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University Challenge S55E37
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00:27Hello and welcome to the
00:29Grand Final of the 2025-26 series of University Challenge.
00:33Over 36 matches, we have whittled 28 remarkably knowledgeable student quiz teams down to just two.
00:39Between them, they've scored more than 1,800 points and answered nearly 280 questions correctly.
00:45And in just under half an hour's time, one of them will be lifting the University Challenge trophy.
00:50The team from Edinburgh are coming into this match undefeated, having beaten Newcastle, Trinity College, Cambridge, Merton College, Oxford and
00:57Darwin College, Cambridge.
00:58They've also played tonight's opponents once before and won.
01:01They booked their place in this final with some excellent buzzes in their last match on Greek myth, Portuguese literature
01:07and Spanish architecture.
01:08Backed up with a strong performance on bonus sets about citrus fruit and classical music.
01:13Hoping to become the second team from their university to lift our trophy.
01:16And with an average score of 165, let's meet the Edinburgh team for the final time.
01:22Hi, I'm Partha Vishwar. I'm from Portland, Oregon in the US, and I'm studying for a master's in sustainable lands
01:28and cities.
01:29Hi, I'm Johnny Richards. I'm from Los Angeles, California, and I'm doing a PhD on ancient DNA.
01:34And their captain.
01:35Hi, I'm Alice Leonard. I'm from Portsmouth, and I'm studying for a master's in environment, culture and society.
01:40Hi, I'm Rehan Amjad. I'm from Dublin and Glasgow, and I'm studying for a PhD in computer science.
01:48APPLAUSE
01:50The team from Manchester have faced New College Oxford, LSE, UCL, Sheffield and Imperial on their way to this point
01:57and defeated them all.
01:58And in fact, the only match they've lost in this competition was their first quarterfinal against Edinburgh.
02:02They are, however, coming into this game on very good form.
02:05In their semi-final against Imperial, all four team members contributed some very fast buzzes,
02:10helping them to an impressive final score of 250.
02:13Manchester are seeking what would be a record-equalling fifth series title for the university,
02:18and their average score is also 165.
02:21Let's meet them once again.
02:24Hi, I'm Ray Power. I'm from Bangkok, Thailand, and I'm studying film studies and English literature.
02:29Hi, I'm Kirstie Dixon. I'm from Morley Green in Cheshire, and I'm studying medicine.
02:34And their captain.
02:35Hi, I'm Kai Madrick. I'm from Foy in Cornwall, and I'm studying for a PhD in AI and astrophysics.
02:40Hi, I'm Rob Faulkner. I'm from Norwich, and I'm studying physics with astrophysics.
02:45Well, it's fantastic to see you guys, especially given you're looking so smart.
02:51So let's get on with it. Best of luck.
02:54Here we go. Fingers on buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.
02:58To whom are these words of Mary Wollstonecraft addressed?
03:02Having read with great pleasure a pamphlet which you have lately published,
03:05I dedicate this volume to you, to induce you to reconsider the subject
03:09and maturely weigh what I have advanced respecting the rights of women and national education.
03:14They are taken from the dedication of her vindication of the rights of women,
03:18written in response to this French statesman and diplomat's assertion
03:22that women's education should be limited to the domestic sphere.
03:27Manchester, Manchewick.
03:28Brousseau.
03:28No.
03:30Edinburgh, Richards.
03:31Condorcet.
03:32No, it's Talleyrand.
03:33Let's start the question.
03:34I need the names of two countries here.
03:37The largest time zone difference across a single land border.
03:41Manchester, Manchewick.
03:42China and Afghanistan.
03:43Well done.
03:43Your bonuses are on the works of Alexander Pushkin.
03:47Quote,
03:58Referring to its title character, those lines are from the opening scene
04:01of which of Pushkin's plays?
04:03Did Pushkin do Boris Godin' off?
04:05Because it's like crown and stuff like that.
04:06Okay, Boris Godin' off.
04:07Yes.
04:07Which narrative poem begins with a prologue that describes, quote,
04:11a green oak by the bay where a learned cat circles on a golden chain,
04:15telling stories of things wrought in legendary days,
04:18one of which the narrator says this poem will relate.
04:21Er, anything?
04:22I don't know, sorry.
04:24Any idea?
04:24No, pass.
04:25That's Ruslan and Lyudmila.
04:27The title character of which work is described in its opening stanzas as,
04:30in Nabokov's translation,
04:32a young scapegrace,
04:33a boisterous but charming child,
04:36now at large,
04:37haircut after the latest fashion,
04:38dressed like a London dandy.
04:40Eugene Onegin.
04:41Yes.
04:42Let's start the question.
04:44Which physicist's works include a short 1924 paper titled
04:48Planck's Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta?
04:51After this paper was initially rejected for publication,
04:54he sent it with a covering letter to Einstein,
04:56who translated it into German
04:58and published it under this physicist's name.
