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00:01medieval warriors with a sacred calling the Knights Templar are engaged in a holy wall trained as
00:11monks with a license to kill this is a crazy multi-day slaughter destined to change the
00:19course of history the Templars are such an awesome force and they bring such terror these
00:25are people who know how to fight warriors aren't born they're built understanding how reveals the true
00:44nature of their greatness from the cradle to the grave these are the steps to creating
00:52history's greatest warriors
01:06the Knights Templar committed to their faith equally devoted to wars the Templars are the fighting
01:19force of the church they are retaking control of the Holy Land protecting pilgrims protecting
01:25religious sites they are monks as well as warriors the Templar Knight can fight without fear if he's
01:33killed in battle then his place in heaven is assured and those battles the Templars are a part of it's
01:39some of the most brutal and bloody combat of the Middle Ages the Templars are shrouded in mystery to a
01:48degree they are loyal to an ideal that makes them create the greatest of warriors the journey to
01:56becoming a Templar Knight will require years of training and devotion to his mission the mounted
02:03warrior must become expert with the most devastating weapons of his age he must defeat his enemy with bold tactics
02:12even when vastly outnumbered this path to greatness traces its origins back to the first crusade
02:24the Knights Templar are a medieval military order they dedicate themselves to the defense of the Holy Land in the
02:31aftermath of the first crusade in the first crusade the Latin church encourages European rulers to reconquer the
02:39Holy Land what is today Israel and Palestine this area had been under Islamic control since the seventh century the
02:50crusading armies are joined by Christian pilgrims the Christian faithful all over Europe want to come
02:57to the Holy Land they want to see where Jesus was born where he died where he was resurrected they
03:06have to do this
03:07pilgrimage in order to redeem themselves repentance for big sins that they've committed and in about 1099 Jerusalem
03:14falls to the Christians by 1099 the Crusaders take control of the Holy Land and conquer the city of Jerusalem
03:23but their
03:24hold is tenuous and religious conflict continues from a Muslim point of view Jerusalem is under Crusader control this is
03:35an
03:35insult to the prophet on the Christian side Jerusalem must stay under Christian control it's the birthplace of Jesus so
03:44both sides have completely entrenched religious positions as a result Christian pilgrims remain
03:52subject to constant attacks the control of that region is very minimal it's basically these fortified positions once
04:00you go out to the roads it becomes very dangerous there are robbers there are highwaymen neighboring Muslim
04:07armies the road from Jerusalem to Jericho is known as the ascent of blood because this is an incredibly perilous
04:16route for the pilgrims
04:18they're not just robbing you they're murdering you the roads into Jerusalem are littered with the bleached skeletons of pilgrims
04:28who have been totally ransacked everything taken and their bodies cast to one side
04:33one especially violent incident shocks all of Christendom
04:42in 1119 there is a devastating attack on Christian pilgrims
04:48you have this group of 700 pilgrims traveling from Jerusalem to the Jordan River this is where Jesus was baptized
04:56this is a holy river and these pilgrims are attacked 300 are killed and then 400 going to slavery it
05:07is the spark that incites one warrior to create one of history's most notorious fighters the Knights Template
05:22Hugh Dupin is a knight from France he is traveling in the holy land and he sees that pilgrims are
05:30dying and he wants to do something about it
05:36Hugh goes to the king of Jerusalem with an idea of creating this order of holy warriors
05:43King Baldwin II needs all the help he can get so he receives this idea with open arms
05:51the official mission of the Knights Templar is to protect pilgrims on the roads into Jerusalem
05:59the order starts small
06:05Hugh Dupin organized nine men and this was the beginning
06:10King Baldwin II gives them a headquarters which they believe is the original Temple of Solomon
06:16and this gives them their name the poor fellow soldiers of Christ and the Temple of Solomon and nobody wants
