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Short filmTranscript
00:09Mysteries can be buried anywhere, under the earth, beneath the sea, or even right under
00:19our own feet.
00:21And when we stumble upon them, sometimes what we find can change history.
00:32Tonight, powerful discoveries from a muscle car with a legendary past.
00:39It turns out that this isn't just any old Mustang.
00:42This is probably one of the most famous Mustangs in history.
00:47To a hidden stronghold.
00:50They find a vast concrete chamber.
00:53They also find what looks like two escape tunnels.
00:57To a floating force of destruction.
01:00This ship carried very large guns.
01:03It was basically the 15th century equivalent of a nuclear warship.
01:08Join us now, because nothing stays hidden forever.
01:22When most of us think of power, we think of physical strength.
01:26But sometimes, that force isn't in the body.
01:30It's under the hood.
01:34It's 2017, and Hugo Sanchez is picking through a junkyard in Mexico.
01:41He restores muscle cars.
01:43And so he's looking for a beater with some good bones.
01:47It's like a graveyard of metal.
01:49You've got your twisted frames, your blown-out doors, your rusted fenders.
01:52But then, he spies something.
01:56It's a familiar silhouette that is just covered, unfortunately, by decades of neglect.
02:02It's the shell of a 1968 Mustang GT Fastback.
02:08The car's a mess.
02:10Dents everywhere, rust everywhere.
02:12And yet, he sees in the silhouette something that he might be able to work with.
02:17Without hesitating, Sanchez buys the old car on the spot for $5,000.
02:24Sanchez hauls the wreck to his friend, Ralph Garcia Jr.,
02:27a body shop owner who specializes in customizing old Mustangs.
02:33As Garcia begins to inspect the car, he realizes that this is an S-code Mustang GT
02:39with a 390-cubic-inch V8 engine.
02:44This was a beast of a car in its day.
02:48So Garcia runs the car's VIN through a database,
02:51and what comes back is astonishing to him.
02:55It turns out that this Mustang isn't just any old Mustang.
02:58This is probably one of the most famous Mustangs in history.
03:03Because this is the Mustang that Steve McQueen drove in the 1968 film, Bullet.
03:11Widely hailed as one of the greatest action films ever made,
03:16Bullet became legendary for its groundbreaking car chase sequence.
03:22This was 1968, so no CGI, no green screen,
03:27just Steve McQueen behind the wheel of a stripped-down Mustang fastback
03:34tearing through the streets of San Francisco.
03:37Well, the film Bullet is what made the Mustang
03:40one of the most iconic cars in all of American history.
03:44They'd only come on the market four years before,
03:45but now everybody wanted a Mustang.
03:49Everyone wanted to be as cool as Steve McQueen was behind the wheel.
03:54The car may look the part,
03:56but to be sure, Sanchez and Garcia reach out to a well-known expert for confirmation.
04:03Sanchez and Garcia send photos of the car to Kevin Mart,
04:07a renowned Ford historian and an expert on Mustangs.
04:11As soon as he sees the photos,
04:16he's on the next flight to Mexico.
04:18Marty knows every detail about the cars used in Bullet,
04:21and the first thing he explains is that there were two of them.
04:25One was the hero car used for close-ups and regular scenes.
04:29The other was the jumper used for stunts.
04:32It was reinforced, gutted, and totally battered by the chute.
04:36Marty takes a look at the car,
04:38and he sees the vehicle's reinforced suspension and chassis.
04:41He also sees the holes that were put in the car
04:44so that the movie lights and the cameras inside the car could be powered.
04:48He also notices that underneath that cream-colored paint
04:50and those patches of rust,
04:52the original paint, that Highland green, is still present.
04:55It's official.
04:57This is the jumper Mustang that made movie magic.
05:00But how did it end up in Mexico?
05:04After filming wraps on Bullet,
05:06the car sold it, changed his hand several times,
05:08and moves from New Jersey to Kentucky.
05:10But eventually, it's just so beat up
05:12that it's sold for junk and winds up
05:15in this automobile graveyard down in Mexico.
05:19Today, the iconic Mustang is turning heads all over again.
05:25Sanchez and Garcia have restored the jumper car back
05:28back to its original 1968 glory.
05:31But for now, it's staying in the garage.
05:34The hero car from Bullet sold at auction in 2020
05:39for a staggering $3.74 million.
05:43So if the jumper car were to ever hit the market,
05:46who knows what lengths collectors would go to acquire it.
05:54Next, another vehicle that packs a punch.
05:57But this one wasn't built for the big screen.
06:00It was built for war.
06:06In 2008, on the quiet Rue de Perrier
06:09in the city of Chartres in France,
06:12road workers are pulling up old asphalt.
06:17This is a routine maintenance project
06:20until the digger hits something solid.
06:26Work is halted,
06:27and all of the workers come in to take a look.
06:30They can see something just under the dirt.
06:33It's not a stone.
06:35It's metal.
06:36It's twisted and rusty,
06:37and it definitely doesn't belong here.
06:41Unfortunately, whatever this is,
06:43is massive, and it won't budge.