05:01Edinburgh M.
05:02Bose.
05:03It is Bose, yes.
05:04Well done.
05:04Three questions for you, Edinburgh,
05:06on football clubs founded by Britons abroad.
05:08Which football club in Serie A is the oldest in Italy
05:12and was founded in the city's British consulate
05:14as a cricket and athletics club,
05:16a fact demonstrated by the club's full name?
05:18They have been champions of Italy on nine occasions,
05:20although the last time was in 1924.
05:23Genoa.
05:24Yes.
05:24Also founded to play cricket by workers of a British railway company,
05:28the club, now known as Peñarol,
05:30after the neighbourhood in which it is located,
05:32is based in what country?
05:34Beautiful.
05:34The club has been national champions 52 times to date
05:37and was the first winner of the Copa Libertadores.
05:39Yeah.
05:40Uruguay.
05:41Yes.
05:41Which Spanish club was founded mainly by Scottish expats
05:44on Burns Night 1890,
05:45with its foundation document published in the Dundee Courier?
05:49The club hosted Spain's first official football match,
05:51defeating the team from nearby Huelva 2-0.
05:54Saltovigo.
05:56Nominate you, sure.
05:57Saltovigo.
05:58No, that's Sevilla.
05:59Let's start the question.
06:00What is the common English translation of the German word
06:04in the name of an art movement coined by Gustav Hartlaub
06:07for a 1925 exhibition subtitled
06:10German Painting Since Expressionism?
06:12In an essay published the same year, Hartlaub claimed that,
06:15quote, much of the visionary fantasy of the old
06:18is preserved even in the verism of today,
06:20in reference to the work of members of the movement
06:23such as Lottie Lagerstein, George Gross and Otto Dix.
06:28Manchester Metrox Realism.
06:29No.
06:31Edinburgh Leonard.
06:32Modernism.
06:33No, it's objectivity.
06:34The movement's called New Objectivity or Neue Sachlichkeit.
06:38Let's start the question.
06:40What type of animal is EO in a 2022 film by Jerzy Skolimowski,
06:44which follows the animal's travels across Europe
06:46after he is separated from his loving owner?
06:49Edinburgh Richards.
06:50Donkey.
06:50It is a donkey, yes.
06:52Your bonuses are on parasitic plants.
06:54Give the common name of each from the description.
06:57First, Rafflesia arnoldii, a parasitic,
07:00leafless plant native to Indonesia
07:02that produces the largest individual flowers in the world.
07:05It feeds on tetrastigma vines
07:07and its common name refers to the unpleasant odour
07:10it emits to attract the carrion insects that pollinate it.
07:13Yes.
07:14Corpse.
07:15Corpse flower.
07:15Yes.
07:17Next, Rhinanthus minor, a semi-parasitic plant
07:20common in wildflower meadows and grasslands in the UK.
07:23It takes its name from the colour of its flowers
07:24and the distinctive sound of its seeds moving in their calyxes.
07:28It's like yellow rattle or golden rattle.
07:29Yeah.
07:31Yellow rattle.
07:33Yes.
07:33Well done.
07:34Finally, viscum album, a semi-parasitic plant found in Europe
07:38and appearing in clusters on tree branches,
07:40especially on apple, hawthorn and poplar trees,
07:42that also contains the poisonous viscotoxin.
07:45In Greek mythology, Aeneas carries this plant
07:47to protect him on his journey to the underworld.
07:49I think it's mistletoe.
07:50Mistletoe?
07:51Mistletoe.
07:51Yes, it is.
07:52Well done.
07:53Picture round now.
07:54And for your picture starter,
07:55you're going to see a national flag.
07:57For ten points, I simply need the name of the country it represents.
08:02Manchester, Manchester.
08:03Turkmenistan.
08:04Well done.
08:05Well done.
08:06For your picture starter, you saw the flag of Turkmenistan,
08:09which the North American Vexillological Association's
08:12influential 2001 pamphlet,
08:14Good Flag, Bad Flag, criticises for its complicated patterns.
08:18For your picture bonuses,
08:19three more flags critiqued in Good Flag, Bad Flag.
08:22Five points for each you can identify.
08:24First, this Canadian province,
08:26whose flag is criticised for having too small a bison?
08:33It's probably a Priory province, so like Alberta.
08:35I kind of like Alberta, actually.
08:36Alberta?
08:37No, it's Manitoba.
08:38Secondly, this is the flag of the former rulers of which city,
08:41now a national capital?
08:42The flag's overwhelming complexity defeats its purpose,
08:46according to the pamphlet.
08:46I'm afraid I have no clue.
08:48I have no idea.
08:50I've got a 190 chance or so.
08:52No, I remember.
08:54Damascus.
08:54No, it's Tunis.