06:22that entire mouthful so they just call them the Templars
06:26and for the first 10 years they don't really grow very much maybe to 30 at the max
06:34then at 1128 Pope Honorius II grants
06:39a papal sanction to the Knights Templar
06:41declaring them to be an army of God
06:44when the Templars hears that this has happened
06:47this is the catalyst that helps take them from a small obscure group of Knights to a fighting force that
06:53can tip the balance of power in the Holy Land
06:56but only the select few have what it takes to be a Templar
07:07recruits initially come from Europe's elite families men already trained as skilled and deadly fighters
07:14they are members of the nobility who already start out as knights they are trained as knights from the time
07:20that they are young men
07:21the offer by the Pope and by the church to young men all over Europe is if you join the
07:29Knights Templar
07:30the slate is wiped clean
07:32and you also have a fast track into heaven into eternal glory
07:38and it's after that a lot of people want to join
07:43but becoming a Templar requires more
07:47each candidate must take holy vows
07:49including one demanding celibacy
07:52it's a big decision
07:53you are giving yourself entirely to this order
07:57you will not control your own life anymore
08:03the decision to join the order
08:05is marked by a sacred ceremony
08:10you go before the superior brothers in the order
08:14and you recite these vows
08:17you take a vow of poverty
08:18of chastity
08:19of obedience
08:20but on top of that
08:21the Templars take an additional vow
08:23to fight for the Holy Land
08:25the key moment
08:27is when they receive
08:28the kiss of peace
08:30the kiss of peace
08:32is something
08:33that has enormous
08:35religious significance
08:38and this is a very very normal thing
08:41for the Middle Ages
08:42it is a way of sealing a deal
08:44whether it's fealty to a king
08:46or joining an order like the Templars
08:49once you take this vow
08:50you're committed to it
08:51because once you do become a Templar
08:53there's no giving it up
08:54there is only one way out of the Templar order
08:56and that is death
08:58as their fame increases
09:00so too does their wealth
09:04when the European elites
09:06hear what these knights are doing
09:08they start making material donations
09:10to these knights
09:11now this is in the form of land
09:13this is in the form of castles
09:15wealth and power increases
09:17manpower increases
09:18influence increases
09:20by the middle of the 12th century
09:22they're one of the wealthiest
09:23and most powerful orders
09:25really institutions
09:26in Christendom
09:27but that's not the whole story
09:30a mercenary fights for money
09:33but a soldier who's truly effective
09:35is fighting for the homeland
09:37or for king and country
09:39or for God
09:40in the case of the Knights Templar
09:42and you don't get a much higher ideal
09:44than God
09:45the Templar warrior's mission
09:48requires courage
09:49sacrifice
09:50and training
09:52for the brutal battles
09:54that will be waged
09:55for the Holy Land
10:03building knights
10:04capable of thriving
10:05in some of the most brutal combat
10:07of the Middle Ages
10:08doesn't happen by accident
10:15how do the Templars
10:17consistently create
10:18excellent warriors
10:19how do they become
10:20the elite of the elite knights
10:22it's their discipline
10:23it's their dedication
10:24to this cause
10:25it's also a written code of conduct
10:28that eventually includes
10:31609 articles
10:36the Latin rule is kind of the guidebook
10:39for the Templars
10:40which is an exhaustive description
10:42of how warrior monks
10:44should conduct their lives
10:46conduct battle
10:47and live from day to day
10:49it's their warrior code
10:50so not only are you
10:52vowing to live as a monk
10:54but you're also
10:55vowing that you're gonna fight
10:57every new recruit
10:58entering the Templars
10:59is from European nobility
11:01trained in elite fighting skills
11:03since their youth
11:05if you come from the knightly elite
11:07you come from the nobility
11:08you are learning to become a knight
11:10your whole life
11:11from the time you're a kid
11:12you're first learning to put armor on
11:14you're learning to use these weapons
11:15so by the time you're an adult
11:17you will have quite a lot of military training
11:21you cannot separate the warrior from the monk
11:25and this is what makes the Templar very unique
11:28and it involves a kind of spiritual transformation