06:46So they bring in some more equipment,
06:48and they are finally able to drag it out of the earth.
06:52And it is the most unexpected thing.
06:56A tank.
06:58The workers are shocked and afraid
07:01because this thing could still have live ammo
07:03or explosives in it,
07:05which means it could blow up.
07:07Unwilling to take any chances,
07:09the team quickly calls in the bomb squad.
07:13They sweep the vehicle and declare it safe.
07:17Next, historians come in,
07:19and they identify the tank.
07:21This is an M5 Stewart.
07:26The M5 Stewart was one of the most versatile
07:28armored fighting vehicles
07:30used by American military forces
07:31during the Second World War.
07:33In an armored division,
07:35speed is armor,
07:36and the Stewart is lightweight and fast,
07:39perfect for reconnaissance operations.
07:41That speed put the Stewart
07:43at the front of the action.
07:45And in the chaos of the advance through France,
07:48one mission would prove
07:50it was too fast for its own good.
07:52Back on August 16th, 1944,
07:56American forces are tearing through Nazi-occupied France.
08:00Leading the charge is an M5 Stewart,
08:03part of the 31st Tank Battalion.
08:05This vehicle was on a scouting mission
08:07when it was struck by a round
08:09from a German Panzerfaust anti-tank weapon.
08:14The Panzerfaust round hits the right track
08:16and disables the vehicle.
08:18The crew abandons it safely,
08:21but they then spend the next three days
08:23attempting to evade German forces
08:25before they make it back to friendly lines.
08:28Meanwhile, the tank is quickly seized by German troops.
08:32German engineers disabled this M5.
08:35They took the cannon, the machine guns,
08:37they actually blew off the turret,
08:39and they just left it as this kind of metal hulk
08:42that could never be used again.
08:44Two days later,
08:46horses under the command of General George S. Patton
08:48liberate Schachtel.
08:49They find the tank,
08:51but it's too damaged to be returned to service,
08:54so they push it off into a shell crater and bury it.
08:57Over time, the land was paved,
08:59and the road became just another street.
09:03The tank sat beneath it for 60 years, forgotten.
09:12Across history,
09:14some of the most powerful people
09:15didn't rule empires,
09:17they ruled arenas.
09:19And a discovery in Italy
09:21uncovered the story of one such figure.
09:25It's a few days before Christmas, 1959,
09:28and construction crews in Toronto, Italy,
09:31are excavating a new foundation for a building.
09:34The excavation is going along,
09:37sort of business as usual,
09:38until suddenly there is the jarring sound
09:41of metal hitting stone.
09:44So the equipment stops,
09:45the workers grab their shovels,
09:47they start clearing earth
09:48until they come to a small limestone vault
09:52about the size of a human body.
09:56In a country where history runs deep,
09:59this only means one thing.
10:01It's time to call the archaeologists.
10:03They lift the slabs that form the lid,
10:06and inside, they find a sarcophagus.
10:10Inside the sarcophagus,
10:12they find the remains of a body.
10:15It's a man, his late 20s, early 30s,
10:18who stood about 5 feet 7 inches.
10:21But it's what's found around his bones
10:24that tells a deeper story.
10:26They find remnants of black and orange pottery,
10:30and they date to about 480 B.C.
10:32Around this time,
10:34this part of Italy was under Greek control.
10:36The archaeology team brings these pottery fragments
10:40back to the lab,
10:41and they put them back together
10:42and realize it forms three full jars
10:45and part of a fork.
10:46The jars have designs on the outside
10:49depicting different sporting events
10:51from the Panathenaic Games,
10:54sort of the precursor to today's modern Olympics.
10:58Held every July,
11:00these games were part religious ceremony,
11:02part competition.
11:04Individual events range from foot races
11:06to boat races to military dance contests.
11:10If you competed and won at the Panathenaic Games,
11:12you got something just as valuable
11:15as a gold medal is to athletes today.
11:19Olive oil.
11:21Olive oil was extremely valuable in ancient Greece.
11:25There was even a special reserve
11:27for Greek athletes
11:28pressed from the sacred groves in Attica.
11:31To have one jar alone was significant,
11:35and the man in the sarcophagus
11:37had four jars with him.
11:39That's not just the mark of a competitor.
11:41That's the mark of a champion.
11:45Archaeologists wonder,
11:47what sport made him such a powerhouse?
11:49At 5 feet 7 inches,
11:52this athlete was tall for his day,
11:54and researchers can tell
11:56that he was very well built.
11:58Regular exercise changes our bones,
12:01increases our bone density.
12:03His muscles pull and push at them.
12:06The man's shoulders and arms
12:08have massive muscle attachments.
12:10His right ulna,
12:12one of the bones in his forearm,
12:14is much larger than the one in his left.
12:16And all around the operating joints of his shoulders,
12:20you can see the wear and tear
12:22of repeated athletic motion.
12:25Looking at his right shoulder,
12:27experts are convinced.
12:28It came from throwing either discus or javelin.
12:31His lower body is equally impressive.