08:56And finally, this Native American nation and reservation,
08:59whose flag is said to overwhelm the viewer
09:00with its over 20 graphic elements.
09:03Oh, my goodness.
09:04Oh, is that an oil thing?
09:06So, like, this could be the Osage,
09:08because, like, kills the flammy.
09:09Yeah, that's really close.
09:10Osage?
09:10No, bad, it's a Navajo nation.
09:12Let's start the question.
09:14Most numerous in Iraq, Iran and India,
09:17the Christian grouping known as Church of the East,
09:20or Assyrian Christians,
09:21are also known by what name?
09:23Edinburgh Ishua.
09:24The Cyril Malabar Church.
09:25I'm afraid you'll lose five points.
09:27After a 5th century bishop of Constantinople,
09:29condemned by the Council of Ephesus in 431,
09:32for his theological views,
09:33their missionaries were briefly influential
09:35at the court of Tang Dynasty, China.
09:38Manchester Merchwick.
09:39Nestorian.
09:39It is the Nestorians.
09:40Yes, well done.
09:42Your bonuses, Manchester,
09:43are on director Paul Schrader's diagram
09:45of notable non-narrative filmmakers
09:47that he created for his 1972 book,
09:50Transcendental Style in Film.
09:52Which director lends his name to a ring on the diagram,
09:55beyond which Schrader claims that a director, quote,
09:58is no longer making cinema for a paying audience,
10:00he's making it for institutions.
10:02This director's film, Solaris,
10:03was released the same year as Schrader's book.
10:06Tarkovsky?
10:07Yes.
10:08Are you sure?
10:08OK, Tarkovsky.
10:09Correct.
10:10Amongst the directors placed in the art gallery section
10:12of the diagram is which American experimental filmmaker
10:15whose works include Mothlight and Dog Star Man?
10:22I've not seen this.
10:23Do you have a guess?
10:27Is that OK if not?
10:28No, sorry.
10:29Sam Moore.
10:30No, Stan Brackage.
10:31Which Belgian director does Schrader locate
10:33midway between the diagram centre
10:35and the section labelled the surveillance cam?
10:38Her 1975 film, Jeanne Diehlmann,
10:40was named the greatest film of all time
10:41by a 2022 BFI poll.
10:43Dominic Power.
10:44Chantel Ackerman.
10:45Yes, it is.
10:45Well done.
10:46Let's start the question.
10:47What adjective is used specifically
10:49to describe all of the following?
10:51In quantum mechanics,
10:52a state within a system
10:53that has equal energy
10:55with one or more other states...
10:57Manchester Madrid degenerate.
10:58It is degenerate.
10:59Well done.
10:59Your bonus is then.
11:00We have three questions on places
11:01and characters from Greek mythology
11:03that share a name element.
11:05Hippomenes, also known as Melanion,
11:07beat which fleet-footed hunter
11:09in a race by distracting her
11:11with golden apples provided by Aphrodite?
11:13It could be Atalanta or Electra.
11:17No, not Electra.
11:18Atalanta, I feel.
11:19That's way off of what I was thinking.
11:20What were you going to say?
11:21I have no idea, actually.
11:22Are you sure?
11:22Yeah.
11:23Atalanta?
11:23Yes.
11:24Which queen, the second wife of Theseus,
11:26was cursed by Aphrodite
11:27to fall in love with her stepson, Hippolytus?
11:29He rejected her,
11:30setting in motion a chain of events
11:32leading to both of their deaths.
11:33A shared element.
11:35Yeah.
11:36Like, so, something ending in...
11:37Yeah.
11:39I don't know.
11:40I don't think anyone else.
11:42Hippolytus, like...
11:43I have a friend.
11:44I'm going to just pass.
11:44Pass.
11:45Sphedra.
11:46Finally,
11:46the hippocrene on Mount Helicon
11:48was a spring sacred
11:49to which mythological grouping?
11:52Oh, it could be the muses.
11:53But the shared element,
11:54is that OK?
11:54Well, the hippo is the shared element.
11:56So, the muses?
11:57The muses.
11:57Yes, it is.
11:58Well done.
11:59Let's start with a question.
12:00Of which poet,
12:01born in 1875,
12:03did William Gass write,
12:05Roses climbed his life
12:06as if he were their trellis?
12:07A number of his works
12:08concerned them,
12:09including the German language poems,
12:11The Centre of the Rose
12:12and The Bowl of Roses,
12:13a set of French language poems
12:15published posthumously
12:16his self-composed epitaph
12:17carved on his grave in valet
12:19and one of his sonnets
12:20to Orpheus.
12:21Manchester, Manchwick.
12:22Raina Maria Barilka.
12:23It is indeed, yes.
12:24Your bonuses are
12:26on the Second Crusade
12:27of 1147 to 1149.