11:32so there's a change in the mindset that has to happen
11:39the knight Templar is faced with a grueling daily routine
11:42which includes hours and hours of prayer
11:46and the rest of the time is spent in preparing armament
11:50looking after the horses
11:52this was a rigorous life
11:54they are drilling
11:56they're protecting pilgrims
11:58and all the time there's the next set of prayers coming up
12:02so it is a really grueling Spartan existence
12:06it is a very austere life
12:08and at the end of it
12:09it is probably going to end in martyrdom
12:14the Templar has one crucial mission
12:16protect the Holy Land
12:18and the Christians who come to worship there
12:21to do so
12:22he must learn to survive combat
12:25in that unforgiving and deadly terrain
12:30until you actually are in the Holy Land
12:32you can't be fully prepared
12:34for the type of warfare you're going to experience
12:38you're in extreme heat
12:40you're in very dusty, dry conditions
12:46and you can be campaigning for hours
12:49and for even days on end
12:52you may not have access to food
12:54you may not have access to water
12:55and you are also susceptible to diseases
12:59that you may never have encountered before
13:02and that are going to kill you
13:05heatstroke is a persistent enemy
13:09thirst is a big killer
13:13one notorious battle against the fierce Muslim leader Saladin
13:17illustrates why Templars must be built to withstand extreme conditions
13:23Saladin is the sultan of both Egypt and large portions of Syria
13:27he really has an empire that kind of surrounds the crusader states
13:32he can field these massive armies
13:34he can field armies, you know, 20, 30,000 men
13:37which is very big for the Middle Ages
13:40at the Battle of Hattin
13:41he lures the crusader army
13:44to a position where they're going to be cut off from water
13:47they spend a long night in agony
13:50their horses become exhausted and thirsty
13:54Saladin's troops start all these fires
13:57all around the position the crusaders are in
13:59by the time his forces really close in for the kill
14:02a lot of people are already collapsing and exhausted
14:11to avoid such chaos and defeat
14:14the new Templar trains with his brothers
14:16striving to become part of a disciplined and coordinated unit
14:21in the Middle Ages
14:22it's very rare that anyone has an army
14:24that's always together
14:25that they're feeding
14:26that they're training together
14:28usually people are called up to war
14:30you don't have an army that's worked together all the time
14:33and this is something that really gives them their strength
14:36I think it is the thing that makes them the most unique in the Middle Ages
14:40the Templars train for an innovative battlefield tactic
14:43known as the fighting box
14:46one of the things they find in the Holy Land
14:49is that Muslim forces are very good at hit and run tactics and attrition
14:53particularly on supply lines and baggage train
14:58so the crusaders developed this box tactic of moving across the land
15:03a bit like later ringed wagons to defend civilians
15:06to protect the baggage train
15:19the fighting box
15:20the fighting box is unique to the crusades
15:23it's a box of infantry
15:25around the cavalry
15:30they interlock their shields
15:32they stay in this tight formation
15:34and they surround the cavalry
15:36the advantage of the fighting box is
15:39this is a mobile formation
15:41which can keep your pilgrims safe
15:43but can also allow for a kind of opening up
15:47which facilitates a rapid charge toward the enemy
15:57it's a strategy employed by England's King Richard I
16:00in a notorious fight against Saladin
16:03along the Mediterranean Sea
16:05as Richard leads a crusader army away
16:08from the Christian stronghold of Acker
16:11Saladin's troops harass the crusader army
16:13dodging in and out
16:15and attacking the rear flank
16:16and this is something that Saladin does on purpose
16:19he wants to provoke the crusaders
16:21and get them to break formation
16:23but King Richard keeps his troops disciplined
16:26they're patiently waiting
16:27shielded on their right flank by the coastline
16:30the infantry protects the horses
16:33along the other three sides
16:34in a fighting box formation
16:37Saladin's archers blacken the sky with their arrows
16:41and this is kind of a crucial moment
16:42because Saladin thinks that he has the advantage
16:46but really King Richard is just waiting
16:49for the enemy to come closer