12:33He has thick calf and thigh bones,
12:38which suggests the type of muscles
12:40that could launch you into a sprint or a jump.
12:43That's when the images on one of the four jars
12:47finally make sense.
12:49The pottery doesn't just depict one athletic event.
12:52It depicts all five pentathlon events.
12:56Discus throwing, running, javelin, wrestling, long jump.
13:01But for everything his bones reveal about his strength,
13:05they don't tell us how he died.
13:07This athlete was young
13:08and in incredibly good physical shape.
13:11There's no sign of trauma or disease,
13:15so no one understands
13:17what could have possibly killed him.
13:19As of today,
13:21this man's remains are the only ones we've found
13:24that we can definitively say
13:25are of an ancient Greek athlete.
13:28We may never know this champion's name,
13:31but his bones tell the story
13:35of strength that still speaks to us
13:372,500 years later.
13:42Sometimes powerful figures leave behind glory.
13:45Other times, they leave behind secrets.
13:48And this next discovery unearths a major one.
13:55In 2011, city superintendent Anna Imponente
13:59and architect Carlo Serafini
14:01are overseeing a minor remodeling job
14:03at the National Museum of the Palazzo Venezia in Rome.
14:07The museum is quickly running out of room
14:09to display its collection,
14:10so they're going to convert an old storage area
14:13into new exhibition space.
14:15As workers clear out boxes
14:18of forgotten papers and relics,
14:21they find a trap door in the floor,
14:25measuring three feet by three feet.
14:27Imponente and Serafini pry it open.
14:31And underneath the door,
14:33they see a narrow red brick staircase
14:36descending into absolute darkness.
14:40Curious, they grab a couple of flashlights
14:42and head 50 feet down into the unknown.
14:45At the bottom, they find themselves
14:47inside a vast concrete chamber.
14:50It's about 860 square feet,
14:53and there are nine more rooms
14:54that branch off from the space.
14:56There's a functioning ventilation system,
14:58electric wiring.
15:00The rooms themselves are bare.
15:02There's no decoration, no furniture,
15:04just broken junk around,
15:06all of which seems to date
15:07from the mid-20th century.
15:09They also find what looks like
15:11two unfinished escape tunnels.
15:13What they've uncovered
15:15is no ordinary space.
15:17It's a secret bunker
15:19from one of Italy's darkest chapters.
15:26In 1929,
15:28Italy's fascist dictator,
15:30Benito Mussolini,
15:31chose the Palazzo Venezia
15:33as his seat of power.
15:35From the Palazzo's balcony,
15:38he famously addressed massive crowds,
15:41galvanizing support
15:42for he and his government.
15:54By World War II,
15:55the palace wasn't just symbolic.
15:57It became his official residence
16:00and command center.
16:01From here,
16:02Mussolini governed
16:03as Hitler's closest European ally.
16:06But in 1942,
16:09as the tide of war begins to turn,
16:11Mussolini's once unchallenged
16:13grip on power
16:14starts to loosen.
16:16As Allied forces
16:17begin closing in,
16:19Mussolini becomes concerned.
16:21He's worried
16:21that Allied air forces
16:23will launch a raid
16:24that will target him personally.
16:26Publicly,
16:27Mussolini famously declared
16:28that he would never hide
16:29from an airstrike
16:30and he'd bravely ride it out
16:32on his balcony.
16:33But it's rumored
16:33that on one occasion,
16:35when he was caught
16:35in an airstrike in Albania,
16:38Il Duce ran straight
16:40to the nearest bunker.
16:42Before this bunker
16:43could be finished,
16:45Mussolini's reign
16:46came to an abrupt end.
16:48In July 1943,
16:50Mussolini was ousted
16:51from power and arrested.
16:52Nearly two years later,
16:54he is executed
16:55by Italian partisans
16:56and the bunker
16:57is never completed
16:58and never used.
17:01For nearly 70 years,
17:03it did what it was made to do.
17:05It remained hidden,
17:06sealed and forgotten
17:07until a renovation project
17:09turned it into
17:10to a once-in-a-lifetime discovery.
17:12Today, it stands
17:13as a chilling relic
17:14of power, paranoia,
17:17and the downfall
17:18of a dictator.
17:25When scuba divers
17:26explore the sea,
17:27they expect to find
17:28coral, fish,
17:29and maybe some old artifacts.
17:31But for one group
17:33out for a swim,
17:34what they discover
17:35is proof
17:36of an ancient ruler's might.
17:41In the summer of 1971,
17:43off the coast
17:44of Ranaby, Sweden,
17:45a group of recreational
17:47scuba divers
17:47explore the Baltic Sea.
17:50The water is calm,
17:52visibility is clear,
17:53it's a perfect day.
17:56They're out there
17:57admiring the marine life
17:59when they see something
18:00that looks out of place.
18:02There are these
18:03long wooden beams
18:04scattered across
18:05the seafloor,
18:06and so they move in closer
18:08to get a better look,
18:09thinking it's
18:10an old fishing boat.
18:12Among the beams,
18:13the divers find
18:15dozens of small
18:16metal balls
18:17about the size
18:18of golf balls.