12:29The Second Crusade
12:30was called
12:30in response to
12:31which crusader states
12:32captured by Zangi,
12:34governor of Mosul
12:35and Aleppo,
12:35ruled by Jocelyn II.
12:37It was the most northerly
12:38of those founded
12:39during the First Crusade.
12:40OK.
12:40I think Edessa
12:42for this.
12:43Yeah?
12:44Edessa.
12:44Yes.
12:45Pope Eugenius III
12:46commissioned which
12:47Cistercian abbot,
12:48later a saint,
12:49to preach the crusade,
12:50which he notably did
12:51at Veselae
12:52before King Louis VII
12:53and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
12:55This sounds like
12:55Bernard of Clevo.
12:57Bernard of Clevo.
12:57Yes.
12:58Following a council
12:59held near Acre,
13:00the crusaders
13:01made the doomed decision
13:02to attack which city
13:03instead of Edessa.
13:04Previously allied
13:05with Jerusalem
13:06against Aleppo,
13:07the city received
13:08support from
13:08their former enemies,
13:10the siege was abandoned
13:10and the crusade
13:11disintegrated soon after.
13:13What else is around there?
13:15Antiochus?
13:15Yeah, I don't know.
13:17Antioch?
13:17No, it's Damascus.
13:18Let's start the question.
13:20Music round now.
13:20And for your music starter,
13:21you're going to hear
13:22an extract from an opera.
13:24For ten points,
13:24I need you to name
13:25its composer.
13:51No, you can hear
13:52a bit more Manchester
13:52but not that much
13:53and you certainly can't confer.
13:57Manchester, Faulkner.
13:58Mussorgsky.
13:59No, it's Wagner.
14:00We'll take your music bonuses
14:01when we get the next starter right.
14:03What single word term
14:04is used in anthropology
14:05and archaeology
14:06for the ancestral culture
14:08of the Inuit people
14:09and is taken from the name
14:10of a settlement in Greenland
14:12where the first archaeological
14:13remains of the culture
14:14were discovered?
14:15The settlement itself
14:16was named after the land
14:17believed by Greco-Roman
14:18geographers
14:19to be the northernmost
14:20in the world.
14:21Is it...
14:21Edinburgh Amjass.
14:23Yes, it is.
14:24Well done.
14:25For your music stars,
14:26you heard the finale
14:27to Wagner's The Valkyrie
14:28in which the god Wotan
14:29summons a ring of fire.
14:31For your bonuses then,
14:32Edinburgh,
14:33three more representations
14:33of fire in classical music.
14:35In each case,
14:36I need you to name
14:37the composer
14:37of the piece you hear.
14:39First, this composer.
14:51What is some fire?
14:53We should...
14:54Things.
14:54If we don't know,
14:55it's...
14:56What do you think of this?
14:58Is that Russia?
15:00Could be...
15:01Charles Stravinsky?
15:02Stravinsky.
15:03No, it's Sean Sibelius.
15:04That's the origin of fire.
15:05Secondly,
15:06this Russian composer...
15:10It's Scriabin, is it?
15:12Is it Scriabin?
15:13Go with it, go with it.
15:15You've got nothing else, yeah?
15:16No, you go with it.
15:16Nominee Amjad.
15:17Scriabin?
15:17Yes.
15:18Prometheus,
15:18The Poem of Fire.
15:19Lastly.
15:23What other fire things have we got?
15:25Like with firebird cow?
15:27I don't know if I was...
15:28It's not the firebird.
15:28This is for me.
15:30Rimsky-Korsakov,
15:31maybe?
15:32Or French?
15:33Go with that.
15:34Rimsky-Korsakov?
15:35No, that's Manuel de Fire with Ritual Fire Dance.
15:38Let's start a question.
15:39In 2018,
15:40which video game won the inaugural BAFTA Games Award
15:43for Game Beyond Entertainment,
15:44which recognises games that, quote,
15:46raise awareness,
15:47engage with real-world problems,
15:48or make the world a better place?
15:50This game,
15:51a sequel to which was released in 2024,
15:54centres on a Celtic warrior
15:55who embarks on a journey to hell
15:57to retrieve the soul of her dead lover
15:58and was widely praised
16:00for its realistic depiction of psychosis.
16:05No, I'll tell you.
16:06It's Hellblade Senor's Sacrifice.
16:07Let's start the question.
16:09On New Year's Day 1966,
16:10in what country was the government
16:12of President David Dacco
16:13overthrown in an overnight coup d'etat
16:16led by his cousin,
16:17Colonel Jean Bedell Bocassa,
16:18who would later...
16:19Manchester, Manchewick, C-A-R.
16:21It is.
16:22Yes, we accept that.
16:23Your bonuses, then, Manchester,
16:25are three questions on a hypothesis.
16:27First advanced by Georg Cantor in 1878,
16:30what name is given to the hypothesis
16:31that posits that there is no set
16:33whose cardinality is an intermediate value
16:36between the cardinality of the integers
16:37and that of the real numbers?