16:51it's at that point
16:53that some of Richard's cavalry
16:54see an opportunity
16:56and they charge
16:57and from there all hell breaks loose
17:02the infantry box opens
17:04and the crusader knights charge across the battlefield
17:07destroying half of Saladin's army
17:11this is a deadly route
17:14thanks in part to the fighting box
17:16and a huge victory for the crusaders
17:18what the Templars do
17:20is they turn the box
17:22the squadron
17:24into something that operates like a single unit
17:28so this box
17:31thunders across the battlefield
17:37the strength is training people
17:40not to think as individuals
17:42not to be on the battlefield
17:44as individuals
17:45not to be on the battlefield
17:46to seek personal glory
17:48but to seek the glory of God
17:51with hard work
17:53the Templar transforms physically
17:55spiritually
17:56and mentally
17:57honed into a new kind of warrior
18:00you'll need to deploy these skills
18:02with the right weapons
18:04and the Templars are equipped
18:06with the best that money can buy
18:11molded by faith
18:12and constant training
18:14the Knight Templar must now be armed
18:17with the best weapons
18:18and master them all
18:24to begin
18:25he must become one
18:27with a thousand pound beast of war
18:31four knights in the middle ages
18:33a horse is everything
18:35it is fundamental to knighthood
18:37what we need to remember
18:38about horses in the middle ages
18:40is that they are weapons themselves
18:41not only are they very heavy
18:43but they are trained to kick
18:45and stomp
18:46and bite
18:46and rear
18:47and they've been trained to
18:49deal with the
18:50horrors of the battlefield
18:52the sounds
18:53the sight
18:53the smells
18:54and they are able to do it
18:57by the middle of the 12th century
18:59the Templars are using such horses
19:01in holy wars
19:02as far away as the Iberian Peninsula
19:05and in the Holy Land
19:07the Order's increasing wealth
19:09provides them with stables
19:11of war horses
19:12that are housed
19:13at the Temple Mount itself
19:15for the Templars especially
19:17they're mounted knights
19:18they are a heavy cavalry
19:19and their horses
19:21are the key to them
19:22being successful
19:23in any military operation
19:27they have to make sure
19:28that they can fight
19:29on horseback
19:29and so this starts
19:31with the lance
19:37the lance is really
19:39the primary
19:40and most important
19:41weapon of the night
19:42the lance
19:42is what they deliver
19:44their heavy cavalry
19:45shot in charge with
19:47without the lance
19:48it wouldn't be possible
19:49because the lance
19:50is heavy
19:51the longer that you hold
19:52the lance down horizontal
19:53the less accurate
19:54you're going to be with it
19:55so you'll ride with the lance up
19:58as you get close
19:59you anticipate the moment of impact
20:00you bring the lance down
20:03then tucking it under the armpit
20:05and anchoring it in firm
20:08coupled with a very high saddle
20:10with front and rear
20:12either side of the rider
20:13this means that at the moment of impact
20:15all of the energy of the horse
20:17and the rider
20:19are delivered into one small point
20:22of that lance
20:23which means it will transfix
20:24and penetrate
20:25pretty much
20:26anything it hits
20:33any armor of the day
20:35can be penetrated
20:37by a lance
20:38delivered with the weight
20:39of a horse
20:39moving at speed
20:40behind it
20:43a poorly held lance
20:45or misguided strike
20:46could unseat the templar
20:48leaving him exposed
20:50on the battlefield
20:51it's something that requires
20:53enormous strength
20:55but it also requires precision
20:57you've got to know
20:58what's going to happen
20:59when you strike the enemy
21:01you could easily break
21:03your own bones
21:03you could dislocate your shoulder
21:05so you've got to really know
21:07how to use this weapon
21:08and how to not injure yourself
21:10in the process
21:11what happens when the lance
21:13enters the target
21:14if it breaks
21:15that's great
21:16you've penetrated the target
21:18you've taken out one enemy
21:19we have records
21:20of the lance
21:21going through
21:21an enemy target
21:23and then it having to be
21:24abandoned
21:24because you can't extract it
21:26certainly not when you're moving
21:27at speed on horseback
21:28so it's an incredibly powerful weapon
21:31and importantly
21:33the lance is long enough
21:34that it can outreach
21:35a lot of infantry
21:37standing on foot
21:38which means that
21:39in this era