18:20Over the next
18:21few decades,
18:22the shipwreck
18:23becomes a popular
18:24scuba spot
18:25for locals.
18:26Then in 2001,
18:28one of the divers
18:28notices something strange.
18:30Some of the beams
18:31appear to be hollowed out
18:33in the center,
18:33and so he contacts
18:35a local museum
18:35and asks experts
18:37to come out
18:37and have a look.
18:39When marine archaeologists
18:41arrive on site,
18:42it's immediately clear
18:43that this is not
18:44a fishing boat.
18:45It's something
18:46much more impressive.
18:48This ship is massive,
18:50about 100 feet long
18:51and 30 feet wide.
18:53Those hollow beams
18:54turn out to be
18:55artillery mounts
18:56used to support
18:58heavy cannons.
19:00And those little
19:01golf balls,
19:02those were lead
19:03cannonballs.
19:06These are the remains
19:07of a warship,
19:09and it's one of the
19:10oldest ever found
19:12in Nordic waters.
19:14This ship carried
19:15very large guns
19:16and breech-loading
19:17artillery,
19:17which was extremely
19:18cutting-edge
19:19for the time.
19:21It was basically
19:22the 15th century
19:23equivalent of a
19:24nuclear-powered warship.
19:25No one knows
19:27exactly where the ship
19:28came from
19:29or where it was heading.
19:30But what is clear
19:32is that it wasn't
19:33just built for combat.
19:34The archaeologists
19:35find coins,
19:36a suede slipper,
19:37and barrels
19:38full of rare spices.
19:40So there's saffron
19:41and cloves
19:42and ginger,
19:42peppercorns.
19:44And back then,
19:45exotic spices
19:46were a real luxury.
19:47I mean,
19:48some were literally
19:48worth their weight
19:49in gold.
19:50Over the next
19:51several years,
19:52teams keep coming
19:53back to the site.
19:54They're mapping
19:55more of it,
19:56trying to piece together
19:57what this wreck was.
20:01Then,
20:02in 2015,
20:04a diver
20:05finally pulls up
20:06a crucial piece
20:07of the puzzle.
20:08It's an ancient
20:09piece of wood
20:10with a painted
20:11figurehead,
20:12and it either depicts
20:13a snarling dragon
20:14or maybe a hound
20:16devouring a human.
20:17Testing of the timber
20:19dates this piece
20:20to the 1400s,
20:21and that means
20:22that this is
20:22the oldest figurehead
20:23ever recovered
20:24from a shipwreck.
20:25With the ship's
20:26design,
20:28armaments,
20:28and time period
20:29in hand,
20:30the researchers
20:31turn to the
20:32historical record.
20:33Only one ship
20:34fits the evidence,
20:36the Gribshundan,
20:37which is Danish
20:38for Gryphonhounds.
20:41It's the lost
20:42flagship of King Hans,
20:44the 15th century
20:45ruler of Denmark
20:46and Norway.
20:48Around this time,
20:49in 1495,
20:51King Hans had his sights
20:54set on the throne
20:55in Sweden.
20:56Hans wanted to unify
20:57the entire Nordic region
20:59under his rule.
21:00To win the throne
21:01of Sweden,
21:02he had to meet
21:03with the Swedish council.
21:05If he could somehow
21:06win them over,
21:07they would make him
21:08king of Sweden.
21:10Hans brought his egg in.
21:12He loaded the Gribshundan
21:13with nobles,
21:15elite guards,
21:16gold,
21:17and spices.
21:18It was a display
21:19of his wealth
21:20and power
21:21designed to win
21:23over the Swedish council.
21:25But during his journey,
21:27disaster struck.
21:28When the ship
21:29was docked
21:30near the town
21:30of Ronneby,
21:31a fire broke out
21:33on board.
21:34And it quickly spread
21:36down to the hold
21:37where the gunpowder
21:38was stored.
21:40There is a massive explosion
21:42and for everyone on board,
21:43it's literally sink or swim.
21:45Close to 100 mercenaries
21:47and crew
21:47end up being killed.
21:49The ship,
21:50along with all of Hans'
21:52weapons and wealth,
21:54sink to the bottom
21:55of the sea.
21:56Hans himself, though,
21:57survives
21:58through sheer
21:59lucky coincidence
22:00because he happened
22:01to be ashore
22:02when the fire broke out.
22:05It wasn't just
22:06a maritime disaster.
22:08It was a political one, too.
22:10Without his flagship,
22:12Hans returned home.
22:13It took him
22:14two more years
22:15before he claimed
22:16the Swedish throne.
22:17But even then,
22:18he only held it
22:20for three years.
22:21Regardless,
22:22King Hans
22:23managed to leave his mark,
22:25even from the depths
22:26of the ocean.
22:301,000 miles away,
22:32another treasure
22:33from a different
22:33powerful leader
22:34is uncovered.
22:36Only this time,
22:37it's not beneath the waves.
22:39It's buried
22:40in someone's backyard.