16:40This is too mathsy for me.
16:42I can tell you.
16:43The counting hypothesis.
16:45No, it's the continuum hypothesis.
16:47In order to prove
16:48the continuum hypothesis's independence
16:50from Zermelo-Frankel's set theory,
16:52mathematician Paul Cohen
16:53developed what technique
16:55in which expanded theoretical universes
16:57are created that satisfy certain properties?
17:01Well, that kind of sounds like many worlds,
17:04but this isn't quantum.
17:05Yeah.
17:06I don't know.
17:07I've never read this.
17:09Many worlds.
17:10No, it's forcing.
17:11Kurt Gödel proved the compatibility
17:13of the continuum hypothesis
17:14with Zermelo-Frankel's set theory
17:16and did the same for which axiom,
17:18first formulated by Ernst Zermelo
17:20himself in 1904?
17:22Have they already said
17:22the axiom of choice?
17:24No.
17:24OK.
17:25Axiom of choice.
17:26It is the axiom of choice.
17:27Well done.
17:28Let's start the question.
17:29What historic county was,
17:31along with Shetland and Orkney,
17:33the only entirely insular county in Scotland?
17:35That is, it had no territory
17:37on mainland Britain.
17:38Located in the Firth of Clyde,
17:40it consisted of the Cumbres,
17:42the larger island of Arran,
17:43and the county's namesake island,
17:45which is now part of a...
17:46Manchester Dixon.
17:48High Island Butte.
17:49No, I'm afraid you'll lose five points.
17:51Formed by its merger
17:51with the neighbouring historic county of Argyll.
17:55Edinburgh M.
17:56Butte.
17:56It is Butte, yes.
17:58Bad luck, Kirsty.
17:59Argyll and Butte is the name
18:00of the modern council area,
18:01but as the question said,
18:02we're after the historic county,
18:04which is Butte or Butteshire.
18:06Your bonuses, Edinburgh,
18:07are on sociological terms,
18:09all three of which begin
18:10with the same letter.
18:11Give each from the definition.
18:13First, a term popularised
18:14by Emil Durkheim
18:15to indicate a breakdown
18:16in social conditions and norms.
18:18He employed it particularly
18:19in relation to his study of suicide.
18:22It's not anarchy, is it?
18:23No.
18:24No, it's...
18:25Despair?
18:27We should just go with an answer.
18:30Disintegration?
18:31Disintegration.
18:32Anomi.
18:32Secondly,
18:33an Arabic term
18:34for a kind of social solidarity
18:35or cohesion
18:36dependent on group unity.
18:38In his Muqaddimah,
18:39Ibn Khaldun states
18:41that its presence
18:41was an important factor
18:42in the formation of large states.
18:44Have we got anything?
18:45No.
18:45We should pass.
18:47Pass.
18:47Asabia.
18:48Finally,
18:49status indicators
18:49such as lineage or disability
18:51over which individuals
18:52have little to no control.
18:53It is often contrasted
18:55with achieved status.
18:57Oh,
18:57like a...
18:58I don't know.
18:59It has a...
18:59Is it ascribed?
19:00Ascribed?
19:01Ascribed, yeah.
19:01Ascribed status?
19:02It is ascribed status.
19:04What six-letter word
19:05could be found
19:06at the end
19:07of all of the following?
19:08The name of an avant-garde
19:10hip-hop group
19:10behind the 2017 album
19:12Red Burns.
19:13The title of a 1972
19:14Miles Davis album
19:15featuring the tracks
19:16Black Satin
19:17and One and One
19:18inspired by composer
19:19Karl-Heinz Stockhausen
19:21and the title
19:22of a 2003
19:23Mercury Prize winning album
19:24whose lead single
19:25I Love You
19:26marked the UK
19:27chart debut
19:28of its artist
19:29Dizzy Rascal.
19:31Manchester Dixon.
19:33Knights?
19:34No.
19:34Anyone from Edinburgh
19:35you may not confer?
19:36Edinburgh Amjet.
19:37Corner?
19:37It is Corner.
19:38Well done.
19:39Your bonuses
19:40Edinburgh
19:40are on Zimbabwe.
19:42In 1965,
19:43in order to preserve
19:43white minority rule
19:44in southern Rhodesia,
19:45the unilateral
19:46declaration of independence
19:48from Britain
19:48was made by the
19:49Rhodesian Front government
19:50led by whom?
19:52Oh.
19:53Anything.
19:53I don't know.
19:54Pass.
19:54Ian Smith.
19:55Following conflict
19:56between the unrecognised state
19:57and a coalition
19:58of African liberation parties,
20:00the 1979
20:01Lancaster House Agreement
20:02saw Britain
20:03temporarily retake control
20:05of the country
20:05in preparation
20:06for free elections.