21:40heavy cavalry
21:41dominate the battlefield
21:43this is really
21:44the glory golden age
21:46of heavy cavalry
21:48once he has mastered
21:50the lance
21:50the knight must also prepare
21:52to strike with a weapon
21:54that's more than mere steel
21:56it is a holy symbol
21:58of his faith
21:59his sword
22:07so the lance works
22:08fantastically
22:09when you're moving
22:10at speed
22:10but if you come
22:12to a standstill
22:13or you have lots of enemies
22:14all around you
22:15the lance can now
22:16become a liability
22:17because it's a fairly heavy
22:19fairly cumbersome weapon
22:20so in that case
22:21dropping the lance
22:22and going straight
22:23to the sword
22:24would be a fantastic option
22:28given the fact
22:29that the knights templar
22:30are on horseback
22:32and they're having
22:32to hold a shield
22:33at the same time
22:34they go for the arming sword
22:36something
22:37that is slightly lighter
22:39and that can be carried
22:41on horseback
22:43the type of sword
22:44used by templar knights
22:45is a one-handed
22:47double-edged
22:48cut and thrust sword
22:49it has a pommel
22:51which gives some degree
22:52of counterbalance
22:52to the blade
22:53which enables you
22:54to have quite a long blade
22:57to be able to reach
22:59an opponent on foot
23:00from horseback
23:00you need a fairly long blade
23:06it's excellent
23:07for a chopping type of attack
23:09or a stabbing type of attack
23:10the hacking motion
23:12it can really
23:13you know
23:13cut through the enemy
23:16as deadly as the armed knight
23:18has become
23:18one of his most vital
23:20pieces of equipment
23:21is for defensive purposes
23:23his state-of-the-art armor
23:35to be stabbed in battle
23:39can be even worse
23:40than being shot
23:41in our own modern day
23:43because what a sword
23:44does when it enters
23:46is to inflict
23:47a major trauma
23:49it may be that you simply
23:50bleed to death
23:51on the battlefield
23:54chainmail is specifically
23:55developed
23:56in order to prevent
23:57slashes from cutting
23:59into the body
23:59you're still going to get
24:00broken bones
24:01if you get hit very hard
24:02but you're not going to
24:03get those slashes
24:04that can cause cuts
24:06and infection
24:06and actually sever limbs
24:10it is heavy
24:11but if you grow up
24:12wearing this armor
24:12you're going to have
24:13a conditioning
24:14that adapts you to it
24:15and so it's going to feel
24:17like your second skin
24:18chainmail is really expensive
24:21but it's very effective
24:23at deflecting even dagger
24:26sword
24:27but particularly arrows
24:28coming at you
24:29and it's something
24:31that is really made
24:32specifically for you
24:34the templars are wealthy
24:35and they understand
24:36that without armor
24:37they would not be able
24:39to survive in these battlefields
24:41there are blacksmiths
24:42who are working with the order
24:43in the holy land
24:45repairing weapons
24:46repairing armor
24:47forging weapons
24:48and forging armor
24:51trained and armed
24:52it is time for the new
24:54templar knight
24:54to go into battle
25:07the new templar has become
25:09an elite warrior
25:10dedicated to protecting
25:12christian pilgrims
25:13and the holy land
25:14now it is time to meet
25:16the enemy
25:24siege combat
25:25is one of the many ways
25:27that templars are trained
25:28to fight
25:28once you climb over the wall
25:30they will find themselves
25:31in one-on-one combat
25:32the templars use siege engines
25:35to breach the walls
25:36of cities
25:36that have fallen
25:37into the hands
25:38of the muslim enemy
25:46at the siege of ascalon
25:48in 1153
25:49there's an almost
25:50suicidal charge
25:52by the knights
25:53templar
25:53into the city
25:54in a siege situation
25:56the knights
25:57are fighting
25:57on the walls
25:58and once that process
25:59takes place
26:00you're going to be fighting
26:01hand to hand
26:02with somebody
26:11the templar faces his adversary
26:14knowing this will be a fight
26:16to the death
26:18you fight with your eyes
26:23then your feet
26:25then your hands
26:26but your eyes
26:27have to be on the enemy
26:28you have to be almost
26:31like a cobra
26:32you're surveying everything
26:33nothing should take you
26:35by surprise
26:36his opponent's fighting style
26:39emphasizes speed
26:40over power
26:43there's a huge contrast
26:45between a knight templar
26:46and a saracen
26:50much more lightly armoured
26:53on the other side
26:54the knight templar
26:55really is a human tank