22:43It's the spring of 2020,
22:46and COVID lockdowns
22:48have confined families
22:49across the United Kingdom
22:50to their homes.
22:51One household
22:52in England's
22:53New Forest area
22:54decide they're going
22:55to shake off
22:55their cabin fever,
22:56going to head out
22:57to the backyard
22:58and do a little bit
22:59of gardening.
23:00They're weeding,
23:01they're digging
23:01in the garden.
23:02They're just trying
23:03to come up
23:03with things
23:04to pass the time
23:05when suddenly
23:07something attracts
23:08their attention.
23:09It glints
23:10in the sunlight.
23:11It's small
23:12and round
23:12and golden.
23:13They pick it up,
23:15brush the mud off,
23:16and are shocked
23:17to see the image
23:18of an angel
23:19fighting a dragon
23:20on a gold coin.
23:22The family can't believe
23:24and so they start
23:25sifting through
23:27the dirt,
23:28digging,
23:28and sure enough,
23:29they find another coin
23:30and then another.
23:33By sunset,
23:34they've dug up
23:3563 gold coins
23:37and one silver piece.
23:39They call the authorities
23:40and within days,
23:42archaeologists show up
23:43and they find
23:45six more coins.
23:47most of these coins
23:49date to the 1400s
23:50during the reign
23:50of Edward IV.
23:52One side of the coin
23:53shows a ship at sea.
23:55The other side
23:56shows the archangel
23:58Michael defeating
23:59a dragon,
24:00a powerful symbol
24:01drawn from the book
24:02of Revelations.
24:03But four of the coins
24:05are different.
24:06Instead of an angel
24:07and ship,
24:07they feature
24:08a Tudor rose.
24:09This is the mark
24:11of one of England's
24:13most influential,
24:14flamboyant,
24:15and controversial kings,
24:18Henry VIII.
24:20Henry VIII
24:21was never supposed
24:22to be king.
24:23He was the second son,
24:25the spare,
24:25not the heir.
24:26But when his older brother
24:28died,
24:28the crown fell to him.
24:30So in 1509,
24:32he ascended
24:33to the throne.
24:34Henry didn't simply
24:35rule England,
24:36he transformed it.
24:38He broke
24:39with the Catholic Church
24:40and also began
24:41rewriting laws
24:42to suit his will.
24:44In 1526,
24:45with Cardinal Wolsey
24:46by his side,
24:47Henry overhauled
24:48the kingdom's currency.
24:50He changed the weights
24:51and created
24:51a new denomination,
24:53the gold crown,
24:54which was worth
24:54five shillings.
24:56Henry also added
24:57a few other details
24:59to his coins.
25:00He put his initial H
25:02on every coin,
25:03kind of like
25:04the 16th century version
25:06of personal branding
25:07and a total
25:09power move.
25:10But he didn't
25:11hug the spotlight
25:11completely.
25:12He shared the glory
25:13by giving his queen's
25:14equal billing.
25:15His wife's initial
25:16was always stamped
25:17beside his.
25:19Famously,
25:20Henry VIII
25:20had many wives,
25:22and so the initials
25:25stamped into the coins
25:26changed over time.
25:28Some of these rare coins,
25:30including the ones
25:31with Henry VIII's
25:32wives' initials,
25:33were recovered
25:34from the family's garden,
25:35buried and forgotten
25:36for almost 500 years.
25:41Today,
25:41the hoard is worth
25:43about $24,000.
25:46But why was such
25:47a valuable stash
25:48buried in the first place?
25:50At the time,
25:51there was a lot of turmoil
25:52for Henry VIII.
25:53He was seizing land
25:54and wealth
25:55from the Catholic Church.
25:56Monasteries were being dissolved,
25:58and treasuries
25:59were being emptied.
26:00Some historians think
26:01the hoard may have been buried
26:03by a Catholic clergyman
26:05who was hoping
26:06to protect the church's wealth
26:07from the crown.
26:08If that's true,
26:09this coin collection
26:11may very well
26:12have eluded King Henry.
26:20In 1871,
26:22a Swedish scientist
26:23sets out to study ants,
26:25but ends up stumbling
26:26onto something
26:27much bigger than bugs.
26:31On the shores of Sweden,
26:34entomologist
26:34Knut Jalmar Stolpa
26:36is digging through the mud,
26:37searching for ancient ants
26:39preserved in amber.
26:42On the lakeshore,
26:44he finds more amber
26:45than he's expecting,
26:48a much greater amount
26:50that should ever occur naturally.
26:52And there's no obvious
26:54explanation for it.
26:55He's in the middle of nowhere
26:57with no people
26:58or businesses nearby.
27:00But Stolpa recalls
27:02hearing whispers
27:03of a lost Viking city
27:05in the area
27:06called Berka.
27:07So he decides
27:08to investigate further.
27:11Nearby,
27:12Stolpa excavates a pit.
27:15Inside it,
27:16he finds twisted bits
27:17of iron.
27:19He finds pottery shards.
27:21He finds animal bones.
27:23He shares what he's discovered
27:25with a few other scientists.
27:26But to them,
27:27he's just an eccentric insect guy.