20:08Which party,
20:09led by Robert Mugabe,
20:10would win those elections
20:11in 1980?
20:12I don't know,
20:13like Zimbabwean
20:13Liberation Front
20:14or something like that.
20:15Yeah, I don't know.
20:16Liberation Party.
20:17Yeah.
20:18Zimbabwe Liberation Party.
20:20No, Mugabe led
20:20the ZANU-PF.
20:21Beginning in 1983,
20:23Gukuru-Hundi
20:23was a violent
20:24military crackdown
20:25on supporters
20:25of the Zappu Party
20:27who had largely drawn
20:28from what ethnic group
20:29related to the Zulu
20:30and the second largest
20:31in Zimbabwe?
20:32They are found
20:33mainly in the west
20:33of the country,
20:34centred around Bulawayo
20:35but also in South Africa
20:36and Botswana.
20:37Shona.
20:38Shona.
20:39Shona.
20:40It's Shona.
20:40What did you say, Johnny?
20:41It's Shona.
20:42I think it's Shona
20:43if it's Botswana.
20:44I'll nominate each one.
20:45Shona.
20:45No, the Shona
20:46are the largest
20:46ethnic group in Zimbabwe.
20:47It's the Ndebele.
20:48Now start the question.
20:49It's a picture round now.
20:50For your picture starter,
20:51you're going to see
20:51a still from a short film.
20:54For ten points,
20:54name the filmmaker
20:56in the picture.
20:59Manchester Magic.
21:00Werner Herzog.
21:00That is Werner Herzog, yes.
21:02That was Werner Herzog
21:04in the 1980 film
21:05Werner Herzog
21:06Eats His Shoe,
21:07made as a response
21:07to the success
21:08of the Errol Morris film
21:09Gates of Heaven.
21:11For your picture bonuses
21:11then, Manchester,
21:12you're going to see stills
21:13from three more films,
21:14all documentaries directed
21:15by Werner Herzog.
21:17From here,
21:17I'll need the title
21:18of each film for the points.
21:20First, this film
21:21from 1997.
21:22Um, oh gosh.
21:25Do you have anything, Ray?
21:26No, I should know.
21:27I'm really sorry.
21:28It doesn't matter.
21:28Pass.
21:29It's Little Dieter
21:30Needs to Fly.
21:30Next, this film
21:31from 2007.
21:34What's the one
21:34you did in Antarctica?
21:36Oh, oh my gosh.
21:37It's the one
21:38where he talks about
21:38The Depressed Penguin.
21:40Yeah, we spoke about
21:42this tremendous amount.
21:44Come on.
21:45Pass.
21:46Encounters at the end
21:47of the world.
21:47Finally, this film
21:48from 2005.
21:50That's Grizzly Man.
21:50Yes.
21:51Grizzly Man.
21:51Yes.
21:52Let's start the question.
21:53The Arabic term
21:54Dibs Rouman
21:55and the Farsi term
21:56Rob E. Anna
21:57both refer to
21:58a thick, sweet, sour,
21:59dark, purplish-red syrup.
22:02Pomegranate.
22:03It is indeed.
22:03Your bonuses
22:04are on the German
22:05chemist
22:06Ida Nodak.
22:07In addition to being
22:08the first scientist
22:09to propose the idea
22:10later known as
22:10nuclear fission,
22:11Nodak also discovered
22:12which element
22:13alongside Otto Berg
22:14and her husband Walter.
22:16It was the last
22:16naturally occurring element
22:17to be discovered
22:18having a stable isotope.
22:20Quick.
22:21Stable isotope.
22:22So, bismuth.
22:23Bismuth.
22:24That's rhenium.
22:25Though the Nodaks
22:25and Berg initially isolated
22:27only a very small amount
22:28of rhenium,
22:28production soon expanded
22:29due to rhenium's
22:30regular presence
22:30in an ore
22:31of what metal?
22:33Mercury?
22:34I don't know.
22:35Mercury.
22:35Melibdenum.
22:36When the Nodaks and Berg
22:37discovered rhenium,
22:38they also identified
22:38an unnamed element 43,
22:41which is now known
22:41by what name,
22:42taken from the fact
22:43that Emilio Segre
22:44and Carlo Perrier...
22:45Numerichua.
22:45Technerium.
22:46Technetium.
22:47Yes, it is.
22:47Well done.
22:47Let's start with a question.
22:49What specific type
22:50of isomerism
22:51is displayed
22:51by the chemical
22:52carvone,
22:53which smells like
22:54either spearmint
22:55or caraway seeds,
22:56depending on whether
22:56the R or S isomer
22:58is predominant?
22:59This type of isomerism
23:01is defined
23:01as two molecules
23:02that are non-superimposable.
23:04Manchester Dixon.
23:06Stereo isomerism.
23:08No, I'm afraid
23:08you lose five points.