27:03the knight's lifetime
27:05of training
27:05has conditioned him
27:07to the weight of his armour
27:08chainmail isn't something
27:10that's cumbersome
27:11for a knight
27:11in fact
27:12it's something
27:13that puts them
27:14into a battle mentality
27:19a slash from the saracen sword
27:22could be deadly
27:26but the templar's chainmail
27:28absorbs and deflects
27:30his attack
27:35he pivots
27:37wielding his preferred weapon
27:39his arming sword
27:41the templars have this sword
27:44that's really designed
27:45for thrusting
27:46and parrying
27:47i mean it can have
27:48terrible effect
28:03even if you lose your sword
28:05even if you lose your sword
28:17during combat
28:19the shields
28:20the shields are kite shields
28:21they're made of wood
28:23and leather
28:23and the wood is hardened
28:25to be especially protective
28:27against mace blows
28:28and sword attack
28:32the templar is prepared
28:33for every eventuality
28:35he conceals a second blade
28:38they will have a dagger
28:40because sometimes you are in close combat
28:42and you don't have a sword
28:43combat at this time
28:45is all about trying to get around
28:47and behind the shield
28:50a savage attack
28:51leaves the saracen disarmed
28:53all that is left
28:55is to strike
29:00there is no mercy from the templar
29:03even though they are very much about
29:05having this honor
29:06and having a holy mission
29:08when it comes to actually fighting
29:10in the middle ages
29:11it is not just chivalrous
29:12it's very dirty
29:14and bloody
29:15and scary
29:16when the enemy sees them coming
29:18they know that this is going to be
29:20a fight to the death
29:25faith
29:25training
29:26and brutal combat
29:28have forged the knight templar
29:30into a fearless
29:31and resilient warrior
29:33and the order's success
29:35depends on it
29:37because the enemy is coming
29:39by the thousands
29:46the templar has been trained
29:49to be an elite killer
29:51he must now ride out to battle
29:53a superior warrior
29:54a fearsome and resolute protector
29:57of the holy land
30:06but
30:07by the late 12th century
30:08Muslim armies have grown in power
30:11under the great sultan Saladin
30:13posing an ever increasing threat
30:15to the order of templars
30:17the templars are such an awesome force
30:19and they bring such terror
30:21to Saladin soldiers
30:23that the only good templar for Saladin
30:26is a dead templar
30:27all of them
30:28once they are caught
30:29are put to death
30:33Saladin's well trained
30:34and mobile army
30:35is a formidable foe
30:37they ride these very fast ponies
30:39this mounted archery
30:41type of fighting style
30:42enables them to
30:43move very quickly
30:44they operate in these
30:45very large groups
30:46they can kind of sweep in
30:48and overwhelm
30:49a slower moving
30:50western army
30:51this is
30:52a common fighting style
30:54for the nomadic groups
30:55think of the Mongols
30:57the Huns
31:01routinely facing
31:03overwhelming odds
31:04in the holy land
31:05the templar must
31:06outmaneuver his enemy
31:10the genius of the knights
31:11templar
31:12is that very often
31:13they are outnumbered
31:15they are
31:15after all
31:16occupiers
31:17of the holy land
31:18and yet
31:19it's the way
31:20they operate
31:21that secures them
31:23victory
31:23at the end of the day
31:24if you have inferior numbers
31:26it might make more sense
31:28for you to attack first
31:29and this might look rash
31:31but not cavalry charge
31:32where you have all of these knights
31:33moving as one
31:34can be psychologically devastating
31:36so it can be
31:38a really good advantage
31:39to attack first
31:40this is perhaps
31:41never truer
31:42than at the battle
31:43of Montguisard
31:51the prelude to the battle
31:53of Montguisard
31:54is that
31:54the templars
31:55have headed
31:56north
31:57to engage
31:58the enemy
31:59up near Syria
32:00now Saladin
32:02sees an opportunity
32:03Saladin decides
32:05this is a perfect
32:06opportunity
32:06to bring
32:07this huge
32:08Saracen army
32:08up from Egypt
32:09in the south
32:10and capture
32:11a relatively
32:12undefended
32:13Jerusalem
32:14and he's going
32:15to field
32:16this very large
32:17Egyptian army
32:18on the low end
32:19it was maybe
32:2012,000 men
32:21on the high end
32:22it could have been
32:2323,000
32:25standing between
32:27Saladin
32:27and the kingdom
32:28of Jerusalem
32:29is its young ruler
32:31King Baldwin
32:34King Baldwin
32:35the fourth
32:36is a teenager
32:37sadly
32:38he suffers
32:39from leprosy