27:29And so most of them
27:30just kind of brush him off.
27:32Determined to prove them wrong,
27:34Stolpa literally goes back to school,
27:36earns a degree in archaeology,
27:38comes back to the site,
27:39and begins a careful,
27:41years-long excavation.
27:45His work pays off.
27:47He finds homes,
27:49the remains of a shipyard,
27:51and goods from as far away
27:53as the Middle East.
27:54From the size of the settlement
27:56to the types of relics
27:57that he's uncovering,
27:59Stolpa becomes convinced
28:00that he has found
28:01the remnants
28:01of the ancient Viking city.
28:05Soon,
28:06Stolpa's theory
28:06gets a boost
28:07when he discovers
28:09thousands of human graves.
28:12But one in particular
28:13stands out.
28:14There's a skeleton
28:16surrounded by
28:18a whole arsenal
28:19of weapons.
28:21Sword,
28:22axe,
28:23shields,
28:24lances.
28:25Arranged next to it
28:27are two horses,
28:29a mare
28:29and a stallion.
28:31In the Viking context,
28:33burials this elaborate
28:34point to somebody
28:35with significant status.
28:37There were also remains
28:39of an iron-framed
28:40gaming board
28:41that was complete
28:42with dice and pawns.
28:44Game sets like these
28:45were known to be used
28:46by Viking leaders
28:47as more than just
28:48a pastime.
28:49It signaled
28:49strategic mastery.
28:51It was the mark
28:53of a true commander.
28:55Stolpa concludes
28:56that this is the grave
28:58of a very powerful man,
29:00a leader
29:01and a guardian
29:02of Birka.
29:03And for over a century,
29:05no one questions that
29:07until modern science
29:09reveals a surprise.
29:11In 2019,
29:13researchers run
29:14DNA analysis
29:15on the bones.
29:16The analysis reveals
29:18that these bones
29:19have two X chromosomes,
29:21which means
29:22that the great leader
29:23of Birka
29:24was a woman.
29:27While Viking sagas
29:29speak of shield maidens,
29:31women who fought
29:32alongside men,
29:33this is the first
29:35historical evidence
29:36that women may have
29:37ascended to positions
29:38of power equal to
29:40the greatest male
29:41Viking warrior.
29:45While one ancient
29:47warrior's secrets
29:48are revealed
29:49by her burial pit,
29:51a modern ruler's legacy
29:53is nearly lost forever
29:54in a trash pit.
29:58For 15 years,
29:59a man named David Rose
30:01has worked
30:01at a garbage dump
30:02in England.
30:04Every now and then
30:05he finds a piece or two
30:06that he rescues
30:07from the trash heap.
30:08And one day
30:09in 2019,
30:10something catches
30:11David's eye.
30:13Poking out
30:14of a pile of rubbish
30:16is a cardboard box,
30:19dusty, old,
30:20but sealed shut.
30:22Thinking that
30:23something interesting
30:23might be inside,
30:25David pulls the box
30:27from the trash
30:28and opens it.
30:30Inside,
30:30he finds a strange
30:32collection of objects.
30:33There's a small
30:35wooden case
30:35with a cigar,
30:36a worn cigar holder,
30:38and an old top hat.
30:40And there's also
30:41a stack of old letters,
30:43more than 140 of them.
30:47Most of the letters
30:48are postmarked
30:49to the 1940s,
30:50and they're written
30:51by a London woman
30:52named Mary Dorgan.
30:54They're addressed
30:54to her son,
30:55who she calls
30:56my darling Joe.
30:57He is a soldier
30:59in the British forces
31:00posted to Egypt
31:01in the waning days
31:02of World War II.
31:03She writes to him
31:04almost daily,
31:05sharing with him
31:06details of what it's like
31:07in London during wartime.
31:09Blackouts,
31:10food rationing,
31:11fire watches.
31:12Mary also describes
31:14her life working
31:15as part of the domestic staff
31:16in an upper-class home.
31:17She gives updates
31:19about her boss,
31:21what mood he's in,
31:22and what he's up to
31:23every day.
31:24As David rummages
31:25through the box
31:26and underneath
31:27all of the items
31:28and the letters,
31:29he finds
31:30an autographed photo
31:31of none other than
31:35Winston Churchill.
31:37Could this box
31:38of items
31:39really belong
31:40to one of history's
31:42greatest leaders?
31:43Winston Churchill
31:45rose to become
31:45prime minister
31:46in 1940
31:47and quickly became
31:49the face
31:49of British resilience.
31:51His fiery speeches
31:52and unwavering leadership
31:54helped carry the nation
31:55through the darkest
31:56days of the war.
31:57But we shall never
31:59cease to persevere
32:00until they have been
32:02taught a lesson
32:03which they
32:03and the world
32:04will never forget.
32:09Looking for answers,
32:10David contacts
32:11World War II historians.
32:13They confirm
32:14that Mary Dorgan
32:15was an Irish immigrant
32:16who worked
32:17in Churchill's household
32:19during World War II.