23:09Non-superimposable
23:10mirror images
23:11of one another.
23:13Edinburgh Richards.
23:14Chirality?
23:15No, it's enantiomers
23:17or optical isomers
23:18that I needed to hear.
23:19Kirstie, again,
23:20bad luck,
23:20but stereo isomer
23:21is just too general.
23:22Let's start the question.
23:24Poems entitled
23:25Pharaoh,
23:26The Panther,
23:27The Ruin
23:27and The Seafarer,
23:29as well as over 90 riddles
23:30written in...
23:31Manchester Manchwick.
23:32The Exeter book.
23:33Yes, that's correct.
23:33Well done.
23:34Your bonuses are
23:35on the two
23:35UNESCO World Heritage
23:36properties dedicated
23:37to the Silk Road.
23:39The easternmost site
23:40of the two properties
23:41is in which city,
23:42the oldest
23:42of the ancient
23:43capitals of China?
23:44It lies approximately
23:44320 kilometres
23:46east of Xi'an.
23:48Kaifeng, maybe?
23:50Yeah, sure.
23:51Kaifeng?
23:52No, it's Luoyang.
23:53The westernmost site
23:54of the two properties
23:55is a ruined minaret
23:56located in Turkmenistan,
23:58approximately 28 kilometres
23:59north of the ruins
24:00of which ancient
24:01oasis city,
24:02once a capital
24:03of Horasan
24:04and itself
24:04a UNESCO World Heritage
24:05site?
24:06I think this is Merv.
24:08Sure.
24:08Merv?
24:09Yes.
24:09The name of one
24:10of the properties
24:10references the route
24:12along which mountain
24:13range that forms
24:14the northern boundary
24:14of the Tarim Basin?
24:16Its name means
24:17Celestial Mountains.
24:19It's like in Altai
24:21is around there,
24:22I suppose.
24:25Altai?
24:25No, it's Tian Shan.
24:27Let's start a question.
24:28I need the name
24:29of a political figure here.
24:31Nationalism,
24:31populism,
24:32republicanism,
24:33reformism,
24:34statism
24:34and secularism
24:35are the so-called
24:36six arrows.
24:38Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
24:40Well done,
24:40it is indeed.
24:41Your bonuses are
24:42on subjects of paintings
24:43by Jean-Michel Basquiat.
24:45Basquiat's 1982 work
24:46The Guilt of Gold Teeth
24:48depicts a black-clad figure
24:49with a tall black hat
24:50and a skull face,
24:51usually understood
24:52to be a representation
24:53of which figure
24:54in Haitian voodoo?
24:55The Master of the Dead.
24:56Well,
24:58I can...
24:59Is that Papa Legba
25:00is from Haitian voodoo?
25:02Definitely.
25:03What's his name?
25:03Papa Legba?
25:04No, that's Baron Samadie.
25:06A 1983 work by Basquiat
25:07is titled
25:08Toussaint Louverture
25:09versus
25:10Which Italian Preacher
25:11and Religious Reformer?
25:12A powerful figure
25:13in Florence
25:13in the late 1400s,
25:15his sermons
25:15railing against impiety,
25:17corruption and luxury
25:18led to public bonfires
25:19of the vanities in that city?
25:20It's the Bonfire of the Vanities guy.
25:22His name is...
25:24Savon...
25:24Savon...
25:25Savon...
25:26Savon...
25:26Savonarola?
25:27Yeah.
25:28What?
25:28Savonarola?
25:29Yes.
25:29The 1981 work
25:31Bird on Money
25:32pays tribute
25:32to which jazz saxophonist
25:33born in Kansas City
25:35in 1920?
25:36Uh...
25:36Oh, is it not just
25:38going to be like
25:39Bird?
25:40Bird?
25:40Yeah.
25:41Charlie Parker.
25:41Charlie Parker.
25:42Charlie Parker.
25:43Yes, well done.
25:43Let's start with the question.
25:44Found in the Swiss canton
25:46of Valais,
25:47what is the highest mountain
25:48in the Alps
25:49to be located
25:49entirely within
25:50the borders
25:51of a single country?
25:52Its three-letter name
25:54is also the German word
25:55for cathedral.
25:58Edinburgh Richardson.
25:59Yes.
26:00Your bonuses
26:01are on international borders.
26:02For each bonus,
26:03you'll hear a list
26:03of countries,
26:04all of which have
26:05land borders
26:06with the same number
26:06of countries.
26:07In each case,
26:08I want that number.
26:09First,
26:10Benin,
26:10Thailand,
26:11Lithuania,
26:12Guatemala.
26:13Three?
26:14Did you say three?
26:15Three?
26:16Three.
26:16Four.
26:17Secondly,
26:17Uganda,
26:18Uzbekistan,
26:18Slovakia,
26:19Bolivia.