32:40and massively
32:41debilitating
32:42and then
32:43untreatable
32:44disease
32:45when Baldwin
32:46learns that
32:47Saladin plans
32:48to attack
32:49his unprotected
32:50kingdom
32:50he only has
32:52a few hundred
32:53templar knights
32:53at hand
32:55Baldwin
32:56thinks that
32:57he has no chance
32:57he withdraws
32:59into Ashkelon
33:00with his forces
33:01and he hides
33:02out there
33:02when Saladin
33:04sees that
33:04King Baldwin
33:05is hiding
33:06in Ashkelon
33:07he thinks
33:07okay
33:08the kingdom
33:08really is
33:09kind of defenseless
33:10this is perfect
33:11I can spread
33:12my army out
33:12and start
33:13sacking the villages
33:14we can burn territory
33:15with a vast
33:16Saracen army
33:17drawing closer
33:18to Jerusalem
33:18the young king
33:19and his attachment
33:20of templars
33:21leads a small
33:22Christian army
33:23to confront
33:24Saladin
33:27Baldwin forms
33:28whatever army
33:29he can
33:30and this amounts
33:31to maybe
33:32a few hundred knights
33:33and then a couple
33:34thousand infantry
33:34so we compare
33:36this to Saladin's
33:37army
33:37he greatly
33:38outnumbers
33:39what seems like
33:40an insignificant
33:41crusader force
33:41but he rallies
33:43the forces
33:44around him
33:45and the one thing
33:46he does
33:47is to bring out
33:48the true cross
33:50this is the cross
33:51the wood
33:52on which people
33:53believed Jesus
33:54was actually
33:55crucified
33:56it is the most
33:57sacred relic
33:59in Jerusalem
34:00and to bring it
34:01out
34:01is to
34:02inspire people
34:04in a way
34:04that we can't
34:05imagine
34:07so long as
34:08they see
34:09their standard
34:09flying
34:10they stay there
34:11they're not
34:12going anywhere else
34:13they're going to
34:13fight until
34:14the last man
34:18King Baldwin
34:19and the Templars
34:20forge a plan
34:21to intercept
34:22Saladin's forces
34:22at a place
34:24called
34:24Molgazar
34:27the Templars
34:28and Baldwin
34:28decided to try
34:30to lure
34:30Saladin himself
34:31to follow them
34:32into kind of
34:33a trap
34:34and this is crucial
34:35Saladin decides
34:37okay well the king
34:38is out here
34:38trying to do something
34:39but he's just got
34:40a few hundred
34:40knights with him
34:41whatever
34:41let's go take him
34:42down
34:42so Saladin
34:43follows Baldwin
34:45and the Templars
34:45and they lead him
34:47to this area
34:47close to Molgazar
34:48this is an area
34:49that is pretty marshy
34:51in fact
34:52once Saladin
34:53gets there
34:53his baggage train
34:55becomes bogged
34:55down in the mud
34:57this isn't just food
34:59and supplies
35:01it's also weaponry
35:03and he's just
35:04taken his eye
35:05off the ball
35:07once they got
35:08Saladin
35:08exactly where
35:10they want him
35:11the Templars
35:12charge directly
35:14at Saladin
35:15with insane courage
35:20Saladin cannot believe
35:22what he's seeing
35:23coming at him
35:24as the Templar
35:25fighting box
35:26advances on the enemy
35:27it opens
35:28unleashing the full
35:30force of the Templars
35:31the warrior monks
35:33charge into battle
35:34the fighting box
35:36is like a wall
35:37of metal and horse
35:38coming at you
35:39Saladin's soldiers
35:40don't know what to do
35:42it is a disaster
35:44for Saladin
35:46it's a devastating
35:48execution of the tactics
35:49the Templar
35:50has perfected
35:51the ferocity
35:52of the Crusaders
35:53on the battlefield
35:53provokes panic
35:55in the enemy
35:56and the bulk
35:56of Saladin's army
35:57flees
36:00Saladin's able to escape
36:01by jumping onto
36:02a racing camel
36:03and riding away
36:05but his army
36:06is destroyed
36:07they're being chased
36:09down by the Crusaders
36:10so this is a crazy
36:11multi-day slaughter
36:14everything that the
36:15Knights Templar
36:16are about
36:16comes into play
36:17at the Battle of
36:19Mongisad
36:20all their tactics
36:21everything that's in the rule book
36:23it just gets displayed beautifully
36:30the Templar victory
36:32against such overwhelming odds
36:34sends a powerful message
36:36the Battle of Mongisad
36:38is one of the celebrated
36:40battles of the Knights Templar
36:42there is an acknowledgement
36:44that the Templars
36:45are a superior fighting force
36:46Mongisad really
36:48cements their reputation
36:50as the invincibles
36:52in the Holy Land
36:54bloodied and bruised
36:56the Templars have fought
36:57with honor
36:58proving themselves
36:59fearsome defenders
37:01of the Holy Land
37:02but victory
37:03is always temporary
37:04and the future
37:06uncertain