32:20Her stories
32:21of his moods
32:22and habits
32:23are things
32:24that only someone
32:25who worked
32:25in his household
32:26would know.
32:27Incredibly,
32:28the letters
32:29don't just capture
32:30Churchill's private life.
32:31They place Mary
32:33at his side
32:34during some
32:35of his most
32:35defining moments.
32:37She writes
32:38about Churchill's
32:3971st birthday.
32:40She's there
32:41for the day
32:42Franklin Delano
32:43Roosevelt dies.
32:44She's there
32:45for VE Day.
32:46She writes to her son
32:48about gifts
32:49that Churchill gave her,
32:50including a cigar
32:51and one of his
32:52signature top hats.
32:53No one is certain
32:55how this box
32:56of Mary's mementos
32:58ended up getting
32:58tossed in the dump.
33:00But for David Rose,
33:02who spent 15 years
33:04combing through things
33:05that other people
33:05have thrown away,
33:07it's the find
33:07of a lifetime.
33:14Late night scrolling
33:16on your laptop
33:17often leads
33:18to memes,
33:19cat videos,
33:20or random trivia.
33:21But for one student,
33:23it uncovered
33:24the remnants
33:25of a once
33:26powerful empire.
33:29It's 2024
33:31at Tulane University
33:32in New Orleans,
33:33Louisiana.
33:34A doctoral archaeology
33:36student named
33:37Luke Ald-Thomas
33:38is doing
33:39what students
33:39do best,
33:41procrastinating.
33:42He's supposed
33:43to be working
33:44on a research project,
33:45but instead
33:46he's letting
33:46his curiosity wander.
33:48He's scrolling
33:49through some
33:50old LIDAR surveys
33:51of the forests
33:52of Mexico
33:53and Central America.
33:55These scans
33:56had been made
33:57more than a decade
33:57earlier by a team
33:58of researchers
33:59who were studying
33:59forest density
34:01in the Yucatan Peninsula.
34:02Essentially,
34:03they would fly overhead
34:04firing these LIDAR lasers
34:06toward the ground,
34:07which produced
34:08a 3D image
34:09of the terrain.
34:10Once the scientists
34:12had finished
34:12their research,
34:14these LIDAR surveys
34:15were quietly filed away
34:17and eventually forgotten.
34:19To a lot of people,
34:21the images look
34:23like a tangle
34:23of trees,
34:24but Luke sees
34:25something else entirely.
34:27In one scan,
34:28he notices
34:29an odd depression
34:30in the ground.
34:31It looks like
34:32something carved,
34:34not naturally occurring.
34:36So with a few
34:37quick keystrokes,
34:38he's able to remove
34:38most of the forest
34:39as well as the shadows
34:40from the image.
34:42Luke is shocked
34:43when the thick
34:45jungle canopy
34:46suddenly dissolves
34:47into a grid
34:48of geometric shapes.
34:50These are clearly
34:51the outlines
34:52of man-made structures,
34:53and there's a lot of them.
34:55He's able to identify
34:56roads, residences,
34:59a ball court,
35:00and even the outline
35:02of stepped temple pyramids.
35:05Luke believes
35:05that he has just discovered
35:07a lost Mayan metropolis.
35:12Luke brings
35:13the potential discovery
35:14to his professors,
35:15and they agree
35:16that he's found
35:17something worth
35:18looking into.
35:19So they assemble
35:20a team and get to work.
35:21The team names
35:23the city Valeriano
35:25after a nearby lagoon
35:27and quickly realize
35:28it's far larger
35:30than they ever imagined.
35:32Using the LIDAR archive,
35:34the team is able
35:35to map out
35:366,000 structures
35:38hidden beneath
35:38the forest canopy.
35:40The city is arranged
35:42in what's called
35:43the E-group formation.
35:44This was the classic design
35:46of Mayan cities
35:47before 150 AD,
35:49arranged so that
35:50if you were to look
35:51at the city from above,
35:53it would look like
35:54a capital E.
35:55They even find evidence
35:56of a dam
35:57that would have regulated
35:58the water supply
35:59to the city.
36:00The Mayan
36:01who built Valeriana
36:02were extraordinarily
36:03sophisticated for their time.
36:05Not only did they have
36:06an advanced understanding
36:07of engineering,
36:08they also used astronomy
36:11and mathematics
36:12in order to calculate
36:13lunar and solar cycles.
36:15They had a system
36:17of hieroglyphic writing.
36:18In agriculture,
36:19they understood principles
36:20like crop rotation,
36:22needing to keep
36:23the land fertile
36:24so you could support
36:25a large population
36:26of people.
36:27Using the density
36:28and the layout
36:29of its structures,
36:30researchers estimate
36:31that at its peak
36:32in the 9th century,
36:33Valeriana would have been
36:34home to close
36:35to 50,000 people.
36:36As far as Maya cities go,
36:38only the mighty capital
36:39of Calic Mole
36:40would have even compared.
36:42But even a city
36:44this powerful
36:45couldn't escape
36:46the collapse around it.