26:20Now the guy,
26:21Edinburgh 105
26:21with Manchester
26:22at 145.
26:29Oh,
26:30Edinburgh.
26:30It's so nice
26:31to see you guys
26:32applaud each other
26:32because I know
26:33it must hurt
26:33like hell.
26:34I mean,
26:35you saved your first
26:36and only defeat
26:36for the final,
26:37which is kind of
26:38a classy way
26:39to go,
26:39really.
26:40if you'd have
26:40said when you're
26:41applying for this,
26:42you know,
26:42six or eight months
26:43ago that you're
26:43going to get to
26:44the final,
26:44I think you'd have
26:44said that sounds
26:45pretty cool,
26:45right?
26:46It's insane.
26:47We never expected
26:47to get this far.
26:48Have you enjoyed
26:48the experience?
26:49Have you found it?
26:50Yeah.
26:50I mean,
26:50it's in Korea.
26:51Wonderful.
26:52We've loved getting
26:52to know you.
26:53Manchester,
26:54you're a university
26:54challenge.
26:54Are you going to cry,
26:55Kai?
26:56My goodness,
26:56you can if you like.
26:57I'm in disbelief.
26:58You're a university
26:59challenge champions.
27:00How does it feel?
27:01I didn't think
27:01I'd make the team.
27:05I'm pleased with
27:06every single member
27:06of the team.
27:07I really am.
27:08Well,
27:09it's time now
27:09to present the trophy
27:10to this year's
27:11winning team
27:11from Manchester.
27:16For the presentation
27:17of the trophy,
27:18we've come here
27:19to the incredible
27:20Clapham Grand,
27:21which opened in 1900
27:22as a palace of varieties.
27:25Appropriately enough
27:26for our trophy presenter,
27:27whose long
27:28and very distinguished
27:29career is nothing
27:30if not varied.
27:31In the theatre,
27:32she's collaborated
27:32with directors
27:33including Mark Rylance,
27:35Tony Richardson
27:35and frequently
27:36Sir Peter Hall
27:37and she's toured the world
27:38with her one-woman show
27:40on Dickens' women.
27:41She won a BAFTA
27:42for the Age of Innocence
27:43directed by Martin Scorsese
27:45and in 2002
27:46she received an OBE
27:47for her services to drama.
27:49But we're proud to say
27:50that her first screen appearance
27:52was as a contestant
27:54on University Challenge
27:55back in 1963
27:57when Bamba Gascoigne
27:58was asked if he could tell
27:59which of the students
28:01appearing on the series
28:01would go on
28:02to achieve great things.
28:03He said no.
28:04He could never tell
28:05except once.
28:06The only student
28:08he was certain
28:09would go on
28:09to great things
28:10was Miriam Margulies.
28:12So to present the trophy
28:14to this year's
28:14series champions
28:15please welcome
28:16Miriam Margulies.
28:20Come on in Miriam.
28:23Miriam how are you?
28:24Well done.
28:25Well done.
28:26Yeah they were fantastic too.
28:28They were.
28:28They were absolutely fantastic.
28:30I mentioned a TV appearance
28:32six and a bit decades ago.
28:33Do you remember
28:34coming on University Challenge?
28:36Oh yes I do.
28:37Of course I do.
28:38What was it like?
28:38I rather blotted
28:39my copy book.
28:41You've got a habit
28:42of doing that.
28:42What did you do?
28:43Yeah I know.
28:44What did you do?
28:45I got a question wrong
28:47and I said
28:48the F word.
28:50Yeah.
28:51Do you ever watch
28:51the show these days?
28:53I do.
28:54Yes I do.
28:54And the standard
28:55as you've seen
28:55from the final
28:56the standard
28:56is still incredibly high.
28:59Terrifying.
29:00You're a genius
29:02of course.
29:04I mean really
29:05you were up against it
29:06weren't you with that?
29:07Yeah but these guys
29:08put in a phenomenal performance.
29:10I know.
29:10But we do have winners
29:11and it's your solemn
29:13and wonderful duty
29:14to give this to the winning
29:15captain from Manchester
29:16Kai Madrick.
29:18What a pleasure
29:20to give this to you
29:22but to all of you.
29:23You were brilliant.
29:25Especially you.
29:27LAUGHTER
29:29So well done.
29:30I can't shake hands
29:31with you
29:31because I'm frightened
29:32I'll drop it.
29:33Thank you so much.
29:35Look at your nails.
29:38Bravo!
29:40Bravo.
29:43Well it only remains
29:44for me to congratulate
29:45once more both teams
29:46on a fantastic final match.
29:48Many thanks to Miriam Margulies
29:49for presenting
29:50this year's trophy
29:51and thank you
29:52for watching.
29:53University Challenge
29:53returns in a few months.
29:54We very much hope
29:55that you will join us then.
29:57Good night.
29:57Come on, everybody.
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