37:20the Order
37:21has built warriors
37:22who carry out
37:23their divine mission
37:24to protect pilgrims
37:25and strike fear
37:27in the hearts
37:28of the enemy
37:30but after 200 years
37:32of holding the Holy Land
37:33the rise of a new power
37:35made up of elite
37:37Muslim mercenaries
37:38spells disaster
37:39for the Templars
37:42halfway through the 13th century
37:43this new Muslim power
37:46emerges
37:46the Mamluks of Egypt
37:48they're able to attack
37:50these Templar strongholds
37:52with really overwhelming forces
37:53the Templars
37:55and all of the Crusaders
37:56are getting pushed back
37:57until they make a stand
37:58in Acker
37:59round 1291
38:06this is the last piece
38:08of the Holy Land
38:09that the Templars control
38:10and when that city falls
38:13they have nowhere to go
38:14but the sea
38:18the loss of this
38:20it's devastating
38:21the Templars
38:22return to Europe
38:24but their days
38:25are numbered
38:27and their downfall
38:28is as violent
38:30as their rise
38:31after the loss
38:32of the Holy Land
38:33in 1291
38:33the Templars
38:34are still
38:35a huge organization
38:37they have
38:38enormous assets
38:39and wealth
38:40the Knights Templar
38:42have long been
38:43in the business
38:43of lending money
38:44to monarchs
38:46especially
38:47King Philip
38:48of France
38:48and he is
38:50so badly in debt
38:51he is essentially
38:52on the verge
38:53of bankruptcy
38:54King Philip
38:55decides to move
38:56against the Knights Templar
39:01the accusations
39:02that Philip levels
39:03against the Templars
39:04are basically
39:05the cookie cutter
39:06accusations
39:07that you hurl
39:08at somebody
39:09in the Middle Ages
39:09they are heretics
39:10they are homosexuals
39:12they are wizards
39:13the accusations
39:14against the Templars
39:15are pretty serious
39:16the kiss of peace
39:18was interpreted
39:19as a carnal kiss
39:23in 1307
39:25famously
39:26on Friday
39:27the 13th
39:28the date
39:29that's gone down
39:30in infamy
39:31in history
39:32arrest warrants
39:34are issued
39:34for all the Knights
39:35Templar
39:36in France
39:40and what happens
39:41in France
39:42is different
39:42than what happens
39:43everywhere else
39:44because legally
39:44in France
39:45you can torture people
39:46in order to get
39:47a confession
39:48the Templars
39:50who have been arrested
39:51face years of confinement
39:53torture
39:53and ultimately
39:55execution
39:58in 1312
40:00the Pope
40:01officially dissolves
40:02the order
40:08the Templars' demise
40:10may be part of
40:11what makes them
40:12so unique
40:12there was this sense
40:14that they had been
40:14unjustly accused
40:16and this seems
40:17to have probably
40:18contributed to
40:19their mystique
40:21it's very difficult
40:22for us to accept
40:23that an organization
40:24an institution
40:25like the Templars
40:26could just disappear
40:28where did they go
40:30do they just
40:31sort of vanish
40:31into the smoke
40:32of the past
40:33or do they survive
40:38even as the lights
40:40go out
40:40on the Knights Templar
40:41not all flames
40:43are extinguished
40:45they're not all
40:46arrested and killed
40:47some of them
40:48are even pensioned off
40:49or allowed to join
40:50another order
40:51or sent to a monastery
40:53they get lost
40:53in the tides of history
40:54but these are knights
40:56these are people
40:57who know how to fight
40:58there are still
41:00active frontiers
41:01in Europe
41:02and the Templars
41:03get deployed
41:04to those frontiers
41:05in Spain and Portugal
41:06despite their tragic end
41:09the Templars
41:10powerful legacy
41:11endures
41:12more than 700 years
41:14after the Crusades
41:15there are still
41:17rumors that the Templars
41:18and their treasure
41:19survive
41:22some have never believed
41:24that the Templars
41:24made their enormous wealth
41:25from sheep and cows
41:28they think that they
41:29discovered the Holy Grail
41:31the Ark of the Covenant
41:32and other sacred relics
41:35underneath the Temple Mount
41:36even that the Templars
41:38deliberately located
41:40themselves there
41:41so that they could start
41:42digging down
41:43and then what did they do
41:45with these relics
41:46well
41:46that's another big question
41:48their exceptional discipline
41:51and devotion
41:51to their cause
41:52alongside their innovations
41:55on and off
41:56the battlefield
41:57earn the Knights Templar
42:00a hallowed spot
42:01among history's
42:04greatest warriors
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