pero aunque ha sido muy aleccionadora,
05:22ha hecho posible que 30 años después organizaciones como las FARC,
05:29que en un momento dado se resistieron a participar en ese proceso,
05:33después hagan la venia a la Constitución del 91
05:36y también igualmente se desarmen a través de un proceso de negociación.
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