36:48By 900 A.D.,
36:50Valeriana was beginning
36:51a decline,
36:52something that we see
36:53in cities all across
36:54the Mayan Empire
36:55in this period.
36:56Not long after that,
36:58it was swallowed
36:58by the forest.
37:00What's crazy
37:01about this site
37:02is that it's only
37:03a 15-minute walk
37:04from the nearest highway.
37:07But despite the fact
37:08that people in cars
37:09are going by every day,
37:11archaeologists had no idea
37:13about Valeriana's existence.
37:14So it has to make you wonder
37:16what other secrets
37:18might be hidden
37:19nearby in the dense jungle.
37:25A discovery in Jerusalem
37:27brings a powerful name
37:29connected to the crucifixion
37:31of Jesus
37:31back into focus
37:33through evidence
37:34no one expected to find.
37:38On the outskirts of Jerusalem
37:40in 1990,
37:41bulldozers are clawing
37:42their way through
37:43a rugged hill
37:44in the peace forest,
37:45making way for what
37:46will become
37:47a water park.
37:48But then suddenly,
37:50that ground
37:51just gives way
37:52beneath them.
37:54Luckily,
37:54no one is hurt.
37:55They halt the machines,
37:57and they all curiously
37:59approach
37:59the gaping hole
38:00in the ground.
38:01Through the dust,
38:03the workers realize
38:04that they've broken
38:05through the limestone roof
38:07of a hidden chamber.
38:09Down through the darkness,
38:11amidst the dust
38:12and the shattered rocks,
38:13workmen see
38:14several stone boxes.
38:18So the foreman
38:19shuts down the site
38:20and makes a call
38:21to the Israel Antiquities Authority.
38:23An archaeologist
38:25by the name
38:25of Zvi Greenhut
38:27immediately recognizes
38:29these boxes
38:29for what they are.
38:31These are ossuaries,
38:33stone containers
38:35for bones
38:36used in ancient burial rites.
38:39Now, ossuaries
38:40were actually
38:40a secondary burial box.
38:42The way the burial
38:44would work
38:44is that the deceased
38:45would be laid out
38:46in a tomb.
38:47After a year has passed
38:49and decomposition
38:49is complete,
38:50the remains
38:51of the individual,
38:52specifically just their bones,
38:53are then placed to rest
38:55in this stone box,
38:56sort of a final,
38:58final resting place.
39:00Most of the ossuaries
39:01Greenhut examines
39:03are simple and plain,
39:05but one tucked in the back
39:06grabs his attention.
39:09This ossuary
39:10is marked with a name,
39:13Caiaphas.
39:14In the New Testament,
39:16Caiaphas
39:16is one of the high priests
39:18of Jerusalem
39:19in the first century.
39:20He wields immense
39:22religious and political power
39:23in Jerusalem.
39:25He's the person
39:26who's in charge
39:27of the temple
39:27when Jesus comes,
39:30according to the Gospels,
39:31and drives out
39:32the money changers
39:33and merchants
39:34who are there.
39:35Caiaphas would have viewed
39:36that as a direct affront
39:38to his authority.
39:41And he strikes back.
39:44In the Gospel of Matthew 26.3,
39:46it says that
39:47the religious leaders
39:48at the time
39:49gathered together
39:50to conspire
39:51to kill Jesus
39:52and that this gathering
39:53took place in,
39:54quote,
39:55the palace of the high priest
39:56who was called Caiaphas.
39:59Could this be the same Caiaphas
40:01referenced in the Bible?
40:04As Greenhut looks deeper,
40:06the connections grow.
40:08Inside the box,
40:09Greenhut finds the remains
40:11of multiple individuals.
40:13Two small infants,
40:14a young child,
40:15a teenager,
40:17an adult woman,
40:18and a man of around
40:1960 years of age.
40:21Caiaphas was said
40:22to have a big family,
40:24at least five sons,
40:25and he lived to be
40:26about 60,
40:27so the details
40:29are slowly starting
40:29to line up.
40:30This type of reburial
40:33is fairly easy to date
40:35because this was
40:37a Jewish practice
40:38that started around
40:39100 B.C.
40:41and continued up
40:42only until
40:42the Roman destruction
40:44of Jerusalem
40:44in 70 A.D.
40:46This leads many scholars
40:48to believe
40:49these are the actual bones
40:51of Caiaphas.
40:53It is one of the few artifacts
40:54ever found
40:56that is directly connected
40:57to a figure written about
40:59in the New Testament.
41:00Today,
41:01the remains
41:02that were found
41:02in the ossuary
41:03have been reinterred
41:05on the Mount of Olives,
41:06but the box itself
41:08is on display
41:09at the Israel Museum
41:10of Jerusalem,
41:11and it's this stunning link
41:13to a story
41:15that is read
41:16by billions of people today.
41:20From a warship
41:22centuries ahead
41:22ahead of its time
41:23to a lost city
41:25hidden beneath the trees,
41:27one thing is clear,
41:28true power
41:29can stand
41:30the test of time.
41:32I'm Danny Trejo.
41:33Thanks for watching
41:34Mysteries Unearthed.